CN-121993022-A - Downhole adjustable impact drilling tool

CN121993022ACN 121993022 ACN121993022 ACN 121993022ACN-121993022-A

Abstract

The invention relates to an underground adjustable impact drilling tool which comprises a supporting cylinder, a rotary power structure, a motion conversion structure, a drill bit structure and a controller, wherein the rotary power structure comprises a first drilling fluid channel and a screw rod, the screw rod can rotate under the driving of drilling fluid impact, the motion conversion structure is used for converting the rotation motion of the screw rod into axial impact motion and comprises an upper reverser, a lower reverser and a moving block, the upper reverser is matched with the lower reverser to convert the rotation motion of the screw rod into the axial impact motion of the moving block, the moving block is internally provided with a control block, the control block is used for adjusting the extending quantity of the lower reverser to change the axial impact frequency axial impact conduction structure of the moving block and comprises an impact shaft for transmitting the axial impact of the moving block downwards. According to the invention, the frequency of the impact tool can be regulated according to the lithology characteristics of rock of different stratum, so that the drill bit achieves the optimal rock breaking effect, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved, and the working life of the drill bit is prolonged.

Inventors

WAN FULEI
XU BIN
QIAO LIHUA
YU LAIHONG
LI LANPENG
WANG NAN
FENG JUNXIONG
LEI YANBO
ZHU GONGSHENG
CHEN KUAN

Assignees

中国石油天然气集团有限公司
中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20241108

Claims (17)

1. A downhole adjustable impact drilling tool, comprising: a support cylinder with an opening at the top end and a closed bottom end; The rotary power structure is arranged in the supporting cylinder and comprises a first drilling fluid channel and a screw rod arranged at the center of the supporting cylinder, and the screw rod can rotate under the driving of drilling fluid impact; The motion conversion structure is arranged in the supporting cylinder and used for converting the rotation motion of the screw into axial impact motion, and comprises an upper reverser, a lower reverser and a moving block which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the upper reverser is eccentrically arranged relative to the supporting cylinder and can rotate along with the screw, the moving block is provided with a plurality of lower reversers which can extend upwards or retract downwards, the lower reverser is eccentrically arranged relative to the supporting cylinder, and the upper reverser is matched with the lower reverser to convert the rotation motion of the screw into the axial impact motion of the moving block; The axial impact conduction structure comprises an impact shaft for transmitting the axial impact of the moving block downwards, and a third drilling fluid channel communicated with the second drilling fluid channel is arranged in the axial impact conduction structure; the drill bit structure is connected below the axial impact conducting structure and is used for axially impacting and crushing rock; and the controller is electrically connected with the control block.
2. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the moving block is provided with a commutator accommodating groove, each lower commutator is arranged in the commutator accommodating groove, a control block accommodating groove is arranged on the radial outer side wall of the commutator accommodating groove, the control block is arranged in the control block accommodating groove, the control block is connected with a plurality of telescopic heads, the side wall of each lower commutator is provided with a limiting groove, each telescopic head is respectively corresponding to each limiting groove, when the control block controls the telescopic heads to extend out of the moving block and be fixed, and when the control block controls the telescopic heads to retract, the corresponding lower commutators can move up and down along the commutator accommodating grooves.
3. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 2, wherein a lower portion of the traveling block is provided with a power source and the controller, the power source being electrically connected to the controller and the control block to provide electrical power.
4. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 3, wherein a first spring is disposed below each of the lower diverters, the first springs being disposed in opposite ends thereof against the bottom surface of the lower diverters and the top surface of the power source, respectively, the first springs being configured to control rebound and recovery of the lower diverters.
5. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 2, wherein a fixed sleeve is fixedly arranged in the supporting cylinder, the moving block is arranged in the fixed sleeve, a spline is arranged on the outer wall of the moving block, a spline groove is arranged on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve, and the spline sliding sleeve is arranged in the spline groove so that the moving block can axially move along the fixed sleeve.
6. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an outer sleeve is fixedly sleeved in the supporting cylinder, the inner wall surface of the outer sleeve is in a wavy shape, the screw rod is in a spiral shape, an annular channel which is axially communicated is arranged between the inner wall of the outer sleeve and the screw rod, the annular channel forms the first drilling fluid channel, and the inner wall of the outer sleeve and the screw rod are in spiral fit so that when drilling fluid passes through the annular channel, force for driving the screw rod to rotate is generated to drive the screw rod to rotate.
7. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 6, wherein a reversing shaft is connected to the bottom end of the screw, the reversing shaft being configured to convert non-concentric movement of the bottom end of the screw into concentric movement.
8. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 7, wherein the lower part of the reversing shaft is connected with a rotary head through a connecting disc, the upper reversing device is connected to the bottom end of the rotary head, a connecting disc through hole communicated with the first drilling fluid channel is formed in the connecting disc, the rotary head is used for transmitting the rotary motion of the reversing shaft to the upper reversing device, a rotary head through hole communicated with the connecting disc through hole is formed in the rotary head, and the connecting disc through hole and the rotary head through hole are used for drilling fluid circulation.
9. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 8, wherein the outer wall of the rotary head is sleeved with a first bearing and a second bearing, the outer ring of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the supporting cylinder, the inner ring of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the rotary head, the first bearing is used for righting the rotary head, the outer ring of the second bearing is fixedly connected to the supporting cylinder, the inner ring of the second bearing is fixedly connected to the rotary head, and the second bearing is used for righting the rotary head and bears axial force.
10. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 8 wherein the upper diverter comprises an upper cam fixedly connected to the bottom end of the swivel head, the upper cam being eccentrically disposed with respect to the support barrel and extending from top to bottom, the lower diverter comprises a lower cam telescopically disposed within the traveling block, the lower cam being eccentrically disposed with respect to the support barrel and extending from bottom to top.
11. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 2, wherein the axial impact conducting structure further comprises a drive shaft disposed below the moving block, a cardan shaft disposed below the drive shaft, the impact shaft disposed below the cardan shaft, the cardan shaft for avoiding eccentric wear between the drive shaft and the impact shaft, the cardan shaft having a smaller diameter than the drive shaft and the impact shaft, and a second spring disposed between the drive shaft and an end face of the impact shaft, the second spring being capable of providing an upward return force to the moving block and for cushioning the impact.
12. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool as claimed in claim 11, wherein a first step part with a reduced diameter is arranged in the supporting cylinder, a convex ring part with an increased diameter is arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the impact shaft, and the bottom surface of the convex ring part is in abutting joint with the first step part.
13. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 12, wherein a second stepped portion having a reduced diameter is disposed in the support barrel below the first stepped portion, and a third spring is disposed between the collar portion and the second stepped portion in abutment, the third spring being configured to provide a rebound force to the impact shaft and to cushion the impact.
14. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a sealing barrel is sleeved at the bottom end of the supporting barrel, a sealing barrel central hole is formed in the center of the sealing barrel, the impact shaft is sealed and penetrates through the sealing barrel central hole, and a sealing structure is arranged between the side wall of the sealing barrel central hole and the outer wall of the impact shaft.
15. The downhole adjustable impact drilling tool of claim 14, wherein the seal comprises a packing structure, an O-ring, and a combination seal spaced from top to bottom.
16. A downhole adjustable impact drilling tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drill bit structure comprises a drill bit body connected below the impact shaft, cutting teeth being provided on the drill bit body, a fourth drilling fluid passage being provided in the drill bit body in communication with the third drilling fluid passage.
17. A downhole adjustable impact drilling tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top end of the support cylinder is connected to a filter structure, the filter structure comprising a filter screen cylinder connected to the top end of the support cylinder, a filter screen being arranged in the filter screen cylinder, the filter screen being arranged to filter particulate matter in the drilling fluid.

Description

Downhole adjustable impact drilling tool Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to an underground adjustable impact drilling tool. Background Along with the gradual expansion of oil and gas resources to deep layers, the number of deep drilling wells is gradually increased. In the deep drilling process, the problems of drilling are more and more complex, the hardness of rock is continuously increased due to the increase of well depth, the drillability is gradually deteriorated, and the mechanical drilling speed and the service life of the drill bit are not ideal, so that a technical method for improving the deep mechanical drilling speed and reducing the damage of the drill bit is needed. The national and international theories and experimental researches show that by applying a certain impact action to the drill bit, the impact rock breaking energy of the drill bit can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the occurrence of the stick-slip vibration phenomenon of the drill bit is reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency and the service life of the drill bit can be effectively improved. The impact frequency and other parameters of the existing impact tool are basically fixed after entering a well, cannot be adjusted in real time, and different formation lithologies need different optimal impact frequencies for complex formation conditions, so if the impact frequency of the tool can be adjusted in real time according to the different formation lithologies and drilling parameters in the well, the drill bit can achieve the optimal rock breaking effect, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is obviously improved, the working life of the drill bit is prolonged, and the applicability of the impact tool is improved. Accordingly, the present inventors have developed a downhole adjustable impact drilling tool to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by years of experience and practice in the relevant industry. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an underground adjustable impact drilling tool, which can realize the optimal rock breaking effect of a drill bit by adjusting the frequency of the impact tool according to the rock lithology characteristics of different strata, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit and prolonging the service life of the drill bit. The object of the invention is achieved by a downhole adjustable impact drilling tool comprising: a support cylinder with an opening at the top end and a closed bottom end; The rotary power structure is arranged in the supporting cylinder and comprises a first drilling fluid channel and a screw rod arranged at the center of the supporting cylinder, and the screw rod can rotate under the driving of drilling fluid impact; The motion conversion structure is arranged in the supporting cylinder and used for converting the rotation motion of the screw into axial impact motion, and comprises an upper reverser, a lower reverser and a moving block which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the upper reverser is eccentrically arranged relative to the supporting cylinder and can rotate along with the screw, the moving block is provided with a plurality of lower reversers which can extend upwards or retract downwards, the lower reverser is eccentrically arranged relative to the supporting cylinder, and the upper reverser is matched with the lower reverser to convert the rotation motion of the screw into the axial impact motion of the moving block; The axial impact conduction structure comprises an impact shaft for transmitting the axial impact of the moving block downwards, and a third drilling fluid channel communicated with the second drilling fluid channel is arranged in the axial impact conduction structure; the drill bit structure is connected below the axial impact conducting structure and is used for axially impacting and crushing rock; and the controller is electrically connected with the control block. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a commutator accommodating groove is formed in the moving block, each lower commutator is arranged in the commutator accommodating groove, a control block accommodating groove is formed in the radial outer side wall of the commutator accommodating groove, the control block is arranged in the control block accommodating groove, a plurality of telescopic heads are connected to the control block, a limiting groove is formed in the side wall of each lower commutator, each telescopic head is respectively and correspondingly arranged with each limiting groove, when the control block controls the telescopic heads to extend and clamp in the limiting grooves, the corresponding lower commutators extend and are exposed out of the moving block and are fixed, and when the control block controls the telescopic heads to retract, the corresponding lower commutators can move up and down along the commutator accommod