CN-121993084-A - Oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism, oil well setting and unlocking device and packer

CN121993084ACN 121993084 ACN121993084 ACN 121993084ACN-121993084-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism, an oil well setting and unlocking device and a packer, and relates to the technical field of petroleum exploitation equipment, through the axial sliding of the ball seat unlocking mechanism in the sliding space in the cylinder sleeve, the shear pin modules which are arranged in a multistage and spaced mode are sequentially sheared, and then the multi-ring unidirectional inclined meshing teeth are gradually opened, the reliable graded bearing and sequential release in the pressure holding process are realized. When the ball is not thrown in place or the pressure fluctuation is small, the multistage resistance of the shear pin module can effectively prevent the ball seat from sliding too early and greatly, so that early unlocking or misoperation is avoided, and the opening unlocking of the engagement teeth is triggered only after the pressure is continuously accumulated and the shearing strength of all shear pins is sequentially overcome, so that the unlocking time is accurately controlled, and the adaptability to the underground complex pressure environment is improved.

Inventors

YANG MINGHUI
HUANG FEIYUE
Nurzati Ilzati
ZHANG TAO
YU HAILONG
ZHANG SHIJIE
XUE YANG
Rexiding Abulimiti
Bilali Aizi River

Assignees

克拉玛依市红都有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260410

Claims (10)

1. An oil well pressure holding release mechanism, which is characterized by comprising: The hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder sleeve, wherein a first connecting position and a second connecting position are respectively formed at the top and the bottom of the cylinder sleeve, the first connecting position can be connected with an external hydraulic cylinder, a sliding space penetrating through the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve is formed in the cylinder sleeve, shear pin modules are arranged in the area, close to the second connecting position, of the sliding space, and the shear pin modules are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve; The first locking mechanism is arranged at the second connecting position and comprises a first unlocking part and a first locking part, a first through hole which is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding space is formed on the first unlocking part, a second through hole which is communicated with the first through hole and is consistent with the extending direction is formed on the first locking part, multiple rings of occluding teeth which are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the multiple rings are formed on the side wall of the first unlocking part in the first through hole, the occluding teeth are inclined towards the direction of the first connecting position, a ratchet ring which is arranged corresponding to the occluding teeth is formed on the periphery of the first locking part, the inclined direction of the ratchet ring is opposite to the inclined direction of the occluding teeth, and The ball seat unlocking mechanism is slidably arranged in the sliding space and is positioned at one end of the shear pin module close to the first connecting position, a liquid flowing channel consistent with the extending direction of the cylinder sleeve is formed in the ball seat unlocking mechanism in a penetrating manner, and a ball groove is formed at one end of the ball seat unlocking mechanism facing the first connecting position; When the first external ball throwing seat is sealed in the ball groove and seals off the fluid flow channel to build pressure, the ball seat unlocking mechanism slides along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve in the sliding space, sequentially shears the shear pin module, and sequentially stretches the engagement teeth, so that the first unlocking part and the first locking part are unlocked.
2. The oil well holding pressure unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the first locking component comprises a sleeve body, the second through hole is formed in the sleeve body, multiple rings of ratchet rings are in interference fit on the outer wall of the sleeve body, all the ratchet rings are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction of the sleeve body, and the diameters of all the ratchet rings are gradually decreased in a direction away from the first unlocking component.
3. The oil well holding pressure unlocking mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the first unlocking component comprises a plurality of first pawls, all the first pawls are circumferentially distributed at intervals at the second connection position, all the first pawls extend along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve in a direction away from the second connection position, and one end of each first pawl away from the second connection position is provided with the engagement teeth which are consistent in number and in one-to-one corresponding engagement fit with the ratchet ring; When the first external ball throwing seat is sealed in the ball groove and seals off the flowing liquid channel to hold pressure, and the ball seat unlocking mechanism sequentially shears the shear pin module, all the first pawls are opened to unlock with the ratchet ring sequentially.
4. The oil well holding pressure unlocking mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the shear pin module comprises shear pin rings, the number of which is consistent with that of the ratchet rings, all the shear pin rings are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve, the interval between any two adjacent shear pin rings is consistent with that between any two adjacent ratchet rings, and each shear pin ring is provided with a plurality of shear pin pieces distributed at intervals along the circumference of the sliding space; the tee unlocking mechanism includes: A seat body slidably mounted in the sliding space, the side of the seat body facing the first connection position being recessed in the direction of the second connection position to form the ball groove, and The unlocking rods are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction at one end of the seat body facing the second connecting position, avoiding channels which are consistent with the number of the shear nails and correspond to the shear nails one by one are formed between the unlocking rods, all the unlocking rods are integrally formed with the seat body, the extending direction of the unlocking rods is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding space, and the unlocking rods can follow the seat body to slide in the sliding space.
5. An oil well setting and unsetting device, wherein the oil well setting and unsetting device is disposed through an external downhole casing, the oil well setting and unsetting device comprising: The oil well holding pressure unlocking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4; The hydraulic cylinder body is arranged at one end of the cylinder sleeve of the oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism; The cylinder sleeve is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the central tube, a third connecting position is formed at one end, far away from the oil well, of the central tube, the third connecting position can be connected with an external tubular column, an abutting seat is in interference fit with the periphery, close to the third connecting position, of the central tube, a pressure holding ball seat is arranged in a tube cavity, close to the third connecting position, of the central tube, and the pressure holding ball seat is arranged in the tube cavity, close to the third connecting position, of the central tube, and The anchoring mechanism is sleeved on the periphery of the central tube and is positioned between the pressure-holding unlocking mechanism and the abutting seat, one end of the anchoring mechanism is connected with one end of the cylinder sleeve, which is far away from the hydraulic cylinder body, and the other end of the anchoring mechanism is abutted to the abutting seat, and the anchoring mechanism is in a compressed and folded anchoring state and an unlocking state with prolonged reset; When the second external ball throwing seat is set on the pressure-building ball seat to build pressure, the hydraulic cylinder drives the oil well pressure-building unlocking mechanism to move towards the direction of the third connecting position, so that the anchoring mechanism is switched to the anchoring state and anchored on the wall of the underground casing; When the first external ball throwing seat is sealed in the ball groove and seals off the flowing liquid channel to build pressure, the ball seat unlocking mechanism enables the first unlocking part and the first locking part to be unlocked, so that the anchoring mechanism is switched from the anchoring state to the unlocking state and is unsealed.
6. The well setting and unsetting apparatus of claim 5, wherein said anchoring mechanism comprises: The connecting seat is sleeved on the periphery of the central tube in a sliding manner and is connected with the first locking component, and an installation position is formed at one end, far away from the first locking component, of the connecting seat; one end of the elastic reset piece is connected with the installation position, and the elastic reset piece extends towards the abutting seat along the length direction of the central tube; a pressure transmission sleeve sleeved on the periphery of the central tube, one end of the pressure transmission sleeve is connected with the connecting seat, the other end is in sliding fit with the abutting seat, and The setting anchor assembly is arranged on the periphery of the pressure transmission sleeve and is close to the abutting seat, and the elastic reset piece extends to be connected with the setting anchor assembly; When the second external ball throwing seat is set on the pressure-holding ball seat to hold pressure, the hydraulic cylinder drives the oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism to drive the connecting seat to move towards the direction of the third connecting position, so that the pressure transmission sleeve is contracted, and when the pressure transmission sleeve is abutted against the pipe wall of the underground casing, the setting anchoring assembly extends out and is anchored on the pipe wall of the underground casing; when the first external ball throwing seat is arranged in the ball groove and seals off the flowing liquid channel to hold pressure, the ball seat unlocking mechanism enables the first unlocking part and the first locking part to be unlocked, and the elastic reset piece drives the setting anchoring assembly to retract and unlock.
7. The oil well setting and unsetting device of claim 6, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are formed at the mounting position, the plurality of mounting holes are circumferentially distributed on the connecting seat at intervals, and the elastic resetting pieces are consistent in number and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the mounting holes.
8. The oil well setting and unsetting device of claim 7, wherein the pressure transfer sleeve is of unitary construction having an array of folded grooves formed therein.
9. The well setting and unsetting apparatus of claim 7, wherein said pressure transfer sleeve comprises an extrusion deformation zone and a bite zone connected in sequence; the set anchor assembly includes: the rubber cylinder is sleeved on the periphery of the extrusion deformation zone, can extend out and be attached to the inner wall of the underground sleeve in a following way when the pressure transmission sleeve is folded and extruded, and The anchoring blocks are distributed in the occlusion area along the circumferential array, and all the anchoring blocks can extend out along the radial direction when the pressure transmission sleeve contracts and abuts against the wall of the underground casing so as to be anchored on the wall of the underground casing.
10. A packer comprising an oil well setting and unsetting device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, an upper sub, a release and a lower sub, said release, said upper sub, said oil well setting and unsetting device and said lower sub being connected in sequence.

Description

Oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism, oil well setting and unlocking device and packer Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploitation equipment, in particular to an oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism, an oil well setting and unsetting device and a packer. Background The packer is a common device for flushing, separate water injection and separate oil pumping in oil well operation. In use, the packer is typically connected with other functional tubing sections and tubing to form a string from the well formed by the borehole down to the well, and after the packer has completed the setting operation, a corresponding downhole operation is performed. In the prior art, when the packer placed underground needs to be subjected to setting operation, a pressure-holding mode is generally adopted, and the specific process is that after the packer is in place, a ball is thrown from the position of a tubular column at a wellhead, after the ball is thrown into the position of a ball seat at the bottom of the packer, the ball is pressed, in the pressure holding process, a hydraulic cylinder above the packer drives a rubber cylinder of the packer to move downwards and extrude, and simultaneously, a claw on the packer stretches out and is clamped on the inner wall of a sleeve, so that the setting and sealing operation is completed. When a packer in a set state needs to be unset, a lifting string is usually required, so that a corresponding structure above the packer can shear pins at corresponding positions in the process of lifting the string, and further a rubber sleeve and slips can retract and complete the unset operation. Although the setting and unsetting functions of the packer can be realized in the prior art, when the packer is set and unset in the prior art, the phenomenon of false unlocking or setting/releasing in advance easily occurs, and the phenomenon is influenced by underground pressure fluctuation, tiny leakage or incomplete ball injection, so that a tool cannot maintain a stable pressure holding state, and the success rate of operations such as fracturing, setting and the like is influenced. Disclosure of Invention The invention mainly aims to provide an oil well pressure-holding unlocking mechanism, an oil well setting and unlocking device and a packer, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, when the packer is set and unlocked, the phenomenon of early false unlocking or advanced setting/releasing is easy to occur, and the tool cannot maintain a stable pressure holding state due to the influence of underground pressure fluctuation, tiny leakage or in-place ball throwing, so that the success rate of operations such as fracturing, setting and the like is influenced. In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an oil well pressure holding unlocking mechanism, which includes: The hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder sleeve, wherein a first connecting position and a second connecting position are respectively formed at the top and the bottom of the cylinder sleeve, the first connecting position can be connected with an external hydraulic cylinder, a sliding space penetrating through the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve is formed in the cylinder sleeve, shear pin modules are arranged in the area, close to the second connecting position, of the sliding space, and the shear pin modules are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the cylinder sleeve; The first locking mechanism is arranged at the second connecting position and comprises a first unlocking part and a first locking part, a first through hole which is consistent with the extending direction of the sliding space is formed on the first unlocking part, a second through hole which is communicated with the first through hole and is consistent with the extending direction is formed on the first locking part, multiple rings of occluding teeth which are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the multiple rings are formed on the side wall of the first unlocking part in the first through hole, the occluding teeth are inclined towards the direction of the first connecting position, a ratchet ring which is arranged corresponding to the occluding teeth is formed on the periphery of the first locking part, the inclined direction of the ratchet ring is opposite to the inclined direction of the occluding teeth, and The ball seat unlocking mechanism is slidably arranged in the sliding space and is positioned at one end of the shear pin module close to the first connecting position, a liquid flowing channel consistent with the extending direction of the cylinder sleeve is formed in the ball seat unlocking mechanism in a penetrating manner, and a ball groove is formed at one end of the ball seat unlocking mechanism facing the first connecting position; When the first external ba