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CN-121991359-A - Amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent and preparation method and application thereof

CN121991359ACN 121991359 ACN121991359 ACN 121991359ACN-121991359-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent comprises the steps of dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution, adding an oxidant for degradation to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan solution, adding a cationic etherifying agent into the low molecular weight chitosan solution, heating and reacting under alkaline conditions to obtain a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, adding epoxy group end capped polyether into the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution to obtain a polyether grafted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, adding succinic anhydride into the polyether grafted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution for acylation reaction to obtain an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, concentrating the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent. The amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent has excellent leveling property, slow dyeing property and transfer dyeing property in anionic dye dyeing.

Inventors

  • ZHANG JUNXIONG
  • Su Jialuo

Assignees

  • 广东宏昊化工有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260209

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution, and adding an oxidant for degradation to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan solution; (2) Adding a cationic etherifying agent into the low molecular weight chitosan solution, and performing heating reaction under alkaline conditions to obtain chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution; (3) Adding epoxy group end capped polyether into the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution to obtain a polyether grafted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution; (4) Adding succinic anhydride into the polyether grafted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution for acylation reaction to obtain an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution; (5) Concentrating the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent.
  2. 2. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the cationic etherifying agent to the epoxy group end-capped polyether to the succinic anhydride is 1:0.5-1.2:0.4-2:0.1-0.4.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the deacetylation degree of chitosan is more than or equal to 85%, the viscosity average molecular weight is 20-50 ten thousand Da, and the weight average molecular weight of low molecular weight chitosan is 5000-50000 Da.
  4. 4. The method for preparing the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the cationic etherifying agent is selected from 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the number average molecular weight of the epoxy group end capped polyether is 500-4000 Da, and the epoxy group end capped polyether is at least one selected from polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and epoxy end capped polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers.
  6. 6. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline condition comprises the step of adjusting the pH to 8-10 by adopting alkali liquor.
  7. 7. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the heating reaction temperature is 70-90 ℃.
  8. 8. The preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to claim 1, wherein the acylation reaction is carried out under the conditions of pH of 7-8 and temperature of 40-50 ℃.
  9. 9. An amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent according to any one of claims 1-8.
  10. 10. Use of the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt levelling agent according to claim 9 in anionic dye dyeing.

Description

Amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of textile printing and dyeing assistants, in particular to an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent and a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the global increasing severity of textile ecological safety and printing and dyeing wastewater discharge standards, the textile printing industry is facing tremendous pressure to shift from "petroleum-based chemicals" to "bio-based chemicals". Traditional leveling agents mainly depend on petrochemical raw materials, such as nonionic leveling agents like peregal O (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether), and have good transfer dyeing property, but are easy to break emulsion under high temperature and high shearing force, lack of electrostatic adsorption capability on dye and weak control on initial dyeing rate. Cationic leveling agents, such as quaternary ammonium salts, while effective in retarding the dye uptake of anionic dyes (slow-dyeing action), are extremely prone to insoluble precipitates (lakes) with anionic dyes, resulting in staining of the flowers or equipment. Anionic levelling agents, such as naphthalene sulfonate condensates, are mainly dispersing, lack affinity for fibers and have limited transfer ability. Chitosan is taken as a deacetylation product of chitin, is the only natural alkaline cationic polysaccharide in nature, and has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and bacteriostasis. However, there are significant technical drawbacks to directly applying natural chitosan or simple chitosan quaternary ammonium salts to the dyeing process, which is also a major bottleneck currently limiting its large-scale application in the leveling agent field. For example, in the prior art, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is applied to salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes, and the technologies mainly utilize dense amino (-NH 2) groups on chitosan molecular chains to be protonated (-NH 3+) under acidic conditions, or show extremely strong cationic charge density after being quaternized and modified (such as HTCC), and the strong cationic property enables the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt to form insoluble color lake with anionic dyes on fabrics in the post-dyeing treatment stage, so that the wet rubbing fastness and the washing fastness are improved, or cationize modification is carried out on cotton fabrics before dyeing, and dyeing bases are added, so that salt-free or low-salt dyeing is realized. However, when the strong cationic property is used in the same dyeing bath, the strong cationic property can be combined with an anionic dye (such as a reactive dye and an acid dye) in a dye liquor instantaneously and uncontrollably, so that the dye is instantaneously adsorbed on the surface of the fabric, the fabric cannot be uniformly dyed, and serious color patterns, color spots and head-tail color differences are caused. And poor compatibility with anionic dyes, often precipitates due to charge neutralization, which can lead to nozzle blockage and fabric defects in high temperature, high pressure dyeing machines. And the pure chitosan quaternary ammonium salt has a single molecular structure, is difficult to adjust the dye-uptake rate of the dye in dyeing dynamics, is combined with anionic dye firmly, and once the dye is stained, the dye molecules are locked, and cannot migrate from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area under a high-temperature condition, so that the leveling property is poor. Meanwhile, the prior art of PEG grafted chitosan for drug slow release exists, but the performance of the PEG grafted chitosan in physiological environments (pH 7.4 and 37 ℃) is mainly concerned, so that the stability of the PEG grafted chitosan in extreme environments (pH 10-11, temperature 60-130 ℃ and high salt concentration) of textile dyeing is difficult to ensure. Therefore, an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent and a preparation method and application thereof are needed to solve the defects in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention In view of the problems, the invention aims to provide an amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the amphoteric polyether modified chitosan quaternary ammonium salt leveling agent has excellent leveling, slow-dyeing and transfer-dyeing performances in anionic dye dyeing, and can effectively solve the problems that the existing petroleum-based leveling agent is difficult to biodegrade and has high environmental toxicity, and the traditional chitosan derivative has poor compatibility in an anionic dye system, is easy to generate color spot precipitation and has insufficient leveling capability. In order to achieve the aim, the invention