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CN-121991121-A - Betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier and preparation method and application thereof

CN121991121ACN 121991121 ACN121991121 ACN 121991121ACN-121991121-A

Abstract

The invention provides a betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of organic compound synthesis. The method comprises the steps of mixing isocyanate siloxane and triamine compounds containing secondary amine and having a structural formula shown in a formula (II), carrying out nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain a silane intermediate containing tertiary amine, mixing the silane intermediate containing tertiary amine with sultone or alkyl lactone in an anhydrous organic solvent, and carrying out quaternization reaction to obtain the betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier. The invention introduces a betaine zwitterionic structure with strong hydrophilicity into the substrate interface. The modified surface has super-hydrophilic property, the contact angle of water drops can be smaller than 5 degrees, and the instantaneous spreading and penetration of moisture are realized. The method has the characteristics of mild experimental conditions, simple and easy operation process, low cost, high product yield and the like.

Inventors

  • CHU ZONGLIN
  • HE YUZHU
  • ZHANG TING

Assignees

  • 湖南大学
  • 湖大粤港澳大湾区创新研究院(广州增城)

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260122

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier is characterized by having a chemical structural general formula shown in a formula (I): (I) Wherein Y - is-SO 3 - or-COO - , m is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 5, R 1 、R 2 、R 7 、R 8 is independently selected from methyl or ethyl, R 3 、R 4 is independently selected from C2-C6 alkylene or phenyl, R 5 、R 6 is independently selected from H or C1-C3 alkyl, and a is an integer of 1 to 3.
  2. 2. A process for the preparation of a betaine-type superhydrophilic surface modifier according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: S1, mixing isocyanatosiloxane and a triamine compound containing secondary amine, which is shown in a structural formula (II), and carrying out nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain a silane intermediate containing tertiary amine; S2, mixing the obtained silane intermediate containing tertiary amine with sultone or alkyl lactone in an anhydrous organic solvent to carry out quaternization reaction to obtain the betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier; (II) Wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 7 、R 8 is independently selected from methyl or ethyl, and R 3 、R 4 is independently selected from C2-C6 alkylene or phenyl.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the molar ratio of the isocyanate group siloxane to the triamine compound containing the secondary amine is 1:1-1.2, the reaction time is 5-8 h, and the reaction temperature is room temperature.
  4. 4. The method for preparing a betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, when a tertiary amine-containing silane intermediate and a sultone are reacted, the molar ratio of the tertiary amine-containing silane intermediate to the sultone is 1:3-5, the reaction time is 6-10 hours, and the reaction temperature is 20-30 ℃; When the tertiary amine-containing silane intermediate and the alkyl lactone react, the molar ratio of the tertiary amine-containing silane intermediate to the alkyl lactone is 1:3-5, the reaction time is 2-3 h, and the reaction temperature is 10-20 ℃.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier according to claim 2, wherein the isocyanatosiloxane is 3-isocyanatopropyl trimethoxy silane or isocyanatopropyl triethoxy silane, the sultone is 1, 3-propane sultone or 1, 4-butane sultone, the alkane lactone is beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone or gamma-valerolactone, and the organic solvent is acetone or acetonitrile.
  6. 6. Use of betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier according to claim 1 for the preparation of self cleaning materials.
  7. 7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the self-cleaning material is a self-cleaning glass substrate, and the method for preparing the self-cleaning glass substrate by using the betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier comprises the following steps: A1, adding the betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier into a diluent, adding alkali to adjust pH, and stirring to obtain a hydrolysis solution; And A2, performing activation treatment on the glass substrate, then placing the glass substrate in the hydrolysis solution for soaking, and baking and curing to obtain the self-cleaning glass substrate.
  8. 8. The use according to claim 7, wherein in step A1, the pH is adjusted to 10-12, the stirring is performed at room temperature for 1-3 hours, in step A2, the soaking time is 2-10 min, the baking temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the curing time is 5-30 min.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step A2, the activating treatment comprises the steps of washing the glass substrate with ethanol, immersing in a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.1-10 mol/L for 1-30 min, taking out, washing with water and drying.
  10. 10. The use of claim 7, further comprising surface treating the glass substrate with an oxygen plasma or an air plasma prior to cleaning the glass substrate.

Description

Betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of organic compound synthesis, in particular to a betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier, a preparation method and application thereof. Background The photovoltaic module runs outdoors for a long time, dust, snow, oil dirt and other organic pollutants are easy to accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so that the illumination intensity, reflectivity and light transmittance of the surface are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is further affected. At present, the cleaning of the photovoltaic panel mainly depends on methods such as manual wiping or mechanical cleaning, and a large amount of chemical cleaning agents are generally needed in the methods, so that environmental pollution is possibly caused, and high maintenance cost is brought. Therefore, developing a functional coating which can realize self-cleaning by utilizing natural resources such as rainwater and the like has important significance for improving the efficiency of a photovoltaic system, reducing pollution accumulation and reducing cleaning cost. The self-cleaning function of the photovoltaic panel is endowed by regulating the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the self-cleaning function of the photovoltaic panel is a research and development direction which is focused by academia and industry. The silane coupling agent contains easily hydrolyzed groups such as chlorine groups, methoxy groups, ethoxy groups and the like in the molecule, and the silicon hydroxyl groups formed after hydrolysis can be subjected to condensation reaction with hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of inorganic materials such as glass, silicon dioxide, ceramics, metal, oxide and the like to form stable covalent bond combination, so that the physicochemical modification of the surfaces of the materials is realized. Meanwhile, the adhesive can also be used as a cross-linking agent, a thickening agent and a primer of the organic silica gel adhesive. By means of the high reactivity and excellent dry-wet state adhesive property of the silane coupling agent, specific functional groups can be introduced on the surface of the material through chemical modification, so that the material is endowed with the characteristics of static electricity resistance, corrosion resistance, anticoagulation, antibiosis and the like, and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviors of the material are regulated and controlled. The application of the method not only expands the use scene of the silane coupling agent, but also promotes the structural design and synthesis research of the novel functional silane coupling agent. At present, there are many literature reports and commercialization products for surface hydrophobic and oleophobic modified silylating agents, such as long chain alkylsilanes for hydrophobic modification and perfluorinated long chain alkylsilanes for oleophobic modification. However, silylating agents that enable efficient hydrophilic modification of material surfaces remain relatively lacking. Although small organosilicon molecules containing carboxyl groups or amino groups show certain hydrophilicities, the surfaces modified by the small organosilicon molecules often have difficulty in achieving ideal hydrophilization effects due to limited hydrophilizing capacity of the groups, and super-hydrophilization states cannot be achieved. For example, the commercial product trimethyl [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl ] ammonium chloride (structural formula shown in figure 1) has certain hydrophilicity, but the overall hydrophilicity is still not ideal and the price is high. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a surface modifier with the characteristics of amphoteric ion superhydrophilic and the firm binding capacity of a silane coupling agent, and the long-acting superhydrophilic modification of the surface of a substrate is realized through a simple preparation method, so that the problem of performance degradation of outdoor materials such as photovoltaic glass and the like caused by surface pollution is effectively solved. In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted: The betaine super-hydrophilic surface modifier is characterized by having a chemical structural general formula shown in a formula (I): (I) Wherein Y - is-SO 3- or-COO -, m is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 5, R 1、R2、R7、R8 is independently selected from methyl or ethyl, R 3、R4 is independently selected from C2-C6 alkylene or phenyl, R 5、R6 is independently selected from H or C1-C3 alkyl, and a is an integer of 1 to 3. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the other technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the betaine super hydrophilic surface modifier comprises the followi