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CN-121992315-A - High-strength high-conductivity high-wear-resistance nickel-plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof

CN121992315ACN 121992315 ACN121992315 ACN 121992315ACN-121992315-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength, high-conductivity and high-wear-resistance nickel-plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite materials. The preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out surface roughening, sensitization and activation pretreatment on chopped carbon fibers, forming a nickel layer through chemical nickel plating, mixing the nickel-plated chopped carbon fibers with oxygen-free copper zirconium CuZr 0.1 alloy powder, carrying out cold press molding, and carrying out rapid vacuum hot press sintering under the axial pressure of 800-900 ℃ and 30-50 MPa for 30-60min, wherein the obtained copper-based composite material has high strength, high conductivity (more than 80% IACS) and excellent wear resistance (the wear rate is less than or equal to 1.1 multiplied by 10 ‑5 mm 3 /m), and solves the technical problems of poor interface bonding and low conductivity of the traditional carbon fiber/copper-based composite material. The invention is suitable for high-performance conductive wear-resistant parts in the fields of aerospace, traffic tracks and the like.

Inventors

  • ZHANG ZHIGUO
  • Lu Danwei
  • GUO BAISONG
  • ZHOU SHENGFENG
  • LI WEI

Assignees

  • 暨南大学
  • 暨南大学韶关研究院

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260112

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity wear-resistant nickel-plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (a) The preparation method comprises the steps of pretreating carbon fibers, namely immersing chopped carbon fibers in a strong-oxidizing mixed acid solution for surface roughening, washing the chopped carbon fibers to be neutral through deionized water after roughening, immersing the chopped carbon fibers in a sensitization solution, washing the chopped carbon fibers to be neutral after sensitization, immersing the chopped carbon fibers in an activation solution for activation, and finally, placing the activated chopped carbon fibers in an ultrasonic environment, repeatedly washing the chopped carbon fibers with deionized water, taking out and drying the chopped carbon fibers; (b) Immersing the pretreated chopped carbon fiber into plating solution containing main salt nickel sulfate, reducer sodium hypophosphite, complexing agent sodium citrate and buffer ammonium chloride, and controlling pH, plating time and temperature in a water bath to complete the electroless nickel plating process; (c) Ball milling and powder mixing, namely mixing chopped carbon fibers serving as a reinforcing phase with copper matrix powder according to the total mass of the required composite material, and adopting a 3D-planetary mixing technology to mix the powder to obtain composite powder; (d) Cold press molding, namely weighing composite powder with certain mass, adding the composite powder into a graphite mold, applying certain pressure to the composite powder at room temperature, and keeping the composite powder for a period of time to finish pre-pressing; (e) And (3) sintering the composite powder by adopting a current-driven rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a nickel-plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material block sample, and applying axial pressure to the sample in the sintering process so as to accelerate the densification process.
  2. 2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strong-oxidability mixed acid solution in the step (a) is prepared from concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to a volume ratio of 3:1, the sensitization solution is prepared from hydrochloric acid HCl and stannous chloride SnCl 2 , and the activation solution is prepared from hydrochloric acid HCl and palladium chloride PdCl 2 .
  3. 3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the length of the chopped carbon fiber is 50-300 mu m, and the diameter is 7 mu m.
  4. 4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper matrix powder in the step (c) is oxygen-free copper powder, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%.
  5. 5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper matrix powder in the step (c) is copper zirconium alloy powder CuZr 0.1 , and the particle size is 10-45 mu m.
  6. 6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (e) performing vacuum hot-pressing sintering, wherein the parameters of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering in the step (e) are that the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 -3 MPa, the temperature is kept at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min, and simultaneously, the axial pressure is applied for 30-50 MPa.
  7. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the axial pressure is 40 MPa, the sintering process parameter is vacuum degree of 10 -3 MPa or less, and the sintering temperature is 850 ℃ and the temperature is 30 min.
  8. 8. A high strength, high conductivity, wear resistant nickel plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composite prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
  9. 9. The composite material of claim 8, wherein: the reinforcing phase comprises chopped carbon fiber with the thickness of 0.1-2 mu m of the surface nickel plating layer.
  10. 10. The composite material according to claim 9, wherein the mass fraction of the nickel-plated chopped carbon fibers is 1.5 wt%.

Description

High-strength high-conductivity high-wear-resistance nickel-plated chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a nickel plating chopped carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are particularly suitable for working condition environments requiring high conductivity, high strength and excellent wear resistance. Background Copper has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and ductility, and is increasingly demanded by people in fields of industrial manufacture, infrastructure, aerospace, transportation and the like, electronic devices, household appliances and the like in daily necessities, and simultaneously, the requirements of more application fields on copper performance are also increasingly high, so that the development of copper-based composite materials is required to continuously break through new heights. Generally, in order to improve the comprehensive performance of the copper-based composite material, a second phase is added into a copper matrix to form a reinforcing phase, so that the copper-based composite material with high strength, high conductivity and high wear resistance is prepared, and the copper-based composite material with excellent performance can be used for some special conductive wear-resistant parts in the fields of automobiles, aerospace and rail transportation. The optimal design concept of the copper-based composite material is that the inherent electric conduction, heat conduction and extensibility of copper are maintained or only slightly reduced while the strength of the copper-based composite material is improved by adding trace elements, second-phase reinforcing bodies and the like, so that the copper-based composite material is an effective technical path for solving the problem of short-strength plates of the copper-based composite material at present. Composite materials can be classified as sheet-like reinforced composites, particle-reinforced composites, continuous fiber-reinforced composites, short fiber or whisker-reinforced composites, depending on the geometry of the reinforcement. The carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material takes carbon fiber as a reinforcement body, and the carbon fiber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high conductivity, low density, high modulus, fatigue resistance and the like, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the copper-based composite material is improved. The carbon fiber serves as a reinforcement to play a bearing role, when a load is applied, stress is transferred to the carbon fiber with high modulus and high strength, and when the critical value of the carbon fiber is reached, the fiber breaks, and finally the mechanical property of the copper-based composite material is invalid. The reinforced copper-based composite material has high strength and modulus in the direction of carbon fiber. In addition, the carbon fiber preparation technology is quite mature nowadays, the industrial carbon fiber has low price and cost, the preparation process of the copper-based composite material is simple, and the economic benefit is high. Compared with the reinforcement of the carbon nano tube, the carbon fiber has the advantages of difficult dispersion, limited strength improvement and the like, and the carbon fiber has greater potential in dispersion and surface modification due to the length advantage and large contact area. Meanwhile, the particle reinforced copper-based composite material also has the problem that the conductivity is generally less than 50% IACS, and the ceramic particles have poor wettability at the interface of a copper matrix and lack of interface reaction activity, so that under overload, microcracks are easy to nucleate and spread in the interface area, stress concentration and premature fracture are easy to occur, and the plasticity of the ceramic particle reinforced copper composite material is poor. The poor wettability of the carbon fiber directly enhances the copper-based composite material, which results in the decrease of the conductivity of the copper-based composite material due to the poor interface wettability, which is caused by the van der Waals force of the carbon fiber and the environment, and the carbon fiber does not react even at high temperature and exists in a mechanical bonding mode, so that the poor wettability of the materials leads to more defects of the copper-carbon interface bonding, the poor interface bonding strength is caused, the comprehensive performance of the composite material is adversely affected, and the enhancement effect is poor. Therefore, the carbon fiber surface modification and the doping of trace alloying elements in the copper matrix are taken as common improvement measures, so that the pro