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CN-121992655-A - Flame-retardant antibacterial fabric and preparation process thereof

CN121992655ACN 121992655 ACN121992655 ACN 121992655ACN-121992655-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a flame-retardant antibacterial fabric and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical field of functional textile finishing, and comprising a base fabric and a multifunctional finishing layer fixedly arranged on the surface of the base fabric fiber through chemical bonding, wherein the multifunctional finishing layer is formed by hydrolysis condensation of a phosphorus-nitrogen-silicon-containing reactive finishing agent, and the reactive finishing agent is hyperbranched molecules taking cyanuric chloride as a core skeleton.

Inventors

  • YANG LINSHAN
  • CHEN XIAOJU

Assignees

  • 众望布艺股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260128

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The flame-retardant antibacterial fabric is characterized by comprising a base fabric and a multifunctional finishing layer fixed on the surface of the base fabric fiber through chemical bonding; The multifunctional finishing layer is formed by hydrolyzing and condensing a reactive finishing agent containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon, wherein the reactive finishing agent is hyperbranched molecules taking cyanuric chloride as a core skeleton, and the molecular structure of the reactive finishing agent is grafted with the following components: (a) A phosphorus-containing flame retardant group derived from the reaction of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide with paraformaldehyde; (b) An antibacterial group formed by quaternization of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine with a long chain haloalkane; (c) A siloxane anchoring group introduced by an aminosilane-containing coupling agent; The chemical bonding is Si-O-C covalent bond formed by dehydration condensation of silanol generated by hydrolysis of the siloxane anchoring group and hydroxyl on the surface of the base fabric fiber, and Si-O-Si network structure formed by self condensation of silanol.
  2. 2. A process for preparing the flame retardant and antibacterial fabric according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an intermediate, namely dissolving 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and paraformaldehyde in toluene or a xylene solvent, and carrying out an addition reaction at 90-100 ℃ to prepare DOPO-methanol; s2, grafting at a low temperature, namely dissolving cyanuric chloride in an organic solvent, controlling the temperature of the system to be 0-5 ℃ under the condition of ice water bath, dropwise adding a mixed solution of DOPO-methanol and a sufficient amount of acid-binding agent into the mixed solution at a constant pressure, absorbing hydrogen chloride generated by the reaction in real time by using the acid-binding agent, maintaining the system to perform nucleophilic substitution reaction in an alkaline environment, reacting for 2-3 hours, and filtering to remove salt to obtain a substituted intermediate; S3, medium-temperature chain extension and quaternization, namely raising the temperature of the system obtained in the step S2 to 40-45 ℃, dropwise adding N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene diamine, reacting for 3-4 hours, introducing tertiary amine side groups, then adding bromododecane, raising the temperature to 80-85 ℃ for reflux reaction for 3-5 hours, converting the tertiary amine side groups into long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove unreacted bromododecane to obtain a disubstituted intermediate; S4, high-temperature end capping, namely adding 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and an acid binding agent into the system obtained in the step S3, heating to 90-100 ℃ and enabling the mixture to be in a solvent reflux state, reacting for 3-5 hours, and removing the solvent through reduced pressure rotary evaporation after the reaction is finished to obtain a reactive finishing agent; s5, finishing the fabric, namely preparing the reactive finishing agent prepared in the step S4 into finishing liquid, performing two-soaking and two-rolling treatment on the base fabric, performing high-temperature baking after pre-baking, washing and drying to obtain the fabric.
  3. 3. The process for preparing a flame-retardant and antibacterial fabric according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the organic solvent is at least one selected from toluene, dioxane, xylene and tetrahydrofuran; the acid binding agent is at least one of triethylamine and pyridine; The molar ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the DOPO-methanol is 1:1-1.1.
  4. 4. The process for preparing the flame-retardant and antibacterial fabric according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the molar ratio of the N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine to the cyanuric chloride is 1:1-1.1; The mol ratio of bromododecane to N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine is 1:1-1.2; And in the reflux reaction process, a condensing reflux device is adopted to control the volatilization of the solvent.
  5. 5. The process for preparing the flame-retardant and antibacterial fabric according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, the molar ratio of the 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane to the cyanuric chloride is 1:1-1.1; The vacuum degree of the reduced pressure rotary steaming is controlled to be-0.08 to-0.1 MPa, and the temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃.
  6. 6. The preparation process of the flame-retardant antibacterial fabric according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the step S5, the preparation method of the finishing liquid comprises the steps of dispersing 30-60 g/L of reactive finishing agent in water, adding 1-2 g/L of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether nonionic penetrating agent, and adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5.5 by acetic acid.
  7. 7. The preparation process of the flame-retardant and antibacterial fabric according to claim 2, wherein in the step S5, the padding ratio of the two padding and two rolling processes is controlled to be 70% -80%; The pre-baking process condition is that the treatment is carried out for 3-5 minutes at 90 ℃; The high-temperature baking process condition is that the treatment is carried out for 90-120 seconds at 165-175 ℃; In the high-temperature baking process, silanol groups of the finishing agent molecules construct a reticular cross-linked structure on the surface of the fiber in situ.

Description

Flame-retardant antibacterial fabric and preparation process thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the field of functional textile finishing, in particular to a flame-retardant antibacterial fabric and a preparation process thereof. Background At present, the synergistic endowment of flame retardance and antibacterial properties is a hot spot of research in the field of functional textiles. In the conventional technology, in order to make the fabric have dual functions of flame retardance and antibacterial, a physical blending method is generally adopted to mix a flame retardant, an antibacterial agent and a crosslinking agent to prepare a finishing liquid. The treatment mode mainly relies on van der Waals force or hydrogen bond between auxiliary agent molecules and fiber surfaces for adsorption bonding or is fixed on fabrics through physical coating of adhesives. However, in the related art, there are significant drawbacks to this physical adsorption-based or simple coating-based construction method. Firstly, auxiliary molecules with different functions are difficult to achieve an ideal compatible state in finishing liquid, and are extremely unevenly distributed on the surface of fibers, so that the functional areas of the finished fabric are scattered. Secondly, due to the lack of a stable chemical bonding mechanism, the bonding strength between the auxiliary agent molecules and the fibers is extremely low, and after a plurality of standard washes, the small molecule flame retardant and the antibacterial agent can be subjected to serious shedding phenomenon, so that the functionality of the fabric is rapidly lost. In addition, in the traditional compounding process, mutual interference often exists between the flame retardant component and the antibacterial component, and the antagonism weakens the respective functional performance, so that efficient and durable performance balance is difficult to realize on a single fabric. Especially when facing cotton fiber or cotton blend fabrics, the existing finishing process is difficult to ensure flame retardance and antibacterial effect, and meanwhile, the wearability and the strength retention rate of the fabric are both considered, so that improvement is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a flame-retardant antibacterial fabric and a preparation process thereof, which aim to solve the problems in the background technology, and specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a flame-retardant antibacterial fabric comprises a base fabric and a multifunctional finishing layer fixed on the surface of the base fabric fiber through chemical bonding; The multifunctional finishing layer is formed by hydrolyzing and condensing a reactive finishing agent containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon, wherein the reactive finishing agent is hyperbranched molecules taking cyanuric chloride as a core skeleton, and the molecular structure of the reactive finishing agent is grafted with the following components: (a) A phosphorus-containing flame retardant group derived from the reaction of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide with paraformaldehyde; (b) An antibacterial group formed by quaternization of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine with a long chain haloalkane; (c) A siloxane anchoring group introduced by an aminosilane-containing coupling agent; The chemical bonding is Si-O-C covalent bond formed by dehydration condensation of silanol generated by hydrolysis of the siloxane anchoring group and hydroxyl on the surface of the base fabric fiber, and Si-O-Si network structure formed by self condensation of silanol. A preparation process of flame-retardant antibacterial fabric comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an intermediate, namely dissolving 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and paraformaldehyde in toluene or a xylene solvent, and carrying out an addition reaction at 90-100 ℃ to prepare DOPO-methanol; s2, grafting at a low temperature, namely dissolving cyanuric chloride in an organic solvent, controlling the temperature of the system to be 0-5 ℃ under the condition of ice water bath, dropwise adding a mixed solution of DOPO-methanol and a sufficient amount of acid-binding agent into the mixed solution at a constant pressure, absorbing hydrogen chloride generated by the reaction in real time by using the acid-binding agent, maintaining the system to perform nucleophilic substitution reaction in an alkaline environment, reacting for 2-3 hours, and filtering to remove salt to obtain a substituted intermediate; S3, medium-temperature chain extension and quaternization, namely raising the temperature of the system obtained in the step S2 to 40-45 ℃, dropwise adding N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene diamine, reacting for 3-4 hours, introducing tertiary amine side groups, then adding bromododecane, raising the temperature to 80-85 ℃ for reflux reaction for 3-5 hours, converting the terti