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CN-121992651-A - Lyocell aerogel composite fabric with bionic structure and preparation method thereof

CN121992651ACN 121992651 ACN121992651 ACN 121992651ACN-121992651-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lyocell aerogel composite fabric with a bionic structure and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps of immersing lyocell fibers in a polyepoxide solution for reaction to obtain low-fibrillation lyocell fibers; the preparation method comprises the steps of dipping low-fibrillation lyocell fibers in a mixed solution of tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane to obtain lyocell aerogel composite fibers, blending the lyocell aerogel composite fibers and polyester low stretch yarns to obtain blended yarns, knitting the blended yarns into knitted fabrics with double-sided knitting structures, dipping the knitted fabrics in waterproof finishing liquid, and performing rolling-baking treatment. According to the invention, the problems of high low-temperature brittleness, low interface bonding fastness, water resistance and moisture permeability and difficulty in consideration of the prior art are solved by the technology of the chemical bonding waterproof integration of the silicon aerogel-polyurethane enhanced by the lyocell flexible crosslinking low-fibrillation modification, the construction of the low-temperature-resistant flexible aerogel and the bionic knitting structure design and the coupling agent by the binary precursor.

Inventors

  • MENG KAI
  • ZHOU JINGPING
  • LIU YUQING
  • JIA XIAOCHEN

Assignees

  • 苏州大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260408

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, immersing lyocell fibers in a polyepoxy compound solution, and performing a crosslinking reaction to obtain low-fibrillation lyocell fibers, wherein the polyepoxy compound is glycerol polyglycidyl ether and/or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; S2, immersing the low-fibrillation lyocell fiber in a mixed solution of tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane by adopting ultrasonic assistance, aging after sol gelation, modifying in a hydrophobic manner, and drying at normal pressure to obtain the lyocell aerogel composite fiber; s3, blending the lyocell aerogel composite fiber with the hollow polyester low stretch yarn to obtain blended yarn; S4, knitting the blended yarn into a knitted fabric with a double-sided knitting structure, wherein the knitted fabric consists of an inner layer loose terry structure and an outer layer compact plain stitch structure; s5, soaking the knitted fabric in waterproof finishing liquid containing epoxy silane coupling agent, and performing rolling-baking treatment to obtain the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure.
  2. 2. The preparation method of the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the mass concentration of the polyepoxide compound solution is 2-8%, and the temperature of the crosslinking reaction is 60-80 ℃.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the S2, the volume ratio of the total silicon source to the solvent in the mixed solution of the tetraethoxysilane and the methyltriethoxysilane is 1 (3-5), and the mole ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the methyltriethoxysilane is 1 (0.2-0.5).
  4. 4. The method for preparing the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the hydrophobic modification adopts an organic solution containing hexamethyldisilazane and/or trimethylchlorosilane, the volume concentration of the organic solution is 5-15%, and the temperature of the hydrophobic modification is 40-60 ℃.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the crimp shrinkage rate of the terylene low stretch yarn is 35-50%, and the crimp stability is more than or equal to 80%.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the count of the blended yarn is 30-50 inches, the uniformity CV value is lower than 15%, and the lyocell aerogel composite fiber accounts for 60-80%.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the height of the inner loose loop structure is 1.5-2.5mm, and the length of the outer dense plain structure is 2.0-3.0mm.
  8. 8. The preparation method of the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the waterproof finishing liquid is a silicon aerogel-polyurethane composite waterproof finishing liquid, and the mass ratio of the silicon aerogel to the polyurethane is 1 (5-10).
  9. 9. The method for preparing the lyocell aerogel composite fabric with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the rolling-baking parameters are that the rolling surplus rate is 60-80%, the baking temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the baking temperature is 120-140 ℃.
  10. 10. A lyocell aerogel composite fabric of biomimetic structure prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Description

Lyocell aerogel composite fabric with bionic structure and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fiber fabric preparation, in particular to a lyocell aerogel composite fabric with a bionic structure and a preparation method thereof. Background The extreme environments such as polar scientific investigation and high-altitude mountain climbing provide multiple core requirements of low-temperature resistance, heat preservation, water and moisture permeability resistance, durable structure and suitability for mass production for the clothing fabric, and the prior art has breakthrough in a single dimension but lacks an integration scheme with full performance. Patent CN1100763A takes chemical fiber cotton and a breathable film as raw materials, bird feathers are staggered and overlapped to form a zigzag passage to realize cold prevention, although the cold prevention can cope with a-40 ℃ environment, the fabric is thick and heavy, the moisture permeability is insufficient, the moisture prevention requirement in a polar region low-humidity environment can not be met, and the split type breathable film is easy to displace to influence the performance stability. Although the patent CN116100873a tries to combine the aerogel fiber and the lyocell fiber, the fibrillation characteristic of the lyocell fiber is neglected, the fiber is easy to break in the impregnation process of the aerogel, the heat insulation performance is fluctuated due to uneven adhesion of the aerogel, and meanwhile, the waterproof property is difficult to adapt to the long-term use requirement of extreme environment. The patent CN119392394A realizes the heat storage function by adding zirconium carbide micro powder in the spinning stage, but has limited heat preservation efficiency, cannot balance the comprehensive requirements of heat preservation, wind prevention, water prevention and moisture removal, and does not solve the problems of unstable combination of functional powder and fiber and easy falling. The industry forms three common bottlenecks, namely poor bonding fastness of a functional layer and a base material, extremely easy fibrillation (fuzzing and pilling) of lyocell fibers, powder falling phenomenon generated by peeling of aerogel layers attached to the surfaces of the functional layer along with the fibrils, extremely hard and hard traditional silica aerogel framework, particularly in a-40 ℃ extremely cold environment, extremely easy brittle fracture and pulverization caused by repeated bending stress generated by human movement, rapid attenuation of thermal insulation performance along with service time, poor bonding durability of inorganic/organic interfaces, lack of effective chemical bonding between inorganic aerogel particles, organic waterproof agents (such as polyurethane) and fiber matrixes, weak interfacial bonding force, easy peeling and falling from the coatings after repeated family washing, and great reduction of waterproof and moisture permeability. The prior art lacks an integration scheme capable of solving the contradiction from three dimensions of molecular flexibility, interfacial chemical bonding and structural protection. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a lyocell aerogel composite fabric with a bionic structure and a preparation method thereof, and solves the defects of high low-temperature brittleness, low interface bonding fastness, water resistance and moisture permeability and difficult compromise existing in the prior art by using the lyocell flexible crosslinking low fibrillation modification, the construction of low-temperature flexible aerogel by binary precursors, the design of a bionic knitting structure and the chemical bonding waterproof integration technology of coupling agent reinforced silicon aerogel-polyurethane. In order to solve the technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of a lyocell aerogel composite fabric with a bionic structure, which comprises the following steps: S1, immersing lyocell fibers in a polyepoxy compound solution, and performing a crosslinking reaction to obtain low-fibrillation lyocell fibers, wherein the polyepoxy compound is glycerol polyglycidyl ether and/or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; S2, immersing the low-fibrillation lyocell fiber in a mixed solution of tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane by adopting ultrasonic assistance, aging after sol gelation, modifying in a hydrophobic manner, and drying at normal pressure to obtain the lyocell aerogel composite fiber; s3, blending the lyocell aerogel composite fiber with the hollow polyester low stretch yarn to obtain blended yarn; S4, knitting the blended yarn into a knitted fabric with a double-sided knitting structure, wherein the knitted fabric consists of an inner layer loose terry structure and an outer layer compact plain stitch structure; s5, soak