CN-121992199-A - Method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cell and application

CN121992199ACN 121992199 ACN121992199 ACN 121992199ACN-121992199-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cells and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of carrying out vacuum liquefaction treatment on solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cells to obtain silver-rich materials and lead-tin-rich materials; mixing the silver-rich material with the carbonizable organic precursor to obtain a mixed material, heating the mixed material and the lead-tin-rich material, performing first vacuum gasification treatment to obtain lead, primary tin and secondary silver-rich material, performing second vacuum gasification treatment to the secondary silver-rich material to obtain secondary tin and tertiary silver-rich material, and performing third vacuum gasification treatment to the tertiary silver-rich material to obtain silver. The method has the advantages of high metal extraction rate, high purity of extracted metal, recovery rates of lead, tin and silver being more than or equal to 95.0 percent, purity being more than or equal to 98.5 percent, simple process, environment friendliness, high efficiency and low cost, and solves the technical bottleneck of high-value metal high-efficiency separation in a solder enrichment region.

Inventors

RUAN JUJUN
SONG GUANQUN
ZHU YIFEI
GONG FENG
ZHANG HUIYAN
XIAO RUI

Assignees

东南大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260123

Claims (10)

1. A method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cell slices is characterized by comprising the steps of, Carrying out vacuum liquefaction treatment on the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell to obtain a silver-rich material and a lead-tin-rich material; Mixing the silver-rich material with a carbonizable organic precursor to obtain a mixed material, heating the mixed material and the lead-tin-rich material, and then performing first vacuum gasification treatment to obtain lead, primary tin and secondary silver-rich material; Carrying out second vacuum gasification treatment on the secondary silver-rich material to obtain a secondary tin and tertiary silver-rich material; And carrying out third vacuum gasification treatment on the third silver-rich material to obtain silver.
2. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the carbonizable organic precursor comprises at least one of citric acid, glucose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the ratio of the at least one of citric acid, glucose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.5% -2% of the silver-rich material.
3. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the carbonizable organic precursor is 0.1-0.3mm.
4. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum liquefaction treatment is carried out for 1-2h at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 50-100 Pa.
5. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 3-8 ℃ per minute and maintained for 0.5-2 hours; the first vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 1-2h under the vacuum degree of 1-10Pa and the temperature of 700-800 ℃.
6. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the second vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 1-2h at the vacuum degree of 1-10Pa and the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃.
7. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the third vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 3-4h at the temperature of 1300-1400 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 1-10 Pa.
8. The method for separating and extracting metallic elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the collection of lead, tin and silver is achieved by condensation at temperatures between 100 and 250 ℃.
9. The method for separating and extracting metal elements from retired photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell is obtained by crushing, grinding and screening the solder of the retired photovoltaic cell and physically separating and removing copper, silicon and residual packaging material fragments; The particle size of the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell piece is 0.1-0.5mm, the total mass ratio of the contained lead, tin and silver is not less than 85%, and the total mass ratio of the aluminum and copper is less than 5%.
10. Use of the method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cells according to any one of claims 1-9 for processing retired photovoltaic devices.

Description

Method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cell and application Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of secondary resource regeneration of photovoltaic devices, in particular to a method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cells and application thereof. Background With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the demand for renewable energy sources is also increasing. Photovoltaic devices, which are a clean energy technology, can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and thus are receiving widespread attention and support. But with the age requirements, there will be a significant number of photovoltaic devices retired. However, there is no large-scale solar panel waste reporting technology so far, and if this is not changed, 7800 ten thousand tons of photovoltaic waste will be discarded by 2050. Discarded photovoltaic devices, if not properly disposed of, can pose a safety hazard, for example, during demolition, transportation, and handling, which can pose a risk to personnel and the surrounding environment. How to deal with the upcoming crisis of photovoltaic waste is a concern. The photovoltaic layer device contains a large amount of rare metals and other raw materials, and the main valuable metal elements comprise copper, aluminum, lead, tin, silver and the like. The materials in the solder enrichment region can be obtained by disassembling, separating and enriching the retired photovoltaic component by conventional techniques in the art. The main metals in the solder connection area between the battery pieces are lead, tin and silver, and the lead, tin and silver are tightly combined with silicon-based impurities, so that the traditional physical separation or chemical leaching process is difficult to realize high-efficiency separation, and the problems of low metal recovery rate, insufficient purity, secondary pollution and the like are easily caused, and the problems become the core technical bottleneck for regenerating metal resources of the photovoltaic panel. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problem that the metal in the solder enrichment area of the retired photovoltaic device is difficult to extract, and provides an efficient, environment-friendly and clean recovery technology. In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a method for separating and extracting metal elements in retired photovoltaic cells, comprising, Carrying out vacuum liquefaction treatment on the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell to obtain a silver-rich material and a lead-tin-rich material; Mixing the silver-rich material with a carbonizable organic precursor to obtain a mixed material, heating the mixed material and the lead-tin-rich material, and then performing first vacuum gasification treatment to obtain lead, primary tin and secondary silver-rich material; Carrying out second vacuum gasification treatment on the secondary silver-rich material to obtain a secondary tin and tertiary silver-rich material; And carrying out third vacuum gasification treatment on the third silver-rich material to obtain silver. Further, the carbonizable organic precursor comprises at least one of citric acid, glucose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the ratio of the carbonizable organic precursor to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.5% -2% of the silver-rich material. Further, the carbonizable organic precursor has a particle size of 0.1 to 0.3mm. Further, the vacuum liquefaction treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours under the conditions of the vacuum degree of 50-100Pa and the temperature of 450-500 ℃. Further, the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 3-8 ℃ per minute and is kept for 0.5-2 hours; the first vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 1-2h under the vacuum degree of 1-10Pa and the temperature of 700-800 ℃. Further, the second vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours under the vacuum degree of 1-10Pa and the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃. Further, the third vacuum gasification treatment is carried out for 3-4 hours under the vacuum degree of 1-10Pa and the temperature of 1300-1400 ℃. Further, the collection of lead, tin and silver is achieved by condensation at temperatures of 100-250 ℃. Further, the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell is obtained by crushing, grinding and screening the solder of the retired photovoltaic cell, and removing copper, silicon and residual packaging material fragments through physical separation; The particle size of the solder powder of the retired photovoltaic cell piece is 0.1-0.5mm, the total mass ratio of the contained lead, tin and silver is not less than 85%, and the total mass ratio of the aluminum and copper is less than 5%. The invention also provides application of the method for separating and extracting t