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CN-121990632-A - Porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion and preparation method and application thereof

CN121990632ACN 121990632 ACN121990632 ACN 121990632ACN-121990632-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of selectively etching a Ti 3 AlC 2 precursor through a lithium salt-acid system to prepare MXene powder; the preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone in distilled water to form a dispersion medium, adding carbon black and MXene powder into the dispersion medium to uniformly disperse the dispersion medium to construct a composite photo-thermal dispersion system, immersing polyurethane foam into the dispersion system, and carrying out adsorption and drying treatment to ensure that photo-thermal materials are stably loaded on the surface and an inner pore canal of a foam skeleton, thereby obtaining the composite photo-thermal evaporator with high light absorption capacity and high efficient water transport performance.

Inventors

  • YANG JIN
  • Xu Dengkai
  • ZHAO LIXUAN
  • ZHANG XIAYUAN
  • JIA XIAOHUA
  • SONG HAOJIE

Assignees

  • 陕西科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260127

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on the MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone in distilled water, heating and stirring until the polyvinylpyrrolidone is completely dissolved, and obtaining polyvinylpyrrolidone solution with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.4 wt%; step two, preparing MXene powder by selectively etching Ti 3 AlC 2 powder; Adding 0.2-0.5% of carbon black and 0.2-0.5% of the MXene powder obtained in the step two into the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution obtained in the step one, and stirring and mixing to obtain a uniform and stable composite photo-thermal dispersion; step four, placing polyurethane foam into the dispersion obtained in the step three, and soaking for 5-8 hours in a stirring state; And step five, taking out the sample obtained in the step four, coating the composite photo-thermal dispersion with the same concentration as the three phases in the step on the top end of the sample, and then vacuum drying the sample to obtain the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on the MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to claim 1, wherein the heating and stirring of the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator in the step one is performed by heating in an oil bath at 60-95 ℃ and continuously stirring the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator for 40-60 min at a rotating speed of 600-800 r.min -1 by using a magnetic stirrer.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to claim 1, wherein the stirring in the third step is to continuously stir for 10-30 min at a rotation speed of 600-800 r.min -1 by using a magnetic stirrer.
  4. 4. The preparation method of the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on the MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam obtained in the step four is continuously stirred at the rotating speed of 600-800 r.min -1 by adopting a magnetic stirrer under the condition of 20-30 ℃ in the dispersion obtained in the step three.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vacuum drying in the fifth step is carried out in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for 8-10 h.
  6. 6. An MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion based porous polyurethane backbone interface evaporator prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light absorptivity is greater than 95% in the 300-2500 nm band range, and maintains good porous structure and capillary water transport properties.
  7. 7. The porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on the MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to claim 6, wherein the evaporation rate reaches 3.58 kg/m 2 /h under the condition of 1 kW/m 2 of illumination intensity when distilled water is treated.
  8. 8. The porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on the MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to claim 6, wherein the evaporation rate of the evaporator reaches 2.04 kg/m 2 /h under the condition of the illumination intensity of 1 kW/m 2 when the evaporator is used for treating 25wt% NaCl solution.
  9. 9. Use of a porous polyurethane backbone interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photothermal conversion according to any of claims 6 to 8 for high salinity wastewater treatment.

Description

Porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of functional materials, relates to a photo-thermal conversion material, and in particular relates to a porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the acceleration of industrialization progress and the enhancement of human activities, the problems of sea water desalination, high salinity wastewater treatment and the like are increasingly prominent. Although the traditional water treatment technologies such as distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and the like can effectively separate salt and impurities, the problems of high energy consumption, complex equipment, serious pollution, high operation and maintenance cost and the like generally exist, and the requirement of sustainable development is difficult to meet. In recent years, solar energy interface evaporation technology is considered as an important way for realizing low energy consumption and high efficiency water purification because the technology can directly utilize solar energy to drive evaporation. The technology generally relies on photo-thermal materials to convert light energy into heat energy, and high-efficiency water vapor generation is achieved at an evaporation interface. However, when treating high salinity or concentrated wastewater, salts tend to crystallize and accumulate on the evaporator surface, resulting in reduced light absorption efficiency, hindered water transport, and further significantly reduced evaporation rate and system stability. There have been studies on attempts to improve the salt resistance of evaporators by means of surface modification, hydrophilic-hydrophobic regulation and the like. For example, han et al synthesized Fe/C one-dimensional materials using a hydrothermal method and supported them on a glass fiber membrane, combined with PDMS modification to construct Janus structures with hydrophobic/hydrophilic asymmetry at the interface, thereby inducing steam generation in localized areas. In addition, li et al adopts a non-contact evaporator strategy, combines the high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion of an Ag-NSP absorber with the rapid water transport capacity of a bamboo fiber paper shell, and constructs a core/shell structured 3D evaporator. However, these methods still have problems of complicated preparation process, high material cost, poor adhesion of the photo-thermal layer, insufficient long-term stability, and the like, and particularly in a high salinity environment, continuous and stable evaporation is still difficult to realize. Therefore, there is a need to develop a photo-thermal evaporator which is simple to prepare, low in cost, excellent in light absorption performance and good in salt crystallization resistance. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion, a preparation method and application thereof, by uniformly loading carbon black on a porous polyurethane foam skeleton, the composite structure with high light absorption and high-efficiency water transport performance is constructed, so that the high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion is realized, the directional accumulation of salt is realized, and the method is suitable for the high-efficiency evaporation and the recycling of high-salinity wastewater. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion comprises the following steps: Dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone in distilled water, heating and stirring until the polyvinylpyrrolidone is completely dissolved, and obtaining polyvinylpyrrolidone solution with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.4 wt%; step two, preparing MXene powder by selectively etching Ti 3AlC2 powder; Adding 0.2-0.5% of carbon black and 0.2-0.5% of the MXene powder obtained in the step two into the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution obtained in the step one, and stirring and mixing to obtain a uniform and stable composite photo-thermal dispersion; step four, placing polyurethane foam into the dispersion obtained in the step three, and soaking for 5-8 hours in a stirring state; And step five, taking out the sample obtained in the step four, coating the composite photo-thermal dispersion with the same concentration as the three phases in the step on the top end of the sample, and then vacuum drying the sample to obtain the porous polyurethane skeleton interface evaporator based on MXene/carbon black synergistic photo-thermal conversion. The invention also has the following technical charac