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CN-121993797-A - Dangerous harmless treatment device and method for solid waste

CN121993797ACN 121993797 ACN121993797 ACN 121993797ACN-121993797-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a dangerous harmless treatment device and a dangerous harmless treatment method for solid waste, wherein the dangerous harmless treatment device for the solid waste comprises a rack, a crushing box, an incinerator and a treatment cylinder are sequentially arranged on the rack, two crushing rollers for crushing the solid waste are rotatably arranged at the upper end in the crushing box, a obliquely arranged sieve plate is arranged below the crushing rollers, a partition plate which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the sieve plate, a communicating cavity which is communicated with the incinerator is arranged at one side of the crushing box, a bottom plate is arranged in the communicating cavity, a scraping plate for cleaning the crushed waste is slidingly arranged on the surface of the bottom plate, and in the method, the solid waste crushed by the crushing rollers is conveyed downwards along the sieve plate, the insufficiently treated solid waste is subjected to secondary treatment by a cutter, and the solid waste can be cut off and crushed by using a double-layer cutter.

Inventors

  • WANG KUI
  • ZHAI WENCHAO
  • LI QINGKUN
  • MENG FANLI
  • WU HAO
  • LIU KAI

Assignees

  • 山东省固体废物和危险化学品污染防治中心

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241108

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The dangerous harmless treatment device for the solid waste is characterized by comprising a frame (1), wherein a crushing box (2), an incinerator (3) and a treatment cylinder (7) are sequentially arranged on the frame (1), two crushing rollers (12) for crushing the solid waste are rotatably arranged at the upper end in the crushing box (2), a screen plate (13) which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the crushing rollers (12), and a baffle plate (14) which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the screen plate (13); a communication cavity (18) used for being communicated with the incinerator (3) is formed in one side of the crushing box (2), a bottom plate (16) is arranged in the communication cavity (18), and a scraping plate (27) used for cleaning waste after crushing is arranged on the surface of the bottom plate (16) in a sliding mode; The incinerator (3) is rotatably provided with a rotating fan (20), fuel for burning solid waste is delivered into the incinerator (3), and one side, far away from the crushing box (2), of the incinerator (3) is movably connected with a rotating door (21); The incinerator is characterized in that a first conveying pipe (4) used for conveying smoke dust is communicated with the incinerator (3), a second conveying pipe (11) is communicated with the treatment cylinder (7), the first conveying pipe (4) is communicated with the second conveying pipe (11), a rotary drum (9) is rotatably installed at a communicating position, an ionization device used for treating the smoke dust is arranged in the rotary drum (9), and a discharge pipe (8) is connected to one side of the treatment cylinder (7).
  2. 2. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that a first motor (15) is fixedly installed on the side surface of the crushing box (2), an inner cavity is formed in the crushing box (2) through a partition plate, two driving gears (40) meshed with each other are rotatably installed in the inner cavity, the two driving gears (40) are fixedly connected with one ends of two crushing rollers (12) respectively, and the driving end of the first motor (15) is fixedly connected with one of the driving gears (40).
  3. 3. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein a second motor (19) is fixedly installed on the communication cavity (18), a first sprocket (41) is fixedly connected with the driving end of the second motor (19), a first sprocket (41) is fixedly sleeved at one end of the rotating fan (20), and a first chain (25) is sleeved between the two first sprockets (41).
  4. 4. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid wastes according to claim 2, wherein the cylinders (28) are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on two sides of the inner cavity, and the driving ends of the two cylinders (28) are fixedly connected with two cutters (29).
  5. 5. The solid waste hazard harmless treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the scraper blade (27) are respectively provided with a driving mechanism, two sides of the rack (1) are symmetrically provided with isolation frames (6), the driving mechanisms are respectively arranged in the two isolation frames (6), each driving mechanism comprises a mounting block (42) and a first pinion (44) and a second pinion (37) which are rotatably arranged on the mounting block (42), the mounting block (42) is fixedly connected with the end part of the scraper blade (27), the first pinion (44) and the second pinion (37) are meshed with each other, a fourth motor (43) is further arranged in the mounting block (42), the driving end of the fourth motor (43) is fixedly connected with the second pinion (37), rack plates (24) are respectively arranged at the tops of the two isolation frames (6), and the rack plates (24) are arranged above the bottom plate (16), and the first pinion plates (44) are meshed with the rack plates (24).
  6. 6. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein a central shaft (32) is fixedly installed at the inner center of the rotary drum (9), a plurality of electrifying plates (33) are fixedly installed on the surface of the central shaft (32) in a surrounding mode, a second rotating gear (22) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotary drum (9), a supporting plate (10) is fixedly installed on one side of the incinerator (3), and a linkage mechanism is arranged on the supporting plate (10) and used for driving the second rotating gear (22) to rotate.
  7. 7. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid waste according to claim 6, wherein the linkage mechanism comprises a first rotating gear (23), a third motor (34) is fixedly installed on the supporting plate (10), a first sprocket (31) is fixedly connected with the driving end of the third motor (34), a rotating shaft (36) is arranged below the rotating drum (9), the first rotating gear (23) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (36), a first sprocket (31) is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (36), a second chain (26) is sleeved between the two first sprockets (31), and the second rotating gear (22) is meshed with the first rotating gear (23).
  8. 8. The hazardous harmless treatment device for solid wastes according to claim 7, wherein a first screen plate (30) is arranged at one end of the rotary drum (9), the central shaft (32) is rotatably arranged in the first conveying pipe (4) through a fixing rod, the first screen plate (30) and a second screen plate (35) are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotary drum (9), the first screen plate (30) is fixedly connected with the rotary drum (9), the second screen plate (35) is fixedly connected with the second conveying pipe (11), a fixed shaft (38) is arranged at one side, far away from the rotary drum (9), of the first screen plate (30), a movable shaft (39) is arranged at one side, close to the rotary drum (9), of the second screen plate (35), the fixed shaft (38) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the first conveying pipe (4), and the movable shaft (39) is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft (32).
  9. 9. The method for treating a hazardous harmless treatment apparatus for solid waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: S1, delivering solid waste into a crushing box (2) from an inlet (5), relatively rotating two crushing rollers (12) to crush the solid waste into blocks, enabling the crushed small blocks to directly fall onto a partition plate (14), enabling the crushed large blocks to fall onto a screen plate (13) along the partition plate (14) and sliding down onto a bottom plate (16) along the screen plate (13); S2, the cutter (29) moves up and down, and the large solid falling onto the bottom plate (16) is processed again by the cutter (29) and is cut into small objects; S3, in order to avoid accumulation of waste on the bottom plate (16), the scraping plate (27) moves along the surface of the bottom plate (16), then the surface of the bottom plate (16) is cleaned, and the secondarily crushed waste is pushed out from the surface of the bottom plate (16); S4, finally, the waste enters an incinerator (3), fuel in the incinerator (3) is ignited, the waste is incinerated, a rotating fan (20) rotates to prop up the accumulated waste in the incineration process, the accumulated waste is fully contacted with air and fuel, and ashes generated by the incineration can be cleaned out through a rotating door (21); S5, smoke dust generated in the incineration process can be directly conveyed forwards along the first conveying pipe (4), when the smoke dust is conveyed to the position of the rotary drum (9), the rotary drum (9) rotates to drive the inner electrifying plate (33) to rotate, the rotating electrifying plate (33) has a guiding effect on air, smooth circulation of the smoke dust is guaranteed, meanwhile, the electrifying plate (33) electrifies the smoke dust to ionize the smoke dust, harmful substances in the smoke dust are oxidatively decomposed, and particles in the smoke dust can be filtered by the first screen (30) and the second screen (35); S6, introducing the smoke dust ionized by the rotary drum (9) into the treatment drum (7) along the second conveying pipe (11), wherein treatment liquid for treating incineration gas is stored in the treatment drum (7), the treatment liquid reacts with the gas for treatment, and the treated gas is finally discharged through the discharge pipe (8).

Description

Dangerous harmless treatment device and method for solid waste Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a dangerous harmless treatment device and method for solid waste. Background Solid waste treatment is a process of reducing its volume and accelerating its natural purification by physical means (e.g., pulverization, compression, drying, evaporation, incineration, etc.) or biochemical actions (e.g., oxidation, digestion, decomposition, absorption, etc.) and thermal pyrolysis gasification. Also referred to generally are solids and sludge materials discarded by humans during production and life activities, including solid particles separated from waste water, waste gases. When solid waste is treated, the solid waste is directly sent to the incinerator for incineration treatment after being simply crushed, some solid waste is not completely crushed, and more massive solids exist, so that the massive solids are difficult to be fully incinerated in the incineration process, the massive solids are difficult to incinerate, and the massive solids are high in incineration difficulty and low in efficiency. Disclosure of Invention Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a dangerous harmless treatment device and method for solid wastes. The invention provides a dangerous harmless treatment device for solid wastes, which comprises a rack, wherein a crushing box, an incinerator and a treatment cylinder are sequentially arranged on the rack, two crushing rollers for crushing the solid wastes are rotatably arranged at the upper end in the crushing box, a screen plate which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the crushing rollers, and a baffle plate which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the screen plate; A communication cavity used for being communicated with the incinerator is formed in one side of the crushing box, a bottom plate is arranged in the communication cavity, and a scraping plate used for cleaning waste after crushing is arranged on the surface of the bottom plate in a sliding mode; The rotary fan is rotatably arranged in the incinerator, fuel for burning solid waste is delivered into the incinerator, and a rotary door is movably connected to one side, far away from the crushing box, of the incinerator; The incinerator is communicated with a first conveying pipe for conveying smoke dust, the treatment cylinder is communicated with a second conveying pipe, the first conveying pipe is communicated with the second conveying pipe, a rotary cylinder is rotatably arranged at the communication position, an ionization device for treating the smoke dust is arranged in the rotary cylinder, and one side of the treatment cylinder is connected with a discharge pipe. Preferably, a first motor is fixedly arranged on the side face of the crushing box, an inner cavity is formed in the crushing box through a partition plate, two driving gears meshed with each other are rotatably arranged in the inner cavity, the two driving gears are fixedly connected with one ends of the two crushing rollers respectively, and the driving end of the first motor is fixedly connected with one of the driving gears. Preferably, a second motor is fixedly installed on the communication cavity, a first sprocket is fixedly connected with the driving end of the second motor, a first sprocket is fixedly sleeved at one end of the rotating fan, and a first chain is sleeved between the two first sprockets. Preferably, cylinders are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on two sides of the inner cavity, and two cutters are fixedly connected with driving ends of the two cylinders. Preferably, the both ends of scraper blade all are provided with actuating mechanism, the bilateral symmetry of frame is provided with the isolation frame, actuating mechanism sets up respectively in two isolation frames, actuating mechanism includes installation piece and rotates first pinion and the second pinion of installing on the installation piece, the tip fixed connection of installation piece and scraper blade, first pinion and second pinion intermeshing, still install the fourth motor in the installation piece, the drive end and the second pinion fixed connection of fourth motor, two the top in the isolation frame all is provided with rack board, the rack board sets up the top at the bottom plate, first pinion and rack board meshing. Preferably, the center in the rotary drum is fixedly provided with a central shaft, a plurality of power-on plates are fixedly installed on the surface of the central shaft in a surrounding mode, a second rotating gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotary drum, one side of the incinerator is fixedly provided with a supporting plate, and a linkage mechanism is arranged on the supporting plate and used for driving the second rotating gear to rotate. Preferably, the linkage mechanism comprises a first rotatin