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CN-121990854-A - Water-soluble fertilizer for promoting soil microorganism propagation

CN121990854ACN 121990854 ACN121990854 ACN 121990854ACN-121990854-A

Abstract

The application discloses a water-soluble fertilizer for promoting soil microorganism proliferation, which relates to the field of fertilizer preparation and comprises a functional unit core fertilizer unit, a microorganism signal unit and an environment-responsive carrier unit, wherein the microorganism signal unit comprises microorganism chemotactic starting factors consisting of key precursor substances L-arabinose and gamma-aminobutyric acid of root exudates according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:2, the environment-responsive carrier unit is nano ferroferric oxide/porous silicon dioxide dual-functional particles coated with humic acid-lignin composite gel, the swelling degree of the humic acid-lignin composite gel has sensitivity to the change of pH value within the range of 5.0-7.0, and the water-soluble fertilizer is used for solving the technical problems that a microorganism stimulation means in the prior art lacks accuracy and controllability, cannot actively respond to dynamic change of rhizosphere environments, and is difficult to realize directional proliferation and efficient function excitation of beneficial microorganisms.

Inventors

  • GUO CHENGCHEN
  • LV TONGZHEN
  • JING HONGFEI

Assignees

  • 安徽金正大生态工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260123

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The water-soluble fertilizer for promoting the propagation of soil microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following functional units of a core fertilizer unit, a microorganism signal unit and an environment-responsive carrier unit; The microorganism signal unit comprises a microorganism chemotactic initiator consisting of key precursor substances of root exudates, namely L-arabinose and gamma-aminobutyric acid according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:2; the environment response type carrier unit is nano ferroferric oxide/porous silicon dioxide difunctional particles coated with humic acid-lignin composite gel, and the swelling degree of the humic acid-lignin composite gel has sensitivity to the change of pH value within the range of 5.0-7.0; The environment-responsive carrier unit is used for loading the microorganism chemotactic starter factor and trace elements.
  2. 2. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the core fertilizer unit is a macroelement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium source, wherein the phosphorus source comprises ammonium polyphosphate, and P 2 O 5 provided by the ammonium polyphosphate accounts for 20% -40% of total phosphorus; The potassium source comprises monopotassium phosphate and potassium citrate, and potassium is provided by the potassium citrate accounting for 5% -15% of the total potassium content in terms of K 2 O.
  3. 3. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: In the nano ferroferric oxide/porous silicon dioxide difunctional particles, the nano ferroferric oxide is used as an inner core, the porous silicon dioxide is used as a coating shell, the overall particle size is 50-200nm, and the specific surface area is 200-400 m2/g; The humic acid-lignin composite gel is coated on the surface of the nano ferroferric oxide/porous silicon dioxide difunctional particles through a crosslinking reaction, and the coating thickness is 10-50nm.
  4. 4. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the preparation method of the humic acid-lignin composite gel comprises the following steps: dissolving potassium humate and alkali lignin in water according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to 4:1, reacting with a crosslinking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide in the presence of an initiator to form hydrogel, drying and crushing to obtain the aqueous gel; the swelling degree of the composite gel at ph=5.0 is 1.5-3 times that of the composite gel at ph=7.0.
  5. 5. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a near infrared light-to-heat conversion agent with a mass ratio of 0.02% -0.1%, wherein the near infrared light-to-heat conversion agent is carboxylated modified copper-based chalcogenide nanoplatelets, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the near infrared light-to-heat conversion agent is in the near infrared region of 800-1100 nm.
  6. 6. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: The mass ratio of the microbial chemotactic initiating factor to the environment-responsive carrier unit is 1:5 to 1:20; the microelements exist in a chelate state and are pre-loaded in the porous structure of the environment-responsive carrier unit, and the microelements comprise iron, zinc and copper, and the molar ratio of the microelements is 1 to 0.3 to 0.6 to 0.1 to 0.3.
  7. 7. The soil microbial propagation water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the fertilizer is in the form of core-shell structured particles having a diameter of 1-3mm, wherein a "core" is a dense mixture comprising the core fertilizer unit and the near-infrared light-heat conversion agent, and a "shell" is a porous coating layer constructed by an adhesive of the environmental-responsive carrier unit loaded with the microbial chemotactic initiator and the trace elements.
  8. 8. A method for preparing the soil microorganism propagation water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a load type environment response carrier, namely mixing the microbial chemotactic initiating factor and the microelement solution with the environment response carrier unit, carrying out vacuum impregnation and adsorption, and drying to obtain the carrier loaded with active substances; s2, preparing core particles, namely dry-mixing each component of the core fertilizer unit with the near infrared light-heat conversion agent, and then forming the core by extrusion granulation or rolling granulation; S3, constructing a core-shell structure, namely uniformly dispersing the load type environment response carrier obtained in the step S1 in an adhesive solution to form coating slurry, and coating the core obtained in the step S2 by adopting a fluidized bed bottom spray coating process to form a porous shell layer; S4, solidifying and screening at low temperature, namely drying and solidifying the coated particles at the temperature lower than 50 ℃ and screening to obtain the finished product.

Description

Water-soluble fertilizer for promoting soil microorganism propagation Technical Field The invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a water-soluble fertilizer for promoting soil microorganism propagation. Background Soil microorganisms are core drivers of farmland ecosystem health and function, and play an irreplaceable role in organic matter decomposition, nutrient recycling, soil structure improvement, plant disease inhibition and the like. Therefore, promoting the propagation and activity promotion of beneficial microorganisms in soil through agricultural management measures has become an important way for realizing the sustainable development of agriculture. Conventional fertilization strategies, while aimed at providing nutrition to crops, often fail to adequately account for their directional regulatory requirements on the rhizosphere microbial community, resulting in an inefficient activation of the microbial functional potential. The fertilizer improvement designed for promoting soil microorganisms mainly focuses on the following aspects of adding a specific type of microbial agent into a conventional water-soluble fertilizer, adding natural organic stimulating substances such as humic acid, seaweed extracts and the like into a fertilizer formula so as to provide a carbon source for microbial growth or stimulate metabolism of the microbial agent, and realizing slow release of nutrients through a physical granulation or coating technology so as to provide a longer-lasting nutrient environment for microbial activities. These methods have a positive effect on the microflora to some extent, but their mechanism of action is mostly passive feeding or general stimulation. The prior art still has obvious limitations that firstly, the microbial agent directly added is easy to inactivate in a complex soil environment or has insufficient competitive power, stable colonization and proliferation are difficult to realize, secondly, the universal organic additive lacks accurate signal guidance on rhizosphere key microorganisms and cannot efficiently start chemotaxis and proliferation processes of beneficial microorganisms, furthermore, the conventional slow release technology is mostly based on time or moisture triggering and cannot respond to dynamic changes of rhizosphere microenvironment, such as pH fluctuation or root secretion signals, so that nutrient release and microorganism demand are unmatched in time and space, and finally, the prior art lacks an intelligent means capable of actively regulating and controlling microbial stimulus factor release according to external controllable conditions (such as light and heat), so that fine management on microbial proliferation process is difficult to realize. Therefore, the intelligent fertilizer which can accurately respond to the rhizosphere environment and can be actively regulated and controlled as required is developed, and has important significance for improving the soil microorganism management efficiency. Disclosure of Invention Based on the problems, the invention aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer for promoting the propagation of soil microorganisms, so as to solve the technical problems that a microorganism stimulation means in the prior art lacks accuracy and controllability, cannot actively respond to the dynamic change of rhizosphere environment, and is difficult to realize the directional propagation and efficient function excitation of beneficial microorganisms. The technical scheme is that the water-soluble fertilizer for promoting propagation of soil microorganisms is characterized by comprising a functional unit core fertilizer unit, a microorganism signal unit and an environment-responsive carrier unit, wherein the microorganism signal unit comprises a microorganism chemotactic initiator consisting of key precursor substances L-arabinose and gamma-aminobutyric acid of root exudates according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:2, the environment-responsive carrier unit is nano ferroferric oxide/porous silica dual-functional particles coated with humic acid-lignin composite gel, the swelling degree of the humic acid-lignin composite gel has sensitivity to changes of pH values within a range of 5.0-7.0, and the environment-responsive carrier unit is used for loading the microorganism chemotactic initiator and trace elements. The invention further provides that the core fertilizer unit is a macroelement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium source, wherein the phosphorus source comprises ammonium polyphosphate, P 2O5 provided by the ammonium polyphosphate accounts for 20% -40% of total phosphorus, the potassium source comprises monopotassium phosphate and potassium citrate, and the potassium provided by the potassium citrate accounts for 5% -15% of the total potassium by K 2 O. The preparation method is further characterized in that in the nano ferroferric oxide/porous silicon dioxide dual-functional particles, nano fer