CN-121992748-A - River bank zone staged progressive ecological restoration method

CN121992748ACN 121992748 ACN121992748 ACN 121992748ACN-121992748-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of a river bank zone, and discloses a staged progressive ecological restoration method of the river bank zone, which comprises the following steps: dividing a dry area and a wet area by a shoreline of a river bank zone, respectively paving a base layer protective layer and a double-layer base, paving an aquatic plant lawn and fixing roots after water flow erosion, deposition operation and standard judgment, and finally observing rooting states and developing maintenance and supplementary planting, wherein each link synchronously acquires data and adjusts according to requirements. According to the invention, through staged fine operation and combination of data acquisition, analysis and judgment, core links such as base laying, deposition regulation and control, plant maintenance and the like are optimized, the orderly promotion of ecological restoration of the river bank zone is realized, and the pertinence and continuity of the restoration process are ensured.

Inventors

XU ZHENGGUANG
GUO XIAO
HU YUZHE
LI CHANGYI
KANG ZHIHE

Assignees

华北水利水电大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260226

Claims (10)

1. The river bank zone staged progressive ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: dividing a dry part area and a wet part area by taking a river bank zone shoreline as a boundary; Laying a base layer and a protective layer in the dry part area, and laying a lower layer base and an upper layer base in the wet part area; after the double-layer base in the wet part area is paved, starting water flow erosion operation, and starting deposition operation according to the acquired distribution condition data of the upper-layer base in the erosion process; The method comprises the steps of collecting initial elevation data of an upper base before deposition operation and deposition elevation data in the process of deposition operation, collecting a deposit sample at the same time, and carrying out particle grading analysis on the sample; When the elevation difference reaches a preset standard elevation difference and the grain composition analysis result meets a preset grain analysis standard, judging that the deposition operation is completed; when the elevation difference value does not reach a preset standard height Cheng Chazhi or the grain composition analysis result does not meet a preset grain analysis standard, continuing to carry out the deposition operation and collecting data until the deposition operation is completed; after the deposition operation is completed, paving an aquatic plant lawn on the surface of the deposition layer, and setting a plant root fixing structure; and observing the rooting state of the plants and carrying out maintenance and supplementary planting operation.
2. The method for gradually and gradually restoring ecology of river bank zone according to claim 1, wherein, Laying a base layer and additionally arranging a protective layer in the dry part area, and comprises the following steps: Cleaning surface impurities in the trunk area according to a preset paving path, collecting base data after the surface impurities are cleaned, paving a base material according to the base data, and paving a protective layer material above the base material after the base material is paved; the laying process is carried out according to layering, compaction treatment is carried out after each layer of laying, and thickness data and compactness data after compaction are recorded; the base material is river mud, and the thickness of the base material is 25-35 cm.
3. The method for staged progressive ecological restoration of a riverbank according to claim 2, wherein the paving a lower base and an upper base in the wet area comprises: firstly paving a lower base in a wet part area, and then paving an upper base; the upper base is made of natural pebbles, and the thickness of the upper base is 4-7 cm; the lower base is made of river sludge, and the thickness of the river sludge is 24-27 cm.
4. The method for staged progressive ecological restoration of a riverbank according to claim 1, wherein after the double-layer base in the wet-end area is laid, a water flow erosion operation is started, and a deposition operation is started according to the acquired distribution condition data of the upper-layer base in the erosion process, including: collecting acceptance data after the double-layer base of the wet part area is paved; After confirming that the acceptance data meets the preset acceptance requirement, starting water flow erosion operation; Collecting distribution data of natural pebbles in the erosion process, stopping water flow erosion operation and starting deposition operation when the distribution data reach preset distribution requirements; The acceptance data includes lay thickness data and solidity data.
5. The riparian zone staged progressive ecological restoration method as defined in claim 4, wherein the depositing operation comprises: according to river flow velocity, arranging bamboo branch bundles in an array on a double-layer base of the wet part area in an inserted mode, and arranging a water retaining structure outside the bamboo branch bundles; the interval of the array is 7-9 cm; The length of the bamboo branch bundles is 23-27 cm, the lower parts of the bamboo branch bundles are bamboo branches, and the upper parts of the bamboo branch bundles are provided with bamboo branches and leaves; The depth of the bamboo branch bundles inserted into the double-layer base is 15-17 cm, and the length of the exposed water body contacting part is 8-10 cm.
6. The method of staged progressive ecological restoration of a riverbank according to claim 1, wherein arranging bundles of bamboo shoots in an array on a double layer base of the wet end area according to river flow rate comprises: Collecting real-time flow velocity data of a river, recording the collection time, the collection point position and the flow velocity value of the flow velocity data, and determining the arrangement interval and the arrangement mode of the bamboo branch beam array according to the flow velocity data; Pretreating the bamboo branch bundles, and cutting the bamboo branch bundles to a preset length; Marking bamboo branch beam insertion points on the surface of the base of the wet part area according to the determined arrangement distance and arrangement mode, and recording coordinate data of the insertion points; And vertically inserting the bamboo branch bundles into the double-layer base of the wet end area along the marking point positions.
7. The method for staged progressive ecological restoration of a riverbank according to claim 6, wherein the step of laying the aquatic plant lawn on the surface of the deposit layer and setting a plant root fixing structure comprises the steps of: Pre-treating the surface of the deposition layer, wherein the pre-treatment comprises surface scum cleaning, flatness trimming and humidity detection, so as to obtain a substrate environment suitable for paving aquatic plants; determining the laying range and the laying density of the aquatic plant lawns based on the substrate environment, and extracting elevation information and soil characteristic information of the substrate; selecting the adaptive aquatic plant types and planning a lawn paving sequence according to the elevation information and the soil characteristic information; paving the aquatic plants on the surface of the deposition layer according to the planned paving range, density and sequence to form an aquatic plant lawn; and defining a target area in which the plant root needs to be provided with a fixing structure, arranging fixing structure installation points in the target area, attaching and fixing the fixing structure and the plant root, and finishing the setting of the plant root fixing structure.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the aquatic plant species is a native aquatic plant at the bottom of the local riparian zone, and the setting parameters of the fixed structure include a fixed depth, a deployment pitch, and a fit tightness.
9. The method for staged progressive ecological restoration of a riverbank according to claim 1, wherein the steps of observing the rooting state of plants and performing maintenance and repair work comprise: Collecting plant root growth data and plant overall state data, and extracting root system exposure information, rooting length information and plant withering and decaying information; Judging whether the rooting state of the plant reaches the standard or not and making a maintenance and repair planting scheme according to the root system exposure information, the rooting length information and the plant withering and decaying information; Marking plants with unqualified rooting state, carrying out root protection and soil improvement operation according to a maintenance scheme, and removing withered and decayed plants.
10. The method for gradually and progressively restoring ecology in river bank zone according to claim 9, wherein the rooting state standard is judged according to root system rooting depth, root system integrity and plant survival state, and the maintenance and supplementary planting parameters comprise supplementary planting plant spacing, root fixing strength and soil body improvement material consumption.

Description

River bank zone staged progressive ecological restoration method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of a river bank zone, in particular to a staged progressive ecological restoration method of a river bank zone. Background The river bank revetment is a key transition zone of a river ecological system and a land ecological system, not only bears the core engineering functions of resisting water flow scouring, preventing river bank collapse and protecting water and soil resources, but also is an important ecological carrier for maintaining river basin hydrologic regulation, water quality purification and biological habitat supply. River bank plant planting is used as a core technical path of ecological slope protection, ecological functions such as soil fixation, precipitation interception by branches and leaves, community water purification and the like are realized through vegetation roots, the stability of slope protection engineering and the integrity of an ecological system are cooperatively improved, and the river bank plant planting becomes the main stream direction of modern water conservancy ecological restoration. However, the current mainstream river bank protection and plant planting technology still has a plurality of outstanding problems, is difficult to satisfy the comprehensive requirements of hydraulic engineering "safe and stable+ecological friendly": First, conventional hard revetments have ecological limitations. The traditional river bank revetment adopts cement, masonry, concrete and other artificial hard materials, and slope reinforcement is realized by building retaining walls, paving facing and other modes. The technology can improve the scour resistance of the river bank in a short period of time, but essentially forms an ecological gap, on one hand, the hard material completely blocks the substance exchange and hydrologic communication of soil and water, damages the permeability and air permeability of the soil of the river bank, leads to the blockage of underground water circulation and the deterioration of microclimate of the river bank, and on the other hand, the lack of vegetation growing carriers and spaces can not provide habitats for animals and plants, leads to the degradation of the ecological system of the river bank and the sharp reduction of biodiversity, can only realize a single engineering protection function, and completely violates the core requirements of ecological restoration. Meanwhile, the buffer capacity of the hard slope protection to the water flow impact is weak, structural damage such as cracks and collapse is easy to occur under the action of flood or extreme rainfall in the flood season, the later maintenance cost is high, and the repair difficulty is high. Secondly, the traditional plant planting revetment has technical defects. In order to make up for the ecological short plates of the hard revetments, the traditional ecological revetment thought of directly planting plants has been developed, but in practice, obvious defects still exist: 1. the ecological structure is single, the restoration effect is on one side, and the ecological system is mainly planted by adopting single or few herbaceous plants, lacks three-dimensional layering configuration of arbor, shrubs and herbaceous plants, has serious homogenization of vegetation communities, cannot construct a complex ecological system, can only realize local soil fixation effect, and has limited contribution to ecological functions such as water quality purification, biodiversity improvement and the like. 2. The vegetation survival difficulty is high, the community stability is poor, the plant is lack of targeted protection and anchoring measures after being planted, the seedling period is easily influenced by river fluctuation and wave impact, the root system is difficult to stably grow deep into soil, the survival rate is low, continuous and stable vegetation zones are difficult to form due to lack of continuous growth guarantee even if part of the plant survives, and the ecological protection effect is difficult to maintain for a long time. 3. And (3) cutting and cracking the river bank and the river bottom, namely, perpendicularly cutting the topography of the river bank and the river bottom by the hard slope protection, and breaking the continuity of a river gallery to cause disturbance of water flow dynamics characteristics, so that the organic connection between the habitat of the river bottom aquatic organisms and the habitat of the river bank land organisms is lost, and the complete ecological network of the river basin is broken. Therefore, it is necessary to design a staged progressive ecological restoration method for the riverbank to solve the above problems. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides a river bank zone staged progressive ecological restoration method, which aims to solve at least one technical pr