CN-121993322-A - Marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system and ammonia leakage grading response method

CN121993322ACN 121993322 ACN121993322 ACN 121993322ACN-121993322-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system and an ammonia leakage grading response method, wherein the system comprises a non-closed local protection cover surrounding a main engine cylinder cover area, and an air supplementing gap is arranged between the non-closed local protection cover and a main engine body; the directional ventilation purification subsystem is provided with an ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor, a negative pressure suction unit and an ammonia gas spraying treatment unit which are positioned at the top of the protective cover, can be automatically started when leakage is monitored, and realizes directional pumping discharge and washing purification of ammonia gas, and an independent host emergency spraying subsystem, a spray head of which is arranged on the protective cover frame and is controlled manually by personnel, and is used for providing emergency spraying protection when the personnel are not evacuated. The invention realizes the rapid control of ammonia leakage and personnel safety protection by a grading response mechanism combining 'automatic ventilation and purification' with 'manual emergency spraying', and has the characteristics of rapid response, high efficiency of control and discharge, safety and reliability.

Inventors

WU XUAN
Huang shang
YUAN LINJIE
WANG QINZE
Yao Wenke
WANG FEI

Assignees

沪东重机有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251231

Claims (10)

1. A marine ammonia-fueled low-speed nacelle safety protection system, comprising: A protective cover configured to surround a cylinder head high risk leakage area of the ammonia fuel low speed machine, the local protective cover comprising a non-closed space formed by a metal frame and a transparent coaming, the metal frame being detachably fixed on a main machine bracket or a cabin grille, gaps for natural air filling being formed between the bottom edge and side edge of the transparent coaming and a main machine body; A ventilation processing unit comprising: An ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor arranged in the top area of the internal space of the local protective cover; the negative pressure suction unit comprises a fan and a suction pipeline, a suction inlet of the suction pipeline is arranged at the highest position of the internal space of the protective cover, and an inlet of the fan is communicated with the inside of the local protective cover through the suction pipeline; The ammonia treatment unit is communicated with the outlet of the fan through an exhaust pipeline, and a first spraying mechanism is arranged in the ammonia treatment unit and is used for spraying and washing ammonia-containing gas from the fan; The system comprises an ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor, a first control unit, a host emergency spraying subsystem and a ventilation processing unit, wherein the first control unit is electrically connected with the ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor and the fan and is configured to automatically start the fan when the ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor detects that the concentration exceeds a first threshold value, and the host emergency spraying subsystem is independent of the ventilation processing unit and comprises: at least one emergency spray nozzle which is arranged on the metal frame of the local protective cover, and the spray direction faces to the high risk leakage area of the cylinder cover or the inner surface of the protective cover; The water supply pipeline is connected with the emergency spray nozzle; And the control valve is arranged on the water supply pipeline and can realize remote control.
2. The marine ammonia fuel low speed nacelle safety protection system of claim 1 wherein the first control unit is further configured to activate a first spraying mechanism within the ammonia gas treating unit in tandem with activating the blower and automatically deactivate the blower and the first spraying mechanism after the ammonia gas leak monitoring sensor detects a concentration below a second threshold for a predetermined time.
3. The marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an ammonia purification detection sensor arranged at an exhaust port of the ammonia gas treatment unit, and a liquid collecting unit comprising a diversion collecting device and an ammonia water collecting box arranged below the cylinder head high risk leakage area, wherein the diversion collecting device is communicated with the ammonia water collecting box and is used for collecting ammonia-containing waste liquid from the emergency spray nozzle and/or the ammonia gas treatment unit.
4. The marine ammonia fuel low speed nacelle safety protection system of claim 1, wherein the first spraying mechanism in the ammonia gas treating unit employs water or an acidic solution as a spraying medium.
5. The marine ammonia fuel low speed nacelle safety protection system of claim 1, wherein the emergency spray head is located diagonally above the exhaust side of the main engine head within the protective enclosure.
6. The marine ammonia fuel low speed machine nacelle safety system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of auxiliary shields disposed at the fuel line connection and valve, respectively, of the ammonia fuel low speed machine for preventing splashing of liquid ammonia.
7. The marine ammonia fuel low speed nacelle safety protection system of claim 1 wherein the suction inlet of the suction line is located in a central area of the top of the shield and is mounted above the ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor.
8. The marine ammonia fuel low speed nacelle safety protection system of claim 3 wherein the first control unit is further connected to the ammonia purge detection sensor and is configured to trigger a high level alarm when the ammonia purge detection sensor detects that the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas continues to exceed a safety limit.
9. An ammonia gas leak classification response method based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: An automatic response stage in which the first control unit automatically activates the directional ventilation and purification subsystem to perform negative pressure suction and spray washing operations when the ammonia gas concentration detected by the ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor exceeds the first threshold value, and And in the manual emergency stage, if a person is near the host computer when leakage occurs, the manual control valve is operated to manually start the host computer emergency spraying subsystem to form a local spraying water curtain to assist the person to evacuate, and after the person is evacuated safely, the manual control valve is manually closed.
10. An ammonia gas leak classification response method according to claim 9 wherein the initiation and termination of the manual override phase is completely independent of the control logic of the automatic response phase, either operating simultaneously, separately or operating only one of them.

Description

Marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system and ammonia leakage grading response method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of safety protection of marine power systems, in particular to a marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system and an ammonia leakage grading response method. In particular to an integrated emergency treatment scheme comprising local isolation, active pumping and spraying absorption aiming at the ammonia leakage possibly occurring during the operation or shutdown of an ammonia fuel low-speed machine, so as to improve the personnel safety and the environmental controllability in a cabin. Background In order to cope with the urgent demands of global warming and marine environmental protection, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has clearly proposed a decarbonization target in the marine industry, namely, the average carbon dioxide emission of global maritime transport is reduced by 40% by 2030 and 70% by 2050 on the basis of 2018, and the net zero emission is realized in this century. In this context, ammonia fuel is gradually regarded as one of important clean energy sources of future ship power systems due to its zero-carbon combustion characteristics, and related ammonia fuel engine technologies are in the rapid development and actual ship application stages. However, ammonia gas, which is a colorless, strongly irritating odor, has a density lower than that of air, and is very soluble in water, poses a serious threat to the life safety of operators once it leaks in a closed cabin environment. The inhalation of excessive ammonia can cause respiratory damage and even choking, while liquid ammonia can cause chemical burns if splashed. Currently, in the design of marine engine cabins using ammonia-fueled low speed engines, there is a general lack of local high-efficiency control and emergency treatment systems for ammonia leakage accidents. Especially in high risk leakage areas such as a main engine cylinder cover, physical isolation measures are not provided, and a directional ventilation and spray purification device capable of timely removing and treating ammonia is absent. In case of serious leakage accidents such as pipeline breakage, ammonia gas is easy to diffuse rapidly in the cabin, difficult to control rapidly, personnel evacuation and accident handling are seriously affected, and obvious potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, a need has arisen to propose a reasonable structure, quick response, safe and reliable marine ammonia fuel low-speed machine ventilation and spray integrated system, through partly enclosing the leakage source, real-time supervision, initiative pump drainage and spray absorption, effectively restrict ammonia diffusion scope, ensure personnel's in the cabin safety activity and operation condition, provide vital safety guarantee for ammonia fuel power ship's popularization. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the safety protection of the existing marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room, the invention provides a marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine room safety protection system and an ammonia leakage grading response method, so as to solve the problems of difficult diffusion control and high personnel safety risk during ammonia leakage. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the marine ammonia fuel low-speed engine cabin safety protection system is characterized by comprising: A protective cover configured to surround a cylinder head high risk leakage area of the ammonia fuel low speed machine, the local protective cover comprising a non-closed space formed by a metal frame and a transparent coaming, the metal frame being detachably fixed on a main machine bracket or a cabin grille, gaps for natural air filling being formed between the bottom edge and side edge of the transparent coaming and a main machine body; A ventilation processing unit comprising: An ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor arranged in the top area of the internal space of the local protective cover; the negative pressure suction unit comprises a fan and a suction pipeline, a suction inlet of the suction pipeline is arranged at the highest position of the internal space of the protective cover, and an inlet of the fan is communicated with the inside of the local protective cover through the suction pipeline; The ammonia treatment unit is communicated with the outlet of the fan through an exhaust pipeline, and a first spraying mechanism is arranged in the ammonia treatment unit and is used for spraying and washing ammonia-containing gas from the fan; The system comprises an ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor, a first control unit, a host emergency spraying subsystem and a ventilation processing unit, wherein the first control unit is electrically connected with the ammonia gas leakage monitoring sensor and the fan and is configured to automatically start the fan when the ammon