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CN-121993561-A - Active resistance-adjusting supporting device for long screw and long screw supporting damping control method

CN121993561ACN 121993561 ACN121993561 ACN 121993561ACN-121993561-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an active resistance-adjusting supporting device for a long screw and a damping control method for supporting the long screw, belonging to the field of screw equipment, A long-screw active resistance-adjusting supporting device comprises a supporting block, two resistance-adjusting components, a plurality of excitation components, a plurality of vibration sensors and a control module. The resistance adjusting components are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the supporting block and comprise corrugated pipes which are axially arranged along the screw rod, shearing cavities for filling magnetorheological elastomers are arranged in wave crests of the corrugated pipes, the excitation components are axially and uniformly arranged, and the vibration sensors are arranged on the screw rod and collect vibration signals. The control module receives the sensor signal and adjusts the excitation intensity, and provides stable axial rigidity support through the corrugated pipe, and the magnetorheological elastomer adjusts the radial rigidity in real time under the action of a magnetic field, so that the cooperative control of the axial rigidity and the radial rigidity is realized. The device can effectively inhibit multidirectional vibration of the screw rod, remarkably improves dynamic stability of the system, and is particularly suitable for the field of high-speed precise transmission.

Inventors

  • SONG DEPENG
  • ZHANG SHANGHAO

Assignees

  • 山东力冠微电子装备有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260128

Claims (10)

  1. 1. Active resistance-adjusting supporting device for long screw, comprising a supporting block (1), and being characterized by further comprising: The two resistance adjusting components are respectively positioned at two sides of the supporting block (1), the resistance adjusting components comprise corrugated pipes (2), the corrugated pipes (2) are arranged along the axial direction of a supported screw rod (00), the end parts of the corrugated pipes (2) are abutted against the two ends of the supporting block (1), a shearing cavity (3) is formed in each crest of each corrugated pipe (2), and magnetorheological elastomer (4) is filled in each shearing cavity (3); The excitation assemblies (5) are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the supported screw rod and are close to the resistance adjusting assembly; a plurality of vibration sensors (6), wherein the plurality of vibration sensors (6) can be arranged on a supported screw (00) and are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the screw (00); the vibration sensor (6) and the excitation assembly (5) are electrically connected with the control module, and the control module can receive signals of the vibration sensor (6) and adjust excitation intensity of the excitation assembly (5).
  2. 2. The active resistance-adjusting supporting device for the long screw according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the supporting block (1) are further provided with a restraining block (7), and the end part of the corrugated pipe (2) is abutted against the restraining block (7).
  3. 3. A method for controlling the damping of a long-screw support, characterized in that the active damping support device for long-screw support according to claim 1 or 2 is used, the method comprises the following steps: S1, assembling a supporting device on a supporting position of a long screw rod, powering up a control module, an excitation assembly (5) and a vibration sensor (6), connecting an upper computer through a communication module, and setting control parameters, wherein the control parameters comprise a vibration acceleration threshold value, a frequency-rigidity mapping relation and a maximum excitation current; S2, in the running process of the screw rod, vibration signals of the screw rod are collected through the vibration sensors (6), a discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence is obtained, and the signal sequence is transmitted to the control module; S3, the control module performs real-time frequency domain analysis on the received discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence, and extracts main frequency of vibration and amplitude corresponding to the main frequency as dynamic characteristic quantity; s4, comparing the dynamic characteristic quantity extracted in the step S3 with a preset frequency-stiffness mapping relation to determine the target magnetic field intensity; calculating a target exciting current according to the relation between the pre-calibrated magnetic field strength and the exciting current based on the target magnetic field strength, and generating a corresponding digital control instruction; S5, the control module converts the digital control instruction into a pulse width modulation signal and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the excitation assembly (5), and the average excitation current of the excitation assembly (5) is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal so as to be equal to the target excitation current, so that a magnetic field with target strength is generated to act on the magnetorheological elastomer (4) to change the macroscopic support rigidity of the magnetorheological elastomer; S6, after the support rigidity is adjusted, returning to the step S2, continuing signal acquisition and analysis, judging whether the amplitude corresponding to the vibration main frequency is smaller than or equal to a preset vibration acceleration threshold value based on the newly obtained dynamic characteristic quantity, and if not, repeating the steps S3 to S5, and correcting the target exciting current to realize self-adaptive adjustment.
  4. 4. The method for controlling the damping of the long-screw support according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the process of obtaining the discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence is specifically that an analog voltage signal output by the vibration sensor (6) is sampled at a sampling frequency not lower than 10 kilohertz through an analog-to-digital converter built in a control module to obtain a discrete voltage sequence, the discrete voltage sequence is multiplied by a calibration coefficient of the vibration sensor to be converted into the discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence, in the step S1, the vibration sensor (6) is a PVDF piezoelectric film sensor, the signal acquisition bandwidth is 0.5-5000 hertz, and the control module is constructed based on an FPGA.
  5. 5. The method for controlling the damping of the long-screw support according to claim 4, wherein the control module constructed based on the FPGA is specifically constructed in a manner that a parallel signal processing architecture is realized in the FPGA through hardware description language programming, and the architecture is integrated with an FFT core, a digital filter bank and a pulse width modulation generator for executing fast Fourier transform.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, the real-time frequency domain analysis is specifically performed by performing a fast Fourier transform on the discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence to obtain a frequency domain acceleration component, and the vibration dominant frequency and the amplitude corresponding thereto are obtained by calculating the maximum value of the frequency domain acceleration component modulus.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the discrete time domain vibration acceleration signal sequence is filtered by the digital filter bank before the frequency domain analysis, the operation is performed based on a finite impulse response filter, the filtered vibration acceleration signal sequence is obtained by weighting and summing the input signal sequence, and the dynamic feature is extracted based on the filtered vibration acceleration signal sequence.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S4, the frequency-stiffness mapping relationship is a data table pre-stored in the control module, and the frequency-stiffness mapping relationship is a linear or nonlinear function representing the corresponding relationship between the magnetic field strength and the exciting current, and the frequency-stiffness mapping relationship is based on the vibration main frequency as an index, and maps the corresponding optimal target magnetic field strength.
  9. 9. A method according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, the digital control command is a digital quantity representing a target duty cycle, the pulse width modulation signal is generated according to the target duty cycle, the average exciting current is proportional to the target duty cycle, and the exciting assembly (5) generates a continuously adjustable magnetic field with a field strength in the range of 0-0.8T by adjusting the target exciting current.
  10. 10. A method of damping control for a long-grained support according to claim 3, further comprising: S7, temperature monitoring and compensation, wherein the temperature value of the supporting device is monitored in real time through a built-in thermocouple, the built-in thermocouple is arranged in or on the surface of the supporting block (1), if the temperature value exceeds a preset range, the control module corrects the target exciting current decided in the step S4 according to a pre-stored temperature-current compensation coefficient to obtain compensated target current, or activates a phase change material to perform thermal management, and the phase change material is filled in an annular cavity between the constraint block and the supporting block (1).

Description

Active resistance-adjusting supporting device for long screw and long screw supporting damping control method Technical Field The invention relates to the field of screw equipment, in particular to an active resistance-adjusting supporting device for a long screw and a long screw supporting damping control method. Background The long lead screw is used as a core component of a precise transmission system, and the dynamic performance of the long lead screw directly influences the precision and stability of the whole machine. When the length-diameter ratio of the screw rod is more than or equal to 60 and the span exceeds 1.5m, the rigidity of the system is obviously reduced, the multi-order vibration mode is easy to excite under the conditions of high-speed operation and complex load, and particularly, the amplitude of the second-order bending vibration can reach +/-5 mu m, so that the positioning precision is seriously restricted. In addition, thermal deformations and dynamic load variations generated during the operation of the screw further exacerbate system instability. Thus, modern high-end equipment places higher demands on the screw support system. The long screw mainly adopts two supporting modes, namely a traditional rigid bearing combined structure, axial and radial constraint is provided by an angular contact ball bearing and a thrust bearing, high static rigidity can be ensured, but an effective damping mechanism is lacked, and a passive damping support of elastic elements such as rubber rings is additionally arranged on a rigid support basis, so that vibration energy is dissipated by material deformation, and the damping characteristic is improved to a certain extent, but the vibration energy is limited by material physical characteristics, and the effective frequency band is narrower. The conventional support mode has obvious technical defects that firstly, the traditional damping materials such as rubber and the like have narrow frequency bands and poor high-frequency resonance suppression effect of more than 500Hz, secondly, vibration energy cannot be efficiently transmitted and dissipated in a multi-dimensional direction due to the design of axial and radial damping decoupling, and furthermore, the passive support structure lacks dynamic adjustment capability, cannot adjust rigidity and damping characteristics in real time according to the working condition changes such as rotating speed, load and the like, so that the vibration response is severe when the system passes through a critical rotating speed. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a long-screw active resistance-adjusting supporting device and a long-screw supporting damping control method, aiming at the problem that the conventional passive supporting structure of a screw cannot adjust rigidity and damping characteristics in real time according to working condition changes such as rotating speed, load and the like. The technical scheme includes that the active resistance-adjusting supporting device for the long screw comprises a supporting block, two resistance-adjusting components, a control module and a plurality of vibration sensors, wherein the two resistance-adjusting components are respectively located on two sides of the supporting block, the resistance-adjusting components comprise corrugated pipes, the corrugated pipes are arranged along the axial direction of a supported screw rod, the end parts of the corrugated pipes are in contact with two ends of the supporting block, a shearing cavity is arranged in each wave crest of the corrugated pipes, magnetorheological elastomers are filled in the shearing cavity, the excitation components are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the supported screw rod and close to the resistance-adjusting components, the vibration sensors can be arranged on the supported screw rod and are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the supported screw rod, the vibration sensors and the excitation components are electrically connected with the control module, and the control module can receive signals of the vibration sensors and adjust excitation strength of the excitation components. According to the scheme, the resistance adjusting assembly comprising the corrugated pipe and the magnetorheological elastomer is arranged, so that the axial rigidity and the radial rigidity are cooperatively adjusted. The bellows provides stable axial rigidity support, and the magneto-rheological elastomer can change the shear modulus in real time under the action of a magnetic field, so that the radial rigidity is accurately controlled. The composite structure design can effectively inhibit multidirectional vibration of the screw rod during high-speed operation, and the dynamic stability of the system is obviously improved. As an optimal implementation scheme of the active resistance-adjusting supporting device for the long screw, two ends of the supporting block are also provided with