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CN-121993021-A - Kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and drilling method

CN121993021ACN 121993021 ACN121993021 ACN 121993021ACN-121993021-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration equipment, and discloses a kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and a drilling method, wherein the drilling depth reaches the kilometer level, and the drilling torque and the lifting force are the maximum at home and abroad. Comprises a box body, wherein a speed change structure, an input end and an output end are arranged in the box body. The speed change structure is connected with the motor group, and the hydraulic motor executes gear change switching. The upper end of the box body is connected with an output end structure, and the lower end of the box body is connected with a hydraulic motor and an input end structure. The input end structure is provided with an air inlet pipeline, an air ball valve, a blowback connector, an air box and a mud inlet. The output end structure is provided with a mud cooling pipeline and a rock debris discharging pipeline. The control system comprising the data acquisition module, the logic matching module and the action execution module is used for acquiring geological parameters in holes in real time and automatically regulating and controlling mechanical actions of a bottom layer, the hydraulic motor is used for driving the gear shifting shaft and the gear shifting connecting rod to shift the first driving gear to slide to a preset end position along the input shaft to complete separation or physical engagement with the driven gear, so that the power requirements of different processes on rotating speed and torque are met, and the switching of different functions is realized. And the action execution module sends back blowing instructions to switch the air ball valve to guide gas to enter the middle pipeline of the double-wall drill rod and the bottom channel of the drill bit to be discharged outwards to clear the blocking of the middle channel of the drill rod and the blocking in the hole. The heat exchange of the power head box body is completed through the slurry flowing through the cooling pipeline in the box body and flows into the drill holes, so that the cooling and cooling of the power head are completed and the requirements of the slurry circulation process are met. Through switching different pipeline entrance ends and exit ends, realize the three kinds of drilling technology of air reverse circulation, gas lift reverse circulation drilling and rope coring drilling and switch between, satisfy different geological demand.

Inventors

  • WU JINSHENG
  • JIANG XIN
  • QIAN FENG
  • HUANG XIAOLIN
  • WANG HANCHANG

Assignees

  • 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260403

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head is characterized by comprising a box body (1), wherein a speed change structure (6) is arranged in the box body (1), a motor group (4) is arranged at the top of the box body (1), and the output end of the motor group (4) is connected with the input end of the speed change structure (6); The upper part of the box body (1) is provided with an output end structure (2), the output end structure (2) is connected and penetrates through the interior of the box body (1), the lower end of the box body (1) is fixedly connected with a hydraulic motor (5), the lower end of the box body (1) is provided with an input end structure (3), and the input end structure (3) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the output end structure (2); The motor group (4) comprises two plunger variable motors (401) and a low-speed large-torque motor (402), the two plunger variable motors (401) and the low-speed large-torque motor (402) are all arranged on the top side of the box body (1), a first motor port (A1) and a second motor port (B1) are fixedly connected to two sides of the top of the box body (1) respectively, a low-speed motor port (C1) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the top of the box body (1), the two plunger variable motors (401) are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the first motor port (A1) and the second motor port (B1) respectively, and the low-speed large-torque motor (402) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the low-speed motor port (C1).
  2. 2. The kilometer-level multifunctional reverse circulation power head according to claim 1, wherein the speed change structure (6) comprises two plunger variable motor input shafts (601), the two plunger variable motor input shafts (601) are respectively connected to the output ends of the two plunger variable motors (401) in a rotating manner, the output end of the low-speed high-torque motor (402) is respectively connected with a low-speed high-torque input shaft (602), the outer side of the plunger variable motor input shaft (601) is fixedly connected with a second driving gear (604), the outer side of the low-speed high-torque input shaft (602) is slidingly connected with a first driving gear (503), the inner center of the box (1) is rotationally connected with an output shaft (603), the outer side of the output shaft (603) is fixedly connected with a driven gear (605), the second driving gear (604) is connected to the side surface of the driven gear (401) in a meshed manner, the bottom of the box (1) is respectively provided with a first input shaft opening (A2), a second input shaft opening (B2) and a low-speed input shaft (C2) respectively, the two input shafts (C2) are respectively connected to the inner side of the box (2) and the low-speed input shaft (C2) are respectively connected to the low-speed input shaft (C2), the top and the bottom of the box body (1) are respectively provided with a main shaft upper cover opening (D1) and a main shaft lower cover opening (D2) at the center, and the upper end and the lower end of the output shaft (603) respectively penetrate through the inner sides of the main shaft upper cover opening (D1) and the main shaft lower cover opening (D2).
  3. 3. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic motor (5) comprises a gear shifting shaft (501), the gear shifting shaft (501) is rotationally connected to the inner side of the box body (1), a gear shifting connecting rod (502) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the gear shifting shaft (501), the gear shifting connecting rod (502) is in threaded connection with the side surface of the first driving gear (503), an involute slot is formed in the outer side of the low-speed high-torque input shaft (602), the first driving gear (503) is in sliding connection with the inner side of the involute slot, the first driving gear (503) is in meshed connection with the side surface of the driven gear (605), a gear shifting mounting opening (F) is formed in the lower end of the box body (1), and the gear shifting shaft (501) is rotationally connected to the inner side of the gear shifting mounting opening (F).
  4. 4. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 1, wherein the input end structure (3) comprises a slurry inlet (305), the slurry inlet (305) is arranged on the inner side of the input end structure (3), a middle channel and a channel between the inner side and the outer side are arranged in a pipeline of the slurry inlet (305), so that a double-wall drill rod is formed, a reverse blowing connector (303) and a gas box (304) are respectively and fixedly connected to the lower end of the input end structure (3) from top to bottom, and the reverse blowing connector (303) is connected with the gas box (304).
  5. 5. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse-circulation power head according to claim 4, wherein the input end structure (3) further comprises an air inlet pipeline (301), an upper end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301) is fixedly connected to the surface of the blowback connector (303), a lower end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301) is fixedly connected to the surface of the air box (304), and an upper end outlet and a lower end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301) are respectively fixedly connected with an air ball valve (302).
  6. 6. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 1, wherein the output end structure (2) comprises a rock chip discharging pipeline (201), the rock chip discharging pipeline (201) is rotationally connected to the top of the box body (1), a slurry cooling pipeline (202) is installed at the end part of the rock chip discharging pipeline (201), a cooling liquid inlet (E1) and a cooling liquid outlet (E2) are respectively formed in two sides of the box body (1), the slurry cooling pipeline (202) penetrates through the inside of the box body (1), two ends of the slurry cooling pipeline (202) are fixedly connected to the cooling liquid inlet (E1) and the cooling liquid outlet (E2) respectively, and a rotary joint (203) is connected between the rock chip discharging pipeline (201) and the box body (1).
  7. 7. The kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 1, wherein a box cover plate (102) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the box (1), a rope winch traction crown block (103) is fixedly connected to the side surface of the box cover plate (102), a roller (104) is rotatably connected to the side surface of the rope winch traction crown block (103), and a guide rail I-shaped groove (G) is formed in the back side of the box (1).
  8. 8. A method for drilling a kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head, which is characterized by being applied to the kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprising the following steps: Acquiring water content information of the current stratum and rock sample acquisition state information, and inputting the water content information and the rock sample acquisition state information into a control system comprising a data acquisition module, a logic matching module and an action execution module for matching judgment; If the logic matching module judges that the water content information does not exceed a preset normal deslagging threshold value and the rock sample acquisition state information accords with a reverse circulation sampling standard, the action execution module executes an air reverse circulation or gas lift reverse circulation drilling mode, controls the hydraulic motor (5) to act to complete the engagement of the first driving gear (503) and the driven gear (605), starts the low-speed high-torque motor (402) to drive the driven gear (605) to rotate at a low speed and high torque, controls compressed air to be led in from an air inlet pipeline (301) by switching different pipeline inlet ends and outlet ends, enables gas to enter a middle channel of a mud inlet (305) pipeline through a gas box (304), enters the middle channel of a double-layer drill bit, enters the channels of an inner layer part and an outer layer part through holes between the middle part and the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer drill bit after entering the channels of the double-layer drill bit, then runs upwards from the channels between the inner layer and the outer layer of the mud inlet (305) pipeline, and is discharged through a rotary joint (203) and a rock chip discharge pipeline (201), and air reverse circulation or reverse circulation is carried out; If the logic matching module judges that the water content information exceeds a preset normal deslagging threshold value and the rock sample acquisition state information does not accord with the reverse circulation sampling standard, the action execution module executes a rope coring mode, controls the hydraulic motor (5) to act to complete the separation of the first driving gear (503) and the driven gear (605), starts the two plunger variable motors (401) to drive the driven gear (605) to rotate at a high speed and with low torque, starts an external slurry pump to lead slurry into a slurry cooling pipeline (202), and the slurry flows through the interior of the box (1) to complete heat exchange of a power head box and is discharged into a drill hole through a slurry inlet (305) to complete cooling and rope coring drilling of the power head; The data acquisition module continuously monitors drilling parameters and maintains a reverse circulation drilling mode state until geological drilling sampling operation in a corresponding mode is completed, and the action execution module gives a shutdown instruction to close the low-speed large-torque motor (402) and the two plunger variable motors (401).
  9. 9. The drilling method of the kilometer-scale multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 8, wherein the anti-blocking reverse blowing step executed by the action execution module in executing the reverse circulation drilling mode comprises: The data acquisition module acquires wind pressure parameters of the inner side of the air inlet pipeline (301); If the logic matching module judges that the wind pressure parameter is within the range of a preset wind pressure normal value, the action execution module sends a normally closed normally open instruction to control an air ball valve (302) connected with the inner side of an upper end outlet of an air inlet pipeline (301) to be closed and an air ball valve (302) connected with the inner side of a lower end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301) to be opened, and guide compressed air to enter an air box (304) through the lower end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301), then gas enters a mud inlet (305) pipeline, namely a middle channel of a double-wall drill rod, enters a middle channel of a double-layer drill bit, enters a channel of an inner layer part and an outer layer part through a hole between the middle part and the inner part, then upwards runs from the channel between the inner part and the outer part of the mud inlet pipeline, and is discharged through a rotary joint (203) and a rock debris discharging pipeline (201); If the logic matching module judges that the wind pressure parameter is greater than the preset wind pressure maximum value, the action execution module issues a back-blowing instruction, controls an air ball valve (302) connected to the inner side of an upper end outlet of an air inlet pipeline (301) to be opened, and controls the air ball valve (302) connected to the inner side of a lower end outlet of the air inlet pipeline (301) to be closed, cuts off compressed air entering an air box (304), guides the compressed air to pass through a back-blowing connector (303), enables gas to enter a mud inlet (305) pipeline, namely a middle channel of a double-wall drill rod and enter the middle of the double-layer drill bit, enables the gas to flow outwards and enter an inner channel and an outer channel of the double-layer drill bit, then discharges the gas to the outside of the double-layer drill bit, and cleans the pipeline, thereby carrying out on-line treatment on blocking accidents of the middle channel of the drill rod and blocking in a hole.
  10. 10. The method of drilling a kilometer-scale multifunction multi-process reverse circulation power head according to claim 8, wherein the step of the action execution module controlling the hydraulic motor (5) to execute the shift of the mode switch includes: the action execution module acquires a mode switching instruction and interrupts the hydraulic power input of the two plunger variable motors (401) and the low-speed high-torque motor (402); the action execution module drives the hydraulic motor (5) to start, and the hydraulic motor (5) drives the gear shifting shaft (501) to axially displace at the inner side of the gear shifting mounting opening (F); The gear shifting shaft (501) drives the gear shifting connecting rod (502) to synchronously move, and the gear shifting connecting rod (502) toggles the first driving gear (503) to slide along an involute slot outside the low-speed high-torque input shaft (602); the first driving gear (503) moves to a preset end position to complete meshing action with the driven gear (605), and the action execution module sends a stop instruction to turn off the hydraulic motor (5).

Description

Kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and drilling method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration equipment, in particular to a kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and a drilling method. Background Geological exploration drilling operations are often faced with complex formation environments. Different geological conditions require different drilling processes. Air reverse circulation sampling drilling and gas lift reverse circulation drilling require a power head to provide low rotation speed and high torque, and rope coring drilling requires the power head to provide high rotation speed and low torque. Existing powerheads typically employ a single fixed ratio configuration. When facing complex formations, a single drive mode power head cannot meet the power requirements of three (or more) drilling processes simultaneously. The constructor needs to replace the whole power head equipment or the drilling machine halfway. The replacement of equipment occupies a large amount of operation time, and the exploration cost is increased. In the air reverse circulation and gas lift reverse circulation drilling process, the high-pressure mixed air flow containing rock debris is discharged along the inner channel of the double-wall drill rod. When the breaking amount of the underground rock layer exceeds the slag discharging capacity of the pipeline or the stratum is wet and water-containing, the phenomenon of rock sample accumulation blocking easily occurs in the inner channel of the double-wall drill rod and outside the drill rod. Existing devices lack an online drilling dredging mechanism. Once blocking occurs, an operator can only stop drilling, and all drilling tools are lifted to the ground surface for manual disassembly and cleaning. Frequent tripping of the drilling tool slows down the progress of the project. The rope coring drilling process requires the power head to maintain high speed operation for a long period of time. Internal drive gear friction generates a significant amount of heat. The conventional cooling mode is to additionally install an independent cooling water jacket and a fan outside the power head. The external cooling means increases the overall volume of the device, resulting in a bulky structure. The external cooling system employs a separate circulating fluid without integrating the cooling medium with the drilling fluid system. The peripheral pipeline layout of the power head is complicated due to the simultaneous existence of a plurality of sets of circulating pipelines, and the integration level of the whole equipment is reduced. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and a drilling method, and solves the problems that the prior power head has a fixed transmission ratio, the power requirements of different drilling processes cannot be met, the equipment needs to be replaced, an on-line dredging mechanism is lacked when a pipeline is blocked, the drilling must be stopped, the disassembly and the cleaning are performed, and an external independent cooling device is adopted, so that the whole machine is enlarged and the pipeline layout is complicated. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and the drilling method comprise a box body, wherein a speed change structure is arranged in the box body, a motor group is arranged at the top of the box body, and the output end of the motor group is connected with the input end of the speed change structure; the upper part of the box body is provided with an output end structure, the output end structure is connected with and penetrates through the interior of the box body, the lower end of the box body is fixedly connected with a hydraulic motor, the lower end of the box body is provided with an input end structure, and the input end structure is fixedly connected with the lower end of the output end structure; The motor group comprises two plunger variable motors and a low-speed high-torque motor, the two plunger variable motors and the low-speed high-torque motor are all arranged on the top side of the box body, a first motor port and a second motor port are respectively and fixedly connected to two sides of the top of the box body, a low-speed motor port is fixedly connected to the rear side of the top of the box body, the two plunger variable motors are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper ends of the first motor port and the second motor port, and the low-speed high-torque motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the low-speed motor port. Preferably, the speed change structure comprises two plunger variable motor input shafts, the two plunger variable motor input shafts are