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CN-121991317-A - Polyurethane sponge material and preparation method thereof

CN121991317ACN 121991317 ACN121991317 ACN 121991317ACN-121991317-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyurethane sponge material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise bio-based polyol, polyethylene glycol, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, an environment-friendly foaming agent, a compound catalyst, a foam stabilizer and a compound additive; the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing a composite additive, synthesizing a prepolymer, foaming, reacting, forming, curing and post-treating, wherein the composite additive is prepared by the antibacterial agent and nano elastic particles, so that covalent anchoring of the antibacterial agent and the nano elastic particles is realized, loss of functional components is avoided, long-acting antibacterial effect is guaranteed, mechanical properties of the sponge are enhanced by means of the elastic particles, long-term use collapse is inhibited, and the branching degree of the prepolymer is regulated by compounding the bio-based polyol and the polyethylene glycol to balance the rigidity and flexibility of the sponge, so that stable rebound is realized, and meanwhile, the degradability is improved, and the preparation method is suitable for scenes such as houses, medical treatment and the like.

Inventors

  • WANG SHENGHUI
  • QIU LINGDI

Assignees

  • 德清舒华泡沫座椅有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260302

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the polyurethane sponge material is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, synthesis of prepolymer Adding bio-based polyol and polyethylene glycol into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 25-35:5-25, stirring and heating to 60 ℃, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate accounting for 40-60% of the total system, and stirring and reacting for 90min to obtain polyurethane prepolymer; S2, foaming reaction and molding Uniformly mixing an environment-friendly foaming agent, a compound catalyst, a foam stabilizer and a composite additive according to the weight fraction of 3-6:0.5-1.5:1-2:1.5-3.5, adding the mixture into a polyurethane prepolymer, stirring the mixture for 1-3min at a rotating speed of 1200-1500rpm, immediately pouring the mixed solution into a mould preheated to 40-45 ℃, closing the mould, and preserving the heat for 30min; S3, curing and post-treatment And taking the sponge blank out of the die, placing the sponge blank in an oven at 60-70 ℃ for curing for 8-12 hours, and performing cutting and deburring treatment to obtain the polyurethane sponge material.
  2. 2. The polyurethane sponge of claim 1 wherein the bio-based polyol is castor oil and requires a vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 2 hours prior to use.
  3. 3. The polyurethane sponge material according to claim 1, wherein the environment-friendly foaming agent is a mixture of deionized water and cyclopentane according to a mass ratio of 1:1.
  4. 4. The polyurethane sponge material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounding catalyst is compounded by triethylenediamine and dibutyltin dilaurate according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and the foam stabilizer is a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer DC-193.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the polyurethane sponge material according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based polyol, the polyethylene glycol and the diphenylmethane diisocyanate are all required to be dried under the vacuum of 50 ℃ before being used, and the weight part ratio of the polyurethane prepolymer, the environment-friendly foaming agent, the compound catalyst, the foam stabilizer and the compound additive is 80-110:3-6:0.5-1.5:1-2:1.5-3.5.
  6. 6. The method for preparing polyurethane sponge according to claim 1, wherein the mold is required to be pre-heated in advance, a silicon-based release agent is also required to be coated, and the filler of the mixed solution is 50-70% of the volume of the mold.
  7. 7. The composite additive according to claim 1, comprising an antimicrobial agent and nano-elastic particles, the preparation process comprising the steps of: S1, preparation of antibacterial agent Dissolving 1% carboxymethyl chitosan powder in deionized water, adding a silver nitrate solution with the mass ratio of 10:1, magnetically stirring for 30min, dropwise adding a 0.1M NaBH 4 solution, reacting at room temperature for 1h to obtain brown yellow sol, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, adding deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain an antibacterial agent dispersion; S2, preparation and compounding of nano elastic particles Dispersing carboxyl butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber nano particles in a mixed solvent of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 3:1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, dropwise adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5.0-5.5, dissolving gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the absolute ethyl alcohol, adding deionized water accounting for 20% of the total system weight and 1 drop of glacial acetic acid, stirring and hydrolyzing for 40min, slowly dripping the hydrolysate into particle dispersion liquid, stirring and reacting for 3-4h at 50-60 ℃, centrifuging, washing for 3 times by using the absolute ethyl alcohol, performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃, adding triethylamine accounting for 1% of the total system weight into antibacterial agent dispersion liquid, stirring, heating to 50 ℃, adding dried nano elastic particles, performing stirring and reacting for 2h, centrifuging, washing by deionized water, and drying to obtain the composite additive.
  8. 8. A polyurethane sponge prepared according to any of the methods of claims 1-7.

Description

Polyurethane sponge material and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of polymer synthetic materials, in particular to a polyurethane sponge material and a preparation method thereof. Background Polyurethane sponge has the characteristics of light weight, excellent elasticity, good buffering performance and the like, and is widely applied to various fields such as home, automobiles, electronics, medical treatment and the like. The preparation of the traditional polyurethane sponge mainly depends on the reaction of petrochemical polyol and isocyanate, and auxiliary agents such as a foaming agent, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer and the like are added. However, the conventional technology has the following key problems: Petrochemical-based polyols rely on non-renewable petroleum resources, have higher carbon emissions and are difficult to degrade in the production process, and on the other hand, traditional foaming agents mostly adopt fluorochlorohydrocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons, and although the traditional foaming agents are gradually replaced by substances with low global warming potential values, partial alternatives still have the risk of releasing volatile organic compounds, and do not meet the current requirements of 'double carbon' policies and environmental regulations. In order to pursue the softness of the sponge, the traditional formula often reduces the crosslinking density, so that the material has poor compression set resistance and is easy to collapse after long-term use, and the polyurethane material generally has the characteristics of porosity and water absorption, so that the polyurethane material is easy to be polluted by fungus substances during application, and further economic loss and even personal hazard are caused. In summary, developing a polyurethane sponge material with environmental protection, rebound stability and antibacterial property is a technical problem to be solved in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a polyurethane sponge material and a preparation method thereof. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention firstly provides a preparation method of a polyurethane sponge material, which comprises the following steps: s1, synthesis of prepolymer Adding bio-based polyol and polyethylene glycol into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 25-35:5-25, stirring and heating to 60 ℃, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate accounting for 40-60% of the total system, and stirring and reacting for 90min to obtain polyurethane prepolymer; The bio-based polyol contains a plurality of hydroxyl groups (-OH), the polyethylene glycol is linear glycol, the reaction of the polyethylene glycol and the diphenylmethane diisocyanate (containing-NCO) is nucleophilic addition reaction of the isocyanate and the hydroxyl groups, the reaction is essentially a gradual polymerization process, the core reaction is divided into two steps, firstly, the nucleophilic reaction between the-NCO and the-OH is carried out, the nucleophilic reaction is carried out for polyaddition at 60 ℃ to generate a carbamate bond, and after the reaction is carried out for 90 minutes, the polymerization is not completed, so as to form a prepolymer; The prepolymer firstly reacts partial-OH and-NCO to ensure that the subsequent reaction releases heat slowly and the cells are easy to control, meanwhile, the branching degree of the prepolymer can be adjusted by the proportion of the bio-based polyol and the polyethylene glycol to ensure the strength or flexibility of the subsequent product, and the cross-linking is not uniform, the free-NCO of the prepolymer can react with the foaming agent water to generate CO 2 to assist in foaming, and the foaming agent reacts with the composite additive to anchor functional components, and the stable structure of the foaming agent also ensures the product density, rebound rate and other performances of different batches to be consistent; S2, foaming reaction and molding S201, dissolving 1% carboxymethyl chitosan powder in deionized water, adding a silver nitrate solution with the mass ratio of 10:1, magnetically stirring for 30min, dropwise adding a 0.1M NaBH 4 solution, reacting at room temperature for 1h to obtain brown yellow sol, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, adding deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain an antibacterial agent dispersion; the carboxymethyl chitosan contains carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl, is slightly dissolved in water, is decomposed into silver ions and nitrate ions after being added with silver nitrate solution, and contains lone electron pairs which can be used as ligands to form coordination bonds with the silver ions, so that the silver ions are uniformly anchored on carboxymethyl chitosan molecular chains in the process, and