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CN-121992213-A - Electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving titanium alloy inclusion removal rate and application

CN121992213ACN 121992213 ACN121992213 ACN 121992213ACN-121992213-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of metallurgical smelting. The control method specifically comprises the steps of carrying out regional division on a process function region of the electron beam cold hearth furnace, dividing the process function region into a smelting region A, a refining region B and a refining region C, wherein the smelting region A is subdivided into a central region A1, a middle lower region A2 and edge regions A3 and A4, the refining region B is subdivided into regions B1, B2 and B3 along the melt flow direction, the refining region C is subdivided into regions C1, C2 and C3 along the melt flow direction, and carrying out energy difference distribution on the refining region B and the refining region C.

Inventors

  • GAO LEI
  • KONG WENDI
  • GUO SHENGHUI
  • YANG LI
  • YE XIAOLEI
  • SHI ZHE
  • Cheng Zina
  • XIN YUCHEN
  • LIU YANG
  • XIE MENGDI
  • Ji Haohang
  • Han tianrui
  • QIAN QIUTING
  • Shao Jianzong

Assignees

  • 昆明理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260130

Claims (9)

  1. 1. An electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) The electron beam cooling bed is divided into a smelting area A, a refining area B and a refining area C, wherein the smelting area A is subdivided into a central area A1, a middle lower area A2 and edge areas A3 and A4, the refining area B is subdivided into areas B1, B2 and B3 along the flow direction of the melt, and the refining area C is subdivided into areas C1, C2 and C3 along the flow direction of the melt; (2) Implementing central focusing type energy distribution to the smelting area A; (3) And carrying out energy differentiation distribution on the refining zone B and the refining zone C.
  2. 2. The method for controlling energy of electron beam cold hearth melting for improving the removal rate of inclusions of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method for subdividing the melting zone A in the step (1) into a central zone A1, a middle lower zone A2 and edge zones A3 and A4 is characterized in that the melting zone A connected with a feed port is subdivided, the area of the melting zone A which is equal in width to the feed port along the melt flow direction is defined as a melting main area, the melting main area is equally divided into the central zone A1, the middle lower zone A2 which are equal in area along the vertical melt flow direction, the central zone A1 is positioned on the side close to the feed port, and the melting zone A parts positioned on the left side and the right side of the melting main area are respectively defined as edge zones A3 and A4.
  3. 3. The method for controlling energy of electron beam cold hearth melting for improving the removal rate of inclusions of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the refining zone B in the step (1) is divided into zones B1, B2 and B3 in equal division along the melt flow direction 3, and the refining zone C is divided into zones C1, C2 and C3 in equal division along the melt flow direction 3, and the zones C1, C2 and C3 are divided into equal division along the melt flow direction 3.
  4. 4. The method for controlling energy of electron beam cold bed smelting for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions according to claim 1, wherein the method for implementing central focusing type energy distribution in the zone A of the smelting zone in the step (2) is to distribute energy according to the proportion of A zone energy ratio A1:A2:A3:A4=50%: 20%:15% or A1:A2:A3:A4=35%: 15% or A1:A2:A3:A4=40%: 20%.
  5. 5. The method for controlling energy of electron beam cold hearth melting for improving a removal rate of inclusions of a titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the total energy distribution ratio of the refining zone B to the refining zone C is 60% to 40% based on the total energy of the refining zone B and the refining zone C in the step (3).
  6. 6. The method for controlling energy of electron beam cold hearth melting for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing energy differentiation distribution in the refining zone B and the refining zone C in the step (3) is as follows: according to the energy ratio of the refining zone B and the refining zone C, the energy ratio is B1: B2: the energy distribution is performed at a ratio of B3:C1:C2=30%:20%:10%:13.3%:16.7% or B1:B2:C1:C3=30%:15%:10%:13.3%:16.7% or B1:B2:B3:C1:C3=30%:15%:16.7%:13.3%:10% or B1:B2:B3:C2:C3=30%:20%:16.7:13.3%:10%.
  7. 7. The use of the electron beam cold hearth melting energy control method for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: The method comprises the steps of feeding a titanium alloy raw material into a smelting area of an electron beam cooling bed, carrying out energy distribution on the smelting area and a refining area, smelting the titanium alloy raw material in the smelting area to obtain a melt, continuously flowing through the smelting area and the refining area, sequentially completing smelting and refining, and finally, entering a forming device to be solidified into ingots.
  8. 8. The application of the electron beam cold hearth melting energy control method for improving the removal rate of the titanium alloy inclusions according to claim 7, wherein the titanium alloy raw material contains high-density inclusions and low-density inclusions, wherein the high-density inclusions are WC or W with the diameter of 30-300 mu m, and the low-density inclusions are TiN or TiO 2 with the diameter of 30-300 mu m.
  9. 9. The application of the electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions according to claim 7, wherein smelting conditions are that the smelting speed is 1400-2000 kg/h and the surface temperature is 1800-2000 ℃.

Description

Electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving titanium alloy inclusion removal rate and application Technical Field The invention relates to an electron beam cold bed smelting energy control method for improving the removal rate of titanium alloy inclusions and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical smelting. Background Titanium and titanium alloy are integrated with high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, chemical industry and biomedical treatment. In particular, as aviation advances to a high thrust-weight ratio, the purity requirements on titanium alloy materials are increasingly strict, and any tiny inclusion can become a source of crack fatigue, so that the application effect is poor. Therefore, the production of high quality, defect free titanium alloy ingots is a long sought-after goal in the metallurgical industry. At present, electron beam cold bed smelting (EBCHM) is a mainstream technology for realizing high-density inclusions (HDI, such as WC and W) and low-density inclusions (LDI, such as TiN and TiO 2) in titanium alloy, and is the only industrial production technology capable of effectively realizing the two types of inclusions at the same time. EBCHM maintains the flow of melt in a water cooled copper cold bed by electron beam scanning of high energy density compared to vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR). The basic principle is that the density difference among different substances is utilized to enable the high-density inclusion to sink to the bottom of the cooling bed under the action of gravity and be fixed by the condensation shell, while the low-density inclusion floats to the surface of the melt and is eliminated in a high temperature and high vacuum state. Although EBCHM technology theoretically has extremely high purification capacity, in practical industrial production, energy control of the smelting process faces a significant challenge. Related art and production processes typically employ a "blanket surface" or simple "energy blanket" scanning strategy, i.e., controlling the electron beam to scan uniformly across the surface of the cooling bed in an attempt to maintain the consistency of the bath surface temperature. However, with the intensive research on the behavior of the heat flow field inside the molten pool, the extensive "uniform distribution" control mode is found to have the following obvious technical defects and limitations: (1) The dead zone and single flow direction of the flow field limit the removal of the low-density inclusion, namely, under the condition of uniform energy distribution, a molten pool of the cooling bed always presents a wide and shallow variation form, and the lack of necessary numerical simulation and production practice proves that the shallow molten pool depth (the position of a solid-liquid interface is shallow) greatly prevents the sedimentation and capture of the high-density inclusion. When the melt flow rate is fast, high density particles of high specific gravity (such as WC) have not yet reached the skull, causing them to be "flushed" out of the melting zone with the main fluid, eventually entering the former, causing ingot defects. (2) The energy distribution strategy has difficulty driving an effective upflow field-the removal efficiency of low density inclusions (especially TiN with extremely high thermal stability), is highly dependent on their residence time at the surface of the high temperature melt, and whether they can be transported to the surface effectively. However, in conventional processes, the melt flow tends to be relatively gentle, and there is even a significant "flow dead zone" near the cold bed corners and spills. Due to the lack of forced convection and effective upward flow field driving, deep low-density inclusions are difficult to float to the liquid level, often pass through a refining zone directly in a suspended state (causing failure in removal), and meanwhile, if the surface residence time is insufficient, tiN type hard inclusions cannot be completely decomposed or dissolved, so that the refining effect is greatly reduced. (3) The energy control strategy cannot solve the contradiction of multi-type inclusions, namely the natural contradiction of a high-density inclusion elimination mechanism and a low-density inclusion elimination mechanism, wherein the former needs a deep molten pool and a low-flow-rate environment to be beneficial to sedimentation, and the latter needs a surface high temperature and a specific rising flow field to promote floating separation and interception. The existing energy uniform distribution strategy is essentially a compromise scheme, and two distinct physical removal conditions are difficult to be considered, so that deep purification of all types of inclusions is difficult to realize. The related art generally adopts a multi-temperature-