CN-121992460-A - Polar plate current gradient suppression system and method for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste

CN121992460ACN 121992460 ACN121992460 ACN 121992460ACN-121992460-A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a polar plate current gradient suppression system and method for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste, and relates to the technical fields of electrochemical metallurgy and rare earth resource recovery. The system comprises an electrolytic tank, an anode plate, a cathode plate and a polar plate supporting structure, wherein a first conductive member and a second conductive member are respectively arranged on two sides of the anode plate and the cathode plate in the width direction, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are respectively connected with the corresponding polar plate supporting structure in a low-impedance electric connection mode through a planar rigid compression joint mode, parallel current paths are respectively formed between the anode plate and the first conductive members on two sides of the anode plate and between the cathode plate and the second conductive members on two sides of the cathode plate, and the first conductive member and the second conductive member are used for respectively providing bilateral current input for the anode plate and the cathode plate. According to the system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the transverse current density gradient is restrained from the current distribution topological level by constructing the current path connected with the polar plate body in parallel and combining the bilateral current input proportion regulation and control.

Inventors

HU WENTAO
CUI JIANGUO
SONG QING
XING SHIXIANG

Assignees

北京科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260214

Claims (6)

1. A polar plate electric current gradient suppression system for neodymium iron boron waste materials electrolysis is retrieved, including the electrolysis trough, set up in anode plate and the negative plate in the electrolysis trough, and be used for supporting anode plate with the polar plate bearing structure of negative plate, its characterized in that: First conductive members are respectively arranged on two sides of the anode plate in the width direction, and second conductive members are respectively arranged on two sides of the cathode plate in the width direction; The first conductive member and the second conductive member are respectively connected with the corresponding polar plate supporting structure in a low-impedance electric connection way in a planar rigid crimping way, so that parallel current paths are respectively formed between the anode plate and the first conductive members on two sides of the anode plate and between the cathode plate and the second conductive members on two sides of the cathode plate; The first and second conductive members are configured to provide double sided current input to the anode and cathode plates, respectively, the first and second conductive members having a current input ratio of (45-55): 45.
2. The pole plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member are each a rigid rod of uniform cross section, and the cross section is rectangular or square.
3. The polar plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste according to claim 1, wherein the contact resistance of the planar crimping interface is less than or equal to 10 μΩ -cm 2.
4. The plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member are each a copper-titanium composite, stainless steel clad copper or titanium alloy.
5. The pole plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste according to claim 1, wherein the outer surfaces of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are each provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene or ceramic insulating coating.
6. An electrolytic recovery method of neodymium iron boron waste, characterized in that by using the polar plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, neodymium iron boron waste is placed as an anode in the electrolytic tank for electrolysis, and double-sided current input is provided to the anode plate and the cathode plate through the first conductive member and the second conductive member.

Description

Polar plate current gradient suppression system and method for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical metallurgy and rare earth resource recovery, in particular to a polar plate current gradient suppression system and method for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste. Background With the rapid development of industries such as new energy automobiles, wind power generation, consumer electronics, high-end manufacturing and the like, neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials are widely applied due to the excellent magnetic properties, and the annual consumption is continuously increased. In the process, a large amount of processing scraps, grinding dust and scrapped devices are continuously generated, wherein rare earth elements such as neodymium, dysprosium, terbium and the like and valuable metals such as iron and the like are enriched, and the process becomes a secondary resource with great economic value and resource guarantee significance. In order to realize the efficient and green recovery of neodymium iron boron waste, the aqueous solution electrolysis method is regarded as a resource technology path with industrialization prospect in recent years due to the advantages of short technological process, good metal selectivity, strong process controllability, low environmental load and the like. In this method, neodymium iron boron waste is usually placed as a soluble anode in an electrolytic cell, the synergistic dissolution of rare earth and iron is achieved under the action of a direct current electric field, and the target metal or alloy is selectively deposited at the cathode. However, in the actual electrolysis process, the electrode plate width direction inevitably generates significant transverse current density gradient due to factors such as the size of the electrode plate of the industrial-grade electrolytic cell, the power supply mode (single-side or simple symmetric point power supply) and uneven resistance distribution of the electrode material. The gradient is accumulated along with the increase of the size of the polar plate, so that a series of negative effects are caused, namely, abnormal rapid dissolution and even pulverization of a local area of the anode occur due to overhigh current density, so that component segregation and metal recovery rate are reduced, uneven thickness of a deposition layer, loose structure or dendrite growth occur in a corresponding area of the cathode, the purity and compactness of a product are influenced, meanwhile, the uneven current distribution also causes local overpotential increase, so that side reactions (such as chlorine evolution and oxygen evolution) are aggravated, the overall current efficiency is reduced, the cell voltage is increased, and the energy consumption of a system is obviously increased. In view of the above problems, the prior art focuses mainly on improving the contact performance between the electrode and the conductive busbar, for example, adopting an elastic crimping clamp, a hydraulic fastening device or a multi-point bolt connection, etc. to reduce the contact resistance. However, the scheme has the common problems of complex structure, high sealing difficulty, easy loosening or corrosion failure during long-term operation and the like, and has high maintenance cost, and more importantly, the scheme only focuses on the optimization of a local contact interface and fails to effectively restrict and regulate the transverse current distribution in the polar plate. Therefore, in the system of complex dissolution/deposition kinetics of multiple metals, such as neodymium iron boron waste electrolysis, the prior art is difficult to effectively inhibit transverse current gradient, and the stability, energy efficiency level and industrial continuous operation capability of the electrolytic recovery process are restricted. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a polar plate current gradient inhibition system and a polar plate current gradient inhibition method for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste, which can realize the homogenization of the transverse current of a polar plate and meet the engineering requirements of efficient, low-consumption and large-scale electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste. The technical scheme is as follows: The invention provides a polar plate current gradient suppression system for electrolytic recovery of neodymium iron boron waste, which comprises an electrolytic tank, an anode plate and a cathode plate which are arranged in the electrolytic tank, and a polar plate supporting structure for supporting the anode plate and the cathode plate; First conductive members are respectively arranged on two sides of the anode plate in the width direction, and second conductive members are