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CN-121991570-A - Steel structure coating with fire extinguishing and fireproof functions, and preparation method and application thereof

CN121991570ACN 121991570 ACN121991570 ACN 121991570ACN-121991570-A

Abstract

The invention provides a steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fireproof functions, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fire-fighting materials. In the steel structure coating provided by the invention, the temperature-sensitive fire extinguishing functional units and the composite expansion system are stably coexisted and uniformly distributed in the coating, and the respective functional integrity is maintained, so that the advanced protective material with reliable performance and simple and convenient construction is obtained. The coating has the dual functions of active fire extinguishment and passive fire prevention, can start corresponding protection mechanisms at different time points of fire occurrence, can play an effective protection role at different stages of the fire, realizes rapid inhibition of the fire germination period and long-acting heat insulation of the fire development period, and provides whole-process and multi-level intelligent protection for a steel structure.

Inventors

  • ZHANG LICHEN
  • YANG LIANG
  • BAI BIN
  • ZHAO JING

Assignees

  • 应急管理部天津消防研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260324

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The steel structure coating with the functions of fire extinguishment and fire prevention is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, 15-22% of ammonium polyphosphate, 8-11% of pentaerythritol, 6-9% of melamine, 6-9% of titanium dioxide, 2-5% of expandable graphite, 2-5% of silicon dioxide, 2-5% of aluminum hydroxide, 8-15% of temperature-sensitive perfluorinated hexanone microcapsule, 3-6% of composite synergistic flame retardant, 0.4-1% of wetting dispersant, 0.15-1% of defoaming agent, 0.25-1% of leveling agent, 0.2-1% of thickener and 4.7-27% of water; the preparation method of the temperature-sensitive perfluoro-hexanone microcapsule comprises the following steps: heating and mixing poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide with water to obtain a polymer solution; mixing the polymer solution with perfluorinated hexanone and an emulsifier, and emulsifying to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion; heating the oil-in-water emulsion, performing conformational phase change, adding a photoinitiator, and performing ultraviolet light curing to obtain a temperature-sensitive perfluoro-hexanone microcapsule; the preparation method of the composite synergistic flame retardant comprises the following steps: And mixing zinc borate, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and water, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-5.0, and coating to obtain the composite synergistic flame retardant.
  2. 2. The steel structure coating with the functions of fire extinguishment and fire prevention according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the poly N-isopropyl acrylamide to the N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide is 30-100:1; the temperature of the heating and mixing is 40-60 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
  3. 3. The steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of the perfluorinated hexanone to the mass of the poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide is 7-10 mL/1 g; the emulsifier comprises Tween 80 or sodium dodecyl sulfate; The volume ratio of the perfluorinated hexanone to the Tween 80 is 20:1-80:1, and the volume ratio of the perfluorinated hexanone to the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 30:1-90:1; The rotational speed of the emulsification is 1000-2000 rpm, and the time is 10-20 min.
  4. 4. The steel structure coating with fire extinguishing and preventing functions according to claim 1, wherein the conformational phase transition temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
  5. 5. The steel structure coating with the functions of fire extinguishment and fire prevention according to claim 1, wherein the photoinitiator comprises Irgacure 2959 or 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide, and the volume ratio of the oil-in-water emulsion to the photoinitiator is 50:1-100:1; The wavelength of ultraviolet light curing is 200-380 nm, and the time is 10-30 min.
  6. 6. The steel structure coating with the functions of fire extinguishment and fire prevention according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium polyphosphate to melamine is 2:1-3:1, and the mass ratio of zinc borate to melamine is 1:1-3:2; The temperature of the coating is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
  7. 7. The steel structure coating with fire extinguishing and preventing functions according to claim 1, wherein the wetting dispersant comprises one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and ammonium polyacrylate, and the defoamer comprises one or more of polyoxypropylene glycerol ether and polydimethylsiloxane.
  8. 8. The steel structure coating with fire extinguishing and preventing functions according to claim 1, wherein the leveling agent comprises one or more of octyl polymethyl siloxane and polyacrylate copolymer, and the thickener comprises one or more of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Firstly mixing water, wetting dispersant, defoamer, titanium white powder, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine, expandable graphite and aluminum hydroxide to obtain basic slurry; performing second mixing on the basic slurry and the aqueous epoxy resin emulsion to obtain a coating matrix; thirdly mixing the coating matrix with a composite synergistic flame retardant, a temperature-sensitive perfluorinated hexanone microcapsule and silicon dioxide to obtain a composite coating; And (3) after fourth mixing the composite coating, the leveling agent and the thickening agent, curing and filtering in sequence to obtain the steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention.
  10. 10. The steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 or the application of the steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention prepared by the preparation method as claimed in claim 9 in the field of steel structure protection.

Description

Steel structure coating with fire extinguishing and fireproof functions, and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fire-fighting materials, in particular to a steel structure coating with fire extinguishment and fire prevention functions, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Steel structures are the primary load-bearing structures of modern large buildings, industrial facilities and transportation hubs, but their fire resistance limits are low. When the temperature exceeds 538 ℃, the mechanical property of the steel can be drastically reduced, and the safety of the whole structure is seriously threatened. Therefore, the efficient fireproof protection of the steel structure is a key subject in the field of constructional engineering. Currently, the most widely used fire protection means for steel structures is intumescent fire protection paint. The basic principle of the coating is that under the action of high temperature, the coating foams and expands to form a porous carbon layer, and the low thermal conductivity of the carbon layer is utilized to delay the temperature rise of the steel member. Conventional intumescent coatings are typically composed of a matrix resin (e.g., epoxy resin, acrylic emulsion), an acid source (e.g., ammonium polyphosphate), a carbon source (e.g., pentaerythritol), and a gas source (e.g., melamine). However, such conventional techniques have significant limitations. The protection mechanism of conventional intumescent coatings is entirely passive and hysteretic. The expansion reaction needs to be initiated until the ambient temperature rises to 250 to 300 ℃, before which a fire often has occurred and may begin to spread. This means that at the very critical initial stage of a fire, the traditional paint is actually in a "dead" state and does not provide any protection. Furthermore, the only function of such a coating is to insulate heat without any ability to suppress or extinguish the flame, and once the combustible material in the protective range is ignited, the development of the fire will not be controlled. To remedy the lack of initiative in conventional coatings, researchers have attempted to introduce fire extinguishing agents into the coating system. The prior art (publication No. CN 120733312A) discloses coatings comprising heat sensitive fire suppressing microcapsules which rupture upon heating to release a fire suppressing agent (e.g., perfluorohexanone). However, such solutions are usually focused on fire extinguishing functions, often at the expense of the expansion and thermal insulation properties of the coating itself, resulting in an insufficient long-term high-temperature protection of the steel structure. Another prior art effort (publication No. CN 121371570A) was directed to preparing high performance fire-fighting microcapsules, but failed to solve the problems of stable compounding, uniform dispersion in intumescent coating systems, and functional synergy with intumescent systems. Therefore, the development of the novel coating which can break through the bottleneck of the traditional technology and realize the organic combination of early active intervention and later-stage stable protection has great significance for greatly improving the fire safety level of the steel structure. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a steel structure coating with the functions of extinguishing fire and preventing fire, a preparation method and application thereof, and the coating has the dual functions of early active release of extinguishing agent for extinguishing fire and long-term passive fire prevention, and can dynamically and stage intelligent protection of the whole fire development process. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention provides a steel structure coating with the functions of fire extinguishment and fire prevention, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, 15-22% of ammonium polyphosphate, 8-11% of pentaerythritol, 6-9% of melamine, 6-9% of titanium dioxide, 2-5% of expandable graphite, 2-5% of silicon dioxide, 2-5% of aluminum hydroxide, 8-15% of temperature-sensitive perfluorinated hexanone microcapsule, 3-6% of composite synergistic flame retardant, 0.4-1% of wetting dispersant, 0.15-1% of defoaming agent, 0.25-1% of leveling agent, 0.2-1% of thickener and 4.7-27% of water; the preparation method of the temperature-sensitive perfluoro-hexanone microcapsule comprises the following steps: heating and mixing poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide with water to obtain a polymer solution; mixing the polymer solution with perfluorinated hexanone and an emulsifier, and emulsifying to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion; heating the oil-in-water emulsion, performing conformational phase ch