CN-121990689-A - Novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and algal bloom control method

CN121990689ACN 121990689 ACN121990689 ACN 121990689ACN-121990689-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological restoration, but is not limited to, and discloses a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and an algal bloom control method. The floating island comprises a buoyancy bearing unit, an ecological purifying unit, a dynamic light control power generation unit, an oxygenation light supplementing unit, an environment monitoring unit and an electric control unit, wherein the ecological floating island is used as a main body, a curled photovoltaic panel is integrated on the periphery of the ecological floating island, and the photovoltaic panel is controlled to open and close in a linkage manner through real-time monitoring data of a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter, and aeration equipment is started and stopped and a lamp belt is supplemented with light. The invention constructs a cooperative treatment mode of dynamic light control, aeration and oxygenation of the curly photovoltaic panel and central ecological plant purification, solves the problems that the prior art cannot achieve the effects of algae inhibition, grass protection, lack of linkage control and low integration level, can realize the active inhibition of algal bloom in shallow water eutrophication water and the cooperative restoration of an aquatic ecological system, has self-contained energy, high intelligent degree and wide application scene.

Inventors

XIAO SHANGBIN
MA YUANLIN
HE SHIHAN
LEI JINJING
SHEN XIANGLING
CAO HUIQUN
YANG WENJUN
GAO TING
LIU JIA
WEI YUXIN
Meng Jianghuai

Assignees

三峡大学
长江水利委员会长江科学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260330

Claims (10)

1. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological control is characterized by comprising a buoyancy bearing unit, an ecological purifying unit, a dynamic light control power generation unit, an oxygenation light supplementing unit, an environment monitoring unit and an electric control unit; The buoyancy bearing unit comprises a buoyancy frame, a buoyancy base and an inner frame support, wherein the buoyancy base is arranged at the lower part of the buoyancy frame and provides buoyancy support for the device, and the inner frame support is fixedly connected with the buoyancy frame to form a bearing framework of the device; The ecological purification unit comprises an ecological soil grid arranged in the middle of the inner frame bracket, and the ecological soil grid is used for accommodating planting matrixes and planting emergent aquatic plants; The dynamic light control power generation unit comprises a crimpable photovoltaic panel, a motor and a connecting spindle, wherein the connecting spindle is rotatably arranged on the buoyancy frame, one end of the crimpable photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected with the connecting spindle, and the motor is in transmission connection with the connecting spindle and is used for driving the connecting spindle to rotate positively and negatively so as to realize the unfolding and rolling of the crimpable photovoltaic panel; the oxygenation light supplementing unit comprises aeration equipment and an adjustable light belt, wherein the aeration equipment is arranged below the ecological soil grid or at the inner frame support, and the adjustable light belt is arranged at the periphery of the inner frame support or the ecological soil grid; The environment monitoring unit comprises a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter and is used for monitoring the environment illumination intensity and the water dissolved oxygen concentration in real time; The electric control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the motor, the crimpable photovoltaic plate, the aeration equipment, the adjustable lamp strip and the light intensity meter and the oxygen meter, and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the crimpable photovoltaic plate, the starting and stopping of the aeration equipment and the working state of the adjustable lamp strip in a linkage mode according to the monitoring data of the light intensity meter and the oxygen meter.
2. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the flexible photovoltaic assembly is adopted by the curled photovoltaic panel, and the curled photovoltaic panel is covered to the edge of the ecological soil grid after being unfolded and keeps a gap with a plant area in the ecological soil grid.
3. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the motor is a waterproof and corrosion-resistant low-speed high-torque driving mechanism and is internally provided with a limiting, self-locking and overload protection module.
4. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy frame is made of a corrosion-resistant metal material or a high-strength composite material and is of an annular or polygonal supporting structure as a whole, and the buoyancy base is of a sealed floating type or hollow floating type structure.
5. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the ecological soil grid is of a compartmentalized and modularized design, and is internally filled with a light ecological matrix or planting soil for planting at least one emergent aquatic plant selected from reed, typha, iris and canna.
6. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the aeration device adopts microporous aeration strips, aeration discs or nano aeration elements.
7. The novel light and biological manipulation based ecological floating island of claim 1, wherein the adjustable light strip is a waterproof sealed LED light strip.
8. The light and biological manipulation based novel ecological floating island of claim 1, wherein the environmental monitoring unit further comprises at least one of a temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll or blue algae concentration sensing module.
9. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, wherein the electric control unit is a waterproof sealed control cabin, and is provided with a built-in controller, a power management module, an energy storage module, a data acquisition module and a communication module.
10. A algal bloom control method using the novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: S1, on-site deployment, namely, transporting the device to a target water area, laying the device on the water surface, and connecting the device with a submarine anchor body or a shore fixed structure through a mooring rope to enable the device to stably float; s2, electrifying and starting, namely connecting an electric control unit and an energy storage power supply system, checking the connection and the running state of each electric component, and executing a self-checking program to finish initialization setting; s3, dynamic shading power generation, namely continuously monitoring environmental light intensity and water dissolved oxygen through a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter, controlling a motor to drive a curled photovoltaic plate to be unfolded when strong light, high temperature or algal bloom risk increase is detected, forming shading coverage on a surface water body, and simultaneously generating power for a device by the photovoltaic plate; S4, synchronous aeration and local light supplementing, namely when the photovoltaic panel is unfolded to shade light and the dissolved oxygen of the water body is reduced, the electric control unit automatically starts the aeration equipment to carry out oxygenation of the water body, and synchronously starts the adjustable lamp strip to provide directional weak light compensation if necessary; S5, parameter control, namely setting control parameters through an electric control unit, and automatically adjusting the working state of the device according to the real-time environment data comparison threshold value by the system to realize fine regulation and control, wherein the control parameters comprise a light intensity threshold value, a dissolved oxygen threshold value, the opening and closing degree of a photovoltaic panel, aeration start and stop conditions, and the brightness and duration of a lamp band; S6, abnormal protection, namely automatically controlling the photovoltaic panel to be rewound and furled by an electric control unit when the equipment encounters strong wind and heavy waves, overload or mechanical blockage, and automatically alarming and switching to a protection mode when the equipment is abnormal; s7, monitoring linkage, namely continuously collecting environment and equipment operation data in the operation process of the device, synchronously recording and transmitting the environment and the equipment operation data to a shore-end platform through wireless communication, wherein a plurality of devices can form a networking control system to realize cooperative operation; And S8, maintenance management, namely periodically carrying out inspection, cleaning, overhaul and calibration on the device, and carrying out complete machine reset and function test after maintenance and replacement of the fault parts.

Description

Novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and algal bloom control method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological restoration, but is not limited to, and particularly relates to a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and an algal bloom control method. Background The eutrophication problem commonly exists in shallow lakes and reservoirs, and the accumulation of nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like easily causes the abnormal propagation of algae and the formation of algal bloom, thereby causing a series of ecological environment problems such as water transparency reduction, peculiar smell, death of aquatic organisms, landscape degradation and the like. In recent years, the use of ecological floating islands to plant emergent aquatic plants to purify water quality has become one of important measures for shallow water restoration. The ecological floating island can remove nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants in the water body through plant absorption, rhizosphere microorganism action, suspended particle interception and other ways, and improves the ecological environment of the water body to a certain extent. However, the existing ecological floating island technology mainly focuses on plant purification and landscape promotion, and lacks systematic active regulation capability for key limiting factors (illumination, water dissolved oxygen and habitat regulation) in the algal bloom explosion process. On one hand, algae, particularly blue algae, are easy to proliferate rapidly under high temperature, strong light and eutrophication conditions, conventional ecological floating islands are difficult to effectively suppress algae outbreak in a short period through absorption of passive plants, on the other hand, recovery of submerged plants and beneficial aquatic organisms in a water body is highly dependent on proper light environment and dissolved oxygen conditions, and oxygen deficiency of the lower layer of the water body is easily caused simply by shading light and inhibiting algae, so that growth of the submerged plants and stabilization of an overall water ecological system are not facilitated. While the traditional aeration device often operates independently, and lack of linkage control with a shading system, the traditional aeration device cannot respond timely according to environmental changes. The existing part of underwater light supplementing device can provide a light source for submerged plants, but usually energy is supplied externally, the integration level of the device is low, and a cooperative working mechanism is difficult to form with a floating island ecological purification unit and an algal bloom prevention and control unit. Therefore, development of a novel device integrating ecological floating island, light-adjustable shielding, solar power supply, aeration and oxygenation, environment monitoring and intelligent control into a whole is needed, so that the novel device can dynamically adjust the shading intensity according to illumination and dissolved oxygen conditions, can purify water quality by planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating island, and can promote recovery of the submerged plants by matching with aeration and light environment adjustment, thereby realizing active inhibition of algal bloom and collaborative restoration of water ecology. In view of the above analysis, the technical problem that needs to be solved in the prior art is: (1) The conventional ecological floating island can only passively absorb and purify water quality through plants, and the key limiting factors aiming at algal bloom bursts lack systematic active regulation capability and cannot effectively suppress algal bloom in a short period; (2) The pure shading and algae inhibition easily causes oxygen deficiency at the lower layer of the water body, and the demands of algae inhibition and growth recovery of submerged plants and beneficial aquatic organisms are difficult to be considered; (3) The existing water surface photovoltaic shading facilities are fixedly arranged, shading intensity is not adjustable, the aeration and light supplementing device and the shading system lack of linkage control, integration level is low, a cooperative working mechanism cannot be formed, and energy self-sufficiency is insufficient. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and a algal bloom control method. The invention is realized in such a way that the novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation comprises a buoyancy bearing unit, an ecological purifying unit, a dynamic light control power generation unit, an oxygenation light supplementing unit, an environment monitoring unit and an electric contro