CN-121993041-A - Laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking quick drilling tool under high-altitude high-stress environment

CN121993041ACN 121993041 ACN121993041 ACN 121993041ACN-121993041-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool in a high-altitude high-stress environment, and relates to the technical field of drilling tools. According to the invention, the problem of low efficiency caused by the fixation of cooperative parameters of the existing equipment is solved by dynamically adjusting laser power, drilling tool rotating speed, axial pressure and cooperative time sequence through a PID algorithm based on real-time acquisition of stratum stress, hardness and high-altitude environmental parameters, oxygen is supplemented in real time according to oxygen content through an oxygen mixing valve, power fluctuation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is reduced when the oxygen content is 12% -21%, the temperature of a laser module is less than or equal to 60 ℃ and the temperature of an electronic element is more than or equal to 0 ℃ through vacuum insulation board, air cooling and water cooling composite heat dissipation, and laser divergence and low-temperature icing caused by low air pressure are avoided through an adjustable focal length condenser and a heating ice removing film.

Inventors

HE ZHIQIANG
LUO CHANGYUAN
ZHOU XUEMIN
YANG LEI
Yang Zundong
ZHAO XIYUAN
TANG RUIFENG
He Kunchen
WANG YUNLONG
ZHANG YANG

Assignees

四川大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260213

Claims (10)

1. The laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool comprises a drill rod main body (1) and a mechanical drilling tool module (3), wherein the mechanical drilling tool module (3) is arranged on one side of the drill rod main body (1); The novel mechanical drill is characterized in that a laser generation module (2) is coaxially arranged at the front end of the drill rod main body (1), a cooperative control module (4) is arranged at the outer side of the drill rod main body (1), an environment adaptation module (5) is wrapped at the outer side of the laser generation module (2), a stress monitoring module (6) is embedded in the mechanical drilling tool module (3), a chip removal module (7) is arranged at the outer side of the drill rod main body (1), and a channel structure of the chip removal module (7) is connected with the drill rod main body (1) and the mechanical drilling tool module (3).
2. The laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool in the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein three layers of channels are arranged in the drill rod main body (1), an outer layer is a negative pressure chip removal channel, the diameter is 20mm, a middle layer is a cable channel, the diameter is 10mm, an inner layer is a cooling waterway channel, the diameter is 8mm, a spiral guide groove is formed in the outer wall of the drill rod main body (1), and a lead is 50mm and is used for assisting chip removal.
3. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool in the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the drill rod main body (1) is made of 42CrMo alloy steel, and the front end of the drill rod main body (1) and the mechanical drilling tool module (3) form a detachable connection structure through a spline.
4. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool in the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the laser generation module (2) adopts three groups of fiber lasers, each fiber laser is provided with an adjustable focal length collecting lens, a heating ice removing film is arranged on the outer side of each collecting lens, and the three groups of fiber lasers are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer side of the front end of the mechanical drilling tool module (3) to form an annular laser action area with the diameter of 10-15 mm.
5. The rapid drilling tool for laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking under high altitude and high stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical drilling tool module (3) adopts a 6-tooth PDC drill bit, the drilling tooth material is a polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide composite sheet, and the surface of the drilling tooth of the mechanical drilling tool module (3) is sprayed with And the mechanical drilling tool module (3) is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor through a speed reducer, and the reduction ratio of the mechanical drilling tool module is 5:1.
6. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool in the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the cooperative control module (4) adopts a singlechip, the singlechip compares acquired parameters with a preset threshold value, PWM signals are output to adjust laser power, motor rotation speed and cylinder pressure, and meanwhile, the working states of the environment adaptation module (5) and the chip removal module (7) are controlled.
7. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool under the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the environment adaptation module (5) comprises a low-temperature heat insulation component, a low-oxygen power compensation component and a laser radiating component, the low-temperature heat insulation component is a vacuum heat insulation board composed of a glass fiber core material and an aluminum foil composite film, a temperature sensor is arranged in the low-temperature heat insulation component and is used for wrapping the laser module and a motor, the oxygen power compensation component is provided with an oxygen mixing valve at an air inlet of the motor and supplements oxygen according to oxygen content sensor data and is used for ensuring power stability of the motor, the laser radiating component is composed of an air cooling fan and a water cooling channel, the air cooling fan is arranged at the outer side of the laser generation module (2), and the water cooling channel is communicated with a cooling waterway of a drill rod main body (1) and is wound on a laser shell.
8. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool in a high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the stress monitoring module (6) comprises a stress sensor and a hardness sensor, the stress sensor is embedded into the root of a drilling tooth and is used for collecting the contact stress of the drilling tooth and a rock stratum in real time, the hardness sensor probe is arranged on the outer side of the laser generating module (2), the rock stratum hardness is calculated through ultrasonic reflection waves, and the stress monitoring module (6) adopts an RS485 bus to transmit data to the cooperative control module (4).
9. The laser-drilling tool joint rock breaking rapid drilling tool under the high-altitude high-stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the chip removing module (7) comprises a negative pressure generating component and a chip removing channel, the negative pressure generating component adopts a high-altitude vacuum pump (8), the chip removing channel consists of an outer layer negative pressure chip removing channel of a drill rod main body (1), three chip sucking ports at the front end of a drill bit and a chip removing pipe at the rear end, and a filter screen is arranged at the chip sucking ports and used for preventing large-particle rock chips from being blocked.
10. A method of laser-drill combined rock breaking and fast drilling in a high altitude and high stress environment based on the tool of any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of: Step one: (a) Starting a total power supply of the equipment, initializing a cooperative control module (4), and collecting current environmental parameters by an environmental sensor, wherein the altitude H, the temperature T and the oxygen content O; (b) If H is more than or equal to 4000m and O is less than 18%, the environment adaptation module (5) starts an oxygen mixing valve to supplement oxygen to O=18%, and if T is less than-10 ℃, starts an electric heating wire and a vacuum insulation board, and increases the internal temperature of the equipment to 5 ℃; (c) The laser generating module (2) is started to preheat, and the vacuum pump is started at the same time, so that the chip removal channel forms negative pressure; Step two: (a) The mechanical drilling tool module (3) slowly contacts the rock stratum, and the stress sensor acquires initial stress The hardness sensor acquires the hardness of the rock stratum ; (B) The cooperative control module (4) is based on And Setting initial cooperative parameters; step three: (a) The laser generating module (2) outputs laser according to set power, and three lasers act on the rock stratum simultaneously to form an annular melting area; (b) After delaying for 0.5-2s, the mechanical drilling tool module (3) follows according to the set rotating speed and pressure, and the stratum around the molten zone is crushed; (c) During drilling, the stress sensor and the hardness sensor acquire data once every 100ms, and the cooperative control module 4 compares sigma with sigma in real time Real-time H ; (D) The chip removal module (7) adjusts the power of the vacuum pump in real time according to sigma, wherein the larger the sigma is in real time, the higher the power of the vacuum pump is, so that the rock chips are discharged in time; (e) The environmental sensor collects data once every 5s, if T is more than 60 ℃ and the laser module is overheated, a water cooling channel is started to enhance heat dissipation, and if O is less than 16%, the oxygen supplementing amount is increased; Step four: (a) If the stress sensor collects sigma of more than 180MPa (ultrahigh pressure and rock burst risk), the cooperative control module (4) immediately instructs the laser power to be lifted to the maximum and the drilling speed to be reduced to the minimum, and simultaneously sends out rock burst early warning; (b) If the current of the motor is more than 30A (drilling tool stuck), immediately stopping the rotation of the drilling tool, increasing the power of the vacuum pump to 100%, continuously cleaning rock fragments for 10 seconds, and stopping the machine if the current still exceeds the standard; (c) And after drilling to a preset depth, firstly closing the laser generation module (2), after delaying for 5 seconds, closing the drilling tool and the vacuum pump, and finally closing the environment adaptation module (5), thereby completing the drilling.

Description

Laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking quick drilling tool under high-altitude high-stress environment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to a laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool under a high-altitude high-stress environment. Background In the projects of mineral exploration and tunnel construction at high altitude (such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the like), the double challenges of high altitude environment and high stress rock stratum are faced, 1. The high altitude environment is characterized in that the oxygen content of an area above altitude 4000m is only 60-70% of that of a plain area, the temperature is usually between-20 ℃ and 10 ℃, the air pressure is low and is lower than 0.6atm, so that equipment heat dissipation is difficult, the efficiency of a power system is reduced, and the laser energy attenuation is fast; the traditional rock breaking and drilling technology is mainly divided into three types, namely 1, a mechanical drilling tool, namely, a PDC drill bit is used as a core, and axial pressure is applied to break rock by rotating a drill rod, so that the rock breaking and drilling technology has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, rapid abrasion in a high-stress hard rock stratum and low drilling efficiency; 2, single laser rock breaking equipment, which adopts an optical fiber laser or a fiber laser The laser, melt/vaporize the stratum and form the crack through the laser energy, the advantage is no mechanical abrasion, the disadvantage is that the energy consumption is high, deep drilling ability is weak, and the high altitude low air pressure can lead to the laser energy attenuation; Namely, the prior art has the following defects in the using process: the cooperative parameters are fixed, the rock breaking efficiency is extremely low due to the fact that the cooperative parameters cannot be adapted to the high-altitude high-stress environment, the equipment has poor environmental adaptability, frequent faults and short continuous working time, and meanwhile, the chip removing capability is weak, the drilling sticking and the rock burst are easy to be initiated, and a certain optimization space is provided, so that a laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool under a high-altitude high-stress environment needs to be designed to solve the problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking quick drilling tool under a high-altitude high-stress environment, so as to solve the problems of fixed cooperative parameters, poor equipment environment adaptability and weak chip removal capability in the background technology. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the technical scheme that the laser-drilling tool combined rock breaking rapid drilling tool in the high-altitude high-stress environment comprises a drill rod main body and a mechanical drilling tool module, wherein one side of the drill rod main body is provided with the mechanical drilling tool module; The front end of the drill rod main body is coaxially provided with a laser generation module, the outer side of the drill rod main body is provided with a cooperative control module, the outer side of the laser generation module is wrapped with an environment adaptation module, the inside of the mechanical drilling tool module is embedded with a stress monitoring module, the outer side of the drill rod main body is provided with a chip removal module, and a channel structure of the chip removal module is connected with the drill rod main body and the mechanical drilling tool module. Further, the inside of drilling rod main part is provided with the three-layer passageway, and wherein outer is negative pressure chip removal passageway, and the diameter is 20mm, and the middle level is cable channel, and the diameter is 10mm, and the inlayer is cooling water route passageway, and the diameter is 8mm, the outer wall of drilling rod main part sets up spiral guide way, and the helical pitch is 50mm for supplementary chip removal. Further, the drill rod main body is made of 42CrMo alloy steel, and the front end of the drill rod main body and the mechanical drilling tool module form a detachable connection structure through a spline. Furthermore, the laser generation module adopts three groups of optical fiber lasers, each optical fiber laser is provided with an adjustable focal length condenser, the outer side of the condenser is provided with a heating ice removing film, and the three groups of optical fiber lasers are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer side of the front end of the mechanical drilling tool module to form an annular laser action area with the diameter of 10-15 mm. Further, the mechanical drilling tool module adopts a 6-tooth PDC drill bit, the drilling tooth is made of polycrystalline diamond-tungsten carbide compo