Search

CN-121992226-A - Low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw material

CN121992226ACN 121992226 ACN121992226 ACN 121992226ACN-121992226-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material, which belongs to the cross field of nonferrous metal hydrometallurgy and solid waste resource recovery, and adopts one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate as an extracting agent, and the method can be used for carrying out multistage countercurrent extraction under the low-temperature condition, so that vanadium and chromium metals can be efficiently recovered, and the dissolution of impurities such as calcium, magnesium and the like can be inhibited. The extracted tailings are converted into general solid waste, so that the recycling and harmless treatment of hazardous waste are realized. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high extraction rate, good selectivity, recyclable extractant, environment-friendly process and the like, and solves the technical problems of high energy consumption, high cost, low purification efficiency, low purity and incapability of recycling hazardous wastes in the prior art.

Inventors

  • WU DI
  • LIU XIAOWEI
  • WANG JIANWEI
  • WEI LAN

Assignees

  • 山东金麟科技开发有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260203

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in the vanadium-containing raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, preparing an extracting agent; S2, multistage countercurrent extraction, namely mixing the vanadium-containing raw material with an extracting agent in proportion, and carrying out continuous multistage extraction at a set temperature; S3, treating the extracting solution and separating vanadium and chromium, namely separating vanadium ions from the final extracting solution through subsequent treatment, and simultaneously obtaining a chromium-containing solution and a regenerated extracting agent; And S4, recycling the extractant, namely returning the extractant regenerated in the step S3 to the first-stage extraction process in the step S2, so as to realize recycling of the extractant.
  2. 2. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material according to claim 1, wherein the content of dry vanadium in the vanadium-containing raw material is 3-20% and the content of chromium is less than or equal to 5%.
  3. 3. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material according to claim 1, wherein the extracting agent is one or more of soluble alkali or soluble carbonate, soluble bicarbonate and soluble percarbonate corresponding to sodium and potassium elements.
  4. 4. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the extracting solution is 0.3-2mol/L.
  5. 5. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the vanadium-containing raw materials to the extracting solution in the step S2 is 1g (3-15) mL.
  6. 6. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, 2-10 stages of continuous countercurrent extraction are carried out at 1-80 ℃, and the extraction time of each stage is 0.5-5 hours, wherein the flow direction of an extracting agent is opposite to the flow direction of a solid material, and specifically: S21, extracting filter residues from the second stage by using an extracting agent in the first stage extraction, and obtaining final stage filter residues and first stage filtrate after solid-liquid separation; S22, in the middle nth stage extraction, filtrate from the nth-1 stage is used for extracting filter residues from the (n+1) th stage, and after solid-liquid separation, nth stage filter residues and nth stage filtrate are obtained, wherein the nth stage filter residues return to the previous stage; S23, in the last stage of extraction, extracting the fresh vanadium-containing raw material by using filtrate from the previous stage, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain primary filter residue and last stage of extracting solution, wherein the primary filter residue returns to the previous stage.
  7. 7. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw materials according to claim 6, wherein the vanadium content in the final extremely filtered residue is less than or equal to 0.1% and the chromium content is less than or equal to 0.005%.
  8. 8. The method for low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment of vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the total leaching rate of calcium, magnesium, silicon and aluminum elements is less than or equal to 0.5%.

Description

Low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in vanadium-containing raw material Technical Field The invention relates to the cross field of nonferrous metal hydrometallurgy and solid waste resource recovery, in particular to a low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material. Background The traditional raw materials depend on vanadium titanomagnetite (accounting for 70% of the global vanadium reserves), but the high-grade ore resources are increasingly exhausted, a large amount of vanadium-containing raw materials are generated in the smelting process, the exploitation cost of low-grade ores is increased, a substitute raw material channel needs to be developed, vanadium mud contains a large amount of unutilized vanadium and a small amount of chromium, and the recovered vanadium mud is reused, so that the resource waste can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be created. Patent 202410222525.3 discloses a method for strengthening vanadium extraction in the process of self-activated roasting and alkaline leaching of vanadium slag, which adopts calcium oxide and magnesium oxide as roasting additives, utilizes the reaction of calcium and magnesium components and vanadium components to extract vanadium components in the vanadium slag, and needs to add the additives for the second time and remove impurities for treatment, so that the cost and redundant impurity metals are increased intangibly and cannot be collected separately, patent 202511151767.9 discloses a method for extracting vanadium by acid leaching of the vanadium slag by dolomite negative pressure roasting, which adopts the method of crushing the vanadium slag and dolomite and mixing the vanadium slag in proportion, then carrying out negative pressure roasting, and extracting vanadium by sulfuric acid leaching, wherein the main component of the dolomite is calcium magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium ions are added into the vanadium slag, the negative pressure roasting energy consumption is large, and a large amount of waste gas can be generated by the roasting process. Patent 202210902789.4 discloses a method for extracting vanadium from vanadium slag secondarily by carbonating and leaching tailings with blank vanadium slag or calcified roasting clinker, which uses dilute sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as leaching agents to extract vanadium secondarily, wherein the leaching temperature of the sodium carbonate or the sodium bicarbonate is 90-99 ℃, the energy consumption is serious, the leaching agents contain more impurity ions such as calcium, aluminum, magnesium and the like, ammonium metavanadate is directly added into the leaching agents to precipitate ammonium metavanadate, the product purity is low, and the difficulty of precipitating vanadium is high. In summary, the existing vanadium mud treatment method has some problems that the energy consumption of high-temperature roasting and acidification leaching is too high, the production cost is increased, a large amount of waste gas is generated, environmental pollution is caused, the existing metals such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum and the like are required to be additionally treated, the process flow is complicated, and in addition, chromium in the vanadium mud cannot be completely leached, so that resource waste and secondary pollution are caused. The chromium element in the secondary vanadium extraction waste residue is higher, the environment is polluted, the treatment cost is higher, the full recycling of valuable metals can not be realized, and the zero emission is realized. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material, which solves the technical problems of high energy consumption, high cost, low purification efficiency, low purity and incapability of recycling hazardous waste in the prior art. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a low-temperature leaching and hazardous waste treatment method for vanadium and chromium in a vanadium-containing raw material, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing an extracting agent; S2, multistage countercurrent extraction, namely mixing the vanadium-containing raw material with an extracting agent in proportion, and carrying out continuous multistage extraction at a set temperature; S3, treating the extracting solution and separating vanadium and chromium, namely separating vanadium ions from the final extracting solution through subsequent treatment, and simultaneously obtaining a chromium-containing solution and a regenerated extracting agent; And S4, recycling the extractant, namely returning the extractant regenerated in the step S3 to the first-stage extraction process in the step S2, so as to realize recycling of the extractant. Preferabl