CN-121992666-A - Flame-retardant heat-insulating electric heating carbon fiber composite fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a flame-retardant heat-insulating electric heating carbon fiber composite fabric and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of fiber fabrics, wherein the composite fabric comprises a glass fiber substrate layer, a carbon fiber electric heating layer and a flame-retardant heat-insulating coating covering the surface of the carbon fiber electric heating layer; the carbon fiber electric heating layer is characterized in that carbon fibers are fixed on the glass fiber substrate layer according to a preset path through a customized fiber laying process to form a conductive heating network, and the flame-retardant heat-insulating coating is a vinyl silicone rubber-based composite coating and comprises vinyl silicone rubber VMQ-14, vinyl silicone rubber VMD-10k, white carbon black, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate flame-retardant filler, platinum catalyst, hydrogen-containing silicone oil crosslinking agent and inhibitor.

Inventors

• LI WENBIN
• LI JIALE
• HE JIAHAO
• LIU TAO
• LI JIUGANG
• HUANG YUFAN
• XU WEILIN

Assignees

• 武汉纺织大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20260204

Claims (8)

1. 1. A flame retardant, thermally insulating, electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric, the composite fabric comprising: the glass fiber substrate layer, the carbon fiber electric heating layer and the flame-retardant heat-insulating coating layer cover the surface of the carbon fiber electric heating layer; The carbon fiber electric heating layer fixes carbon fibers on the glass fiber substrate layer according to a preset path through a customized fiber laying process so as to form a conductive heating network; The flame-retardant heat-insulating coating is a vinyl silicone rubber-based composite coating and comprises vinyl silicone rubber VMQ-14, vinyl silicone rubber VMD-10k, white carbon black, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate flame-retardant filler, a platinum catalyst, a hydrogen-containing silicone oil crosslinking agent and an inhibitor.
2. 2. The flame-retardant heat-insulating electric heating carbon fiber composite fabric according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant heat-insulating coating comprises, by mass, 70-100 parts of vinyl silicone rubber VMQ-14, 0-30 parts of vinyl silicone rubber VMD-10k, 5-15 parts of white carbon black, 10-30 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3-8 parts of zinc borate, 0.05-0.2 part of platinum catalyst, 5-15 parts of hydrogen-containing silicone oil and 0.005-0.02 part of inhibitor.
3. 3. The flame retardant and heat insulating electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon fiber electrothermal layer is arranged in a hemispherical arrangement.
4. 4. The flame retardant, thermally insulating and electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric of claim 3, wherein the flame retardant, thermally insulating coating is cured under conditions of preheating at 90-110 ℃ for 10-20 minutes and then venting at room temperature for not less than 72 hours to complete curing.
5. 5. The flame retardant, thermally insulating, electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric of claim 4, said composite fabric having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.04W/(m-K).
6. 6. The flame retardant, thermally insulating, electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric of claim 5, wherein the composite fabric has a lower surface temperature of less than 140 ℃ when placed on a 240 ℃ heat station.
7. 7. A method for preparing the flame retardant, heat insulating and electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: (1) Embroidering and fixing carbon fibers on a glass fiber substrate according to a preset path by adopting a customized fiber laying process to obtain a fabric substrate containing carbon fiber electric heating layers; (2) Mixing vinyl silicone rubber VMQ-14 and vinyl silicone rubber VMD-10k according to mass parts, adding white carbon black, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate and platinum catalyst for mixing and grinding, and then adding hydrogen-containing silicone oil cross-linking agent and inhibitor for uniformly stirring to obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating coating agent; (3) And coating the flame-retardant heat-insulating coating agent on the surface of the fabric substrate and curing to form a continuous and compact three-dimensional crosslinked protective layer, thereby obtaining the composite fabric.
8. 8. The method for preparing the flame-retardant and heat-insulating electrically-heated carbon fiber composite fabric according to claim 7, wherein the coating mode in the step (3) is spraying, the coating amount is 2g/cm < 2 >, and the curing condition is that the fabric is air-dried at room temperature for 168 hours after being heated for 15 minutes at 100 ℃.

Description

Flame-retardant heat-insulating electric heating carbon fiber composite fabric and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention discloses the technical field of functional fabrics and intelligent materials. Background The electric heating fabric has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, automotive trim, intelligent clothing and the like due to the advantages of flexibility, light weight, rapid heating and the like. However, the conventional electric heating materials such as metal wires, carbon paste printed fabrics and the like have the problems of poor flame retardant property, low heat efficiency, insufficient wear resistance, poor comfort and the like. Particularly in the closed environment of airplanes, automobiles and the like, the fireproof safety and the thermal management capability of the material are important. In order to solve the above problems, chinese patent CN1909750a discloses a carbon fiber cloth. The patent weaves carbon fiber as yarn and cotton fiber together to form flexible heating cloth, and prepares independent electric heating plates through outer coating cloth, and is applied to protective clothing, clothing and the like, which has the advantages of good conductivity, comfort, light weight and the like. However, the matrix is inflammable cotton fiber, no flame retardant modification is performed, and fire hazards exist under the condition of high temperature or short circuit, so that the high flame retardant standard in the fields of aviation, automobiles and the like can not be met. Second, the layers are easily layered and uninsulated by simple stitching or bonding alone, heat is easily dissipated in non-target directions, and can cause overheating of the use interface. Chinese patent CN109451609a discloses a carbon fiber electric heating composite material. According to the patent, the carbon fiber mesh cloth is packaged through the thermoplastic elastomer, and the series circuit is formed by arranging the break points on the metal wire, so that safe low-pressure heating under the condition of household high voltage is realized, and the carbon fiber mesh cloth is mainly used for building heating such as floor heating, and has the advantages of good conductivity, safety and the like. However, thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is flammable, and the Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) does not perform any flame retardant modification on a matrix, so that the requirements of forced flame retardance in the scenes of vehicle interiors and the like cannot be met. And its massive laminate structure and poor breathability make it difficult to apply to fields where severe demands are made on weight, flexibility and comfort, such as airline seats, smart clothing, etc. Therefore, there is a need to develop an integrated electric heating fabric that combines efficient electrothermal conversion, excellent flame retardance and thermal insulation, good flexibility and wear resistance, and easy integration with a substrate. The invention creatively adopts a strategy of combining a customized fiber laid (TFP) structured carbon fiber heating layer with a vinyl silicone rubber-based multifunctional composite coating to solve the problems of insufficient flame retardance, poor heat insulation performance, difficult compatibility of flexibility and durability, single function and the like of the traditional electric heating material, adopts a programmable TFP technology to fix carbon fibers on a glass fiber substrate in an optimal arrangement mode (such as hemispherical), constructs a high-efficiency and stable electric heating network, adopts a flame-retardant heat-insulating coating which takes vinyl silicone rubber as a matrix and is compounded with functional fillers such as white carbon black, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate and the like, and forms a continuous, compact and hydrophobic three-dimensional crosslinked protective layer with a condensed phase and gas-phase flame-retardant mechanism on the surface of the heating layer through a spraying and controllable curing process, and the design not only ensures excellent flame-retardant self-extinguishing property and heat insulation property of the fabric, but also maintains excellent flexibility and wear resistance of the fabric and good integration capability with substrates such as industrial carpets, and the like, and realizes perfect unification of electric heating, high safety and use comfort. Disclosure of Invention In view of this, the present invention provides a flame retardant, thermally insulating and electrically heated carbon fiber composite fabric. The flame-retardant heat-insulating and electrically-heated carbon fiber composite fabric is characterized by comprising the following components from top to bottom: A fiberglass substrate layer (1) that provides initial structural strength and heat resistance. The carbon fiber electric heating layer (2) embroiders carbon fibers on a glass fiber substrate in a