CN-121994081-A - Detachable composite armor structure

CN121994081ACN 121994081 ACN121994081 ACN 121994081ACN-121994081-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a detachable composite armor structure, which belongs to the technical field of composite materials and is formed by assembling a plurality of module units, wherein each module unit is of a layered structure, a supporting layer, a buffering anti-elastic layer, a core anti-elastic layer, a broadband wave absorbing and composite anti-elastic layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the thickness of each module unit is less than or equal to 75mm, the surface density is less than or equal to 90kg/m < 2 >, each broadband wave absorbing and composite anti-elastic layer comprises more than two wave-transmitting anti-elastic layers and broadband wave absorbing layers which are arranged in a staggered mode, the outermost layer is the wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer, the core anti-elastic layers are two layers, and the two core anti-elastic layers are detachably connected, so that the detachable composite armor structure is convenient and quick to detach and replace. The invention is arranged on the outer surface of an armored vehicle, the low surface density meets the light design requirement, the wave-transmitting anti-bullet layer with a double sine wave structure can transmit electromagnetic waves, resist bullet or fragment impact and change bullet track, the broadband wave-absorbing layer absorbs broadband electromagnetic waves, the middle core anti-bullet layer and the buffer anti-bullet layer can resist warheads and buffer action, and the outer layer damage can be replaced rapidly.

Inventors

SONG SHIJUN
Jiao Anbing

Assignees

中国人民武装警察部队指挥学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260313

Claims (10)

1. A detachable composite armor structure is characterized in that the composite armor structure is formed by assembling a plurality of module units and can be installed on the outer surface of an armored vehicle, the module units are of a layered structure, a supporting layer, a buffering anti-elastic layer, a core anti-elastic layer, a broadband wave absorbing layer and a composite anti-elastic layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the thickness of the module units is less than or equal to 75mm, and the surface density of the module units is less than or equal to 90kg/m < 2 >; the broadband wave-absorbing and composite anti-bouncing layer comprises more than two wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layers and broadband wave-absorbing layers which are arranged in a staggered mode, the wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layer is arranged on the outermost layer, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layer are both of double sine ripple structures; The core anti-elastic layer is two layers, and the two core anti-elastic layers are detachably connected; the supporting layer can be fixed on the body of the armored vehicle; the supporting layer is fixedly connected with the buffering anti-elastic layer and one core anti-elastic layer to form an armor module II, and the other core anti-elastic layer is adhered with the broadband wave-absorbing layer, the broadband wave-absorbing layer and the wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer to form an armor module I.
2. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 1, wherein the wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer and the broadband wave-absorbing layer are respectively 3 layers, and the first wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer, the first broadband wave-absorbing layer, the second wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer, the second broadband wave-absorbing layer, the third wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer and the third broadband wave-absorbing layer are sequentially adhered together from outside to inside, and the 3 wave-transparent anti-ballistic layers and the 3 broadband wave-absorbing layers are alternately adhered together.
3. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 2, wherein the surfaces of the first wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer, the second wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer and the third wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer are of double sine wave structures and are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials, and the first wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer, the second wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer and the third wave-transparent anti-ballistic layer are made by adopting a mould pressing process.
4. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 3 wherein said first, second and third broadband wave-absorbing layers are all a mixture of an absorber and polyurethane foam.
5. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 4 wherein said core anti-ballistic layer is a 2-layer boron carbide ceramic plate, said first and second boron carbide ceramic plates are joined by mortise and tenon joint structures, and said second boron carbide ceramic plate is bonded and secured to said buffer anti-ballistic layer by an epoxy adhesive film.
6. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 5, wherein said buffer and anti-ballistic layer is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laid fabric, said support layer is a carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite laminate, and said buffer and anti-ballistic layer is bonded and fixed with said support layer by an epoxy resin adhesive film.
7. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 6, wherein said broadband wave absorbing layer is a polyurethane foam stock solution added with an absorbent, and the polyurethane foam stock solution of said broadband wave absorbing layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of polyether polyol and 14-17 parts of polyisocyanate; 0.8-1.0 part of foam homogenizing agent, namely dimethyl silicone oil; The initial catalyst comprises 0.8-1 part of triethanolamine and 0.4-0.6 part of dibutyl tin dilaurate; Gel catalyst, which is 0.4-0.6 part of triethylene diamine; 5-7 parts of flame retardant, namely trichloroethyl phosphate; 1.5-2 parts of foaming agent; 4-6 parts of suspending agent, namely epoxy resin; 0.7-6.3 parts of absorbent, namely chopped carbon fiber; Cleaning agent acetone; The foaming steps of the polyurethane foam stock solution are as follows: immersing chopped carbon fibers in an acetone solution for 3 hours at normal temperature, then placing the chopped carbon fibers in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic oscillation for 1 hour, preserving heat for 3 hours at 50 ℃ after acetone and ultrasonic treatment, pouring out the acetone to remove dirt, and drying for later use; adding the pretreated chopped carbon fibers into polyether polyol, and stirring for 12-15 min by using a mechanical stirrer until the chopped carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed; adding simethicone, trichloroethyl phosphate, water and epoxy resin into the slurry, and continuously stirring for 3-5 min until the slurry is uniform; adding triethanolamine, dibutyl tin dilaurate and triethylene diamine, and stirring for 12-15 s; And finally, adding polyisocyanate, and rapidly stirring for 12-15 s by using a mechanical stirrer.
8. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 7, wherein the amount of the absorbent added to the polyurethane foam stock solution of the first broadband wave-absorbing layer is 0.4-0.6wt%, the amount of the absorbent added to the polyurethane foam stock solution of the second broadband wave-absorbing layer is 1.8-2.2wt%, and the amount of the absorbent added to the polyurethane foam stock solution of the third broadband wave-absorbing layer is 4.3-4.7wt%.
9. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 8, wherein a layer of UFRP prepreg with the thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm is wrapped outside the broadband wave-absorbing layer, the wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer and the first boron carbide ceramic flat plate and is cured into an armor module I in a mold, and the armor module I is prepared by the following steps: UFRP prepreg cloth is paved around the die; Tiling a first boron carbide ceramic flat plate and putting the flat plate into a mold; Pouring the polyurethane foam stock solution of the third broadband wave-absorbing layer onto the first boron carbide ceramic flat plate, wherein the thickness of the polyurethane foam stock solution of the third broadband wave-absorbing layer is 0.9-1.1 mm; Placing a third wave-transparent anti-elastic layer on the polyurethane foam stock solution; Pouring the polyurethane foam stock solution of the second broadband wave-absorbing layer onto the third wave-transparent anti-elastic layer, wherein the total volume of the polyurethane foam stock solution of the second broadband wave-absorbing layer is 1.5 times that of the polyurethane foam stock solution of the third broadband wave-absorbing layer; Placing the second wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer on the polyurethane foam stock solution, wherein the direction of the second wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer is axisymmetric with the direction of the third wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer; Pouring the polyurethane foam stock solution of the first broadband wave-absorbing layer onto the second wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer, wherein the volume of the polyurethane foam stock solution of the first broadband wave-absorbing layer is consistent with that of the polyurethane foam stock solution of the second broadband wave-absorbing layer; placing the first wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer on the polyurethane foam stock solution, wherein the direction of the first wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer is axisymmetric with the direction of the second wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer during placement; Covering the mold, heating to 68-72 ℃, and curing and foaming for 5.5-6.5 hours; After foaming, taking out the armor module I, cutting the first boron carbide ceramic flat plate in a cutting mode, and correspondingly processing tenons on the surface of the armor module I, which is matched with the second boron carbide ceramic flat plate; Orthogonally paving a buffer anti-spring layer between a second boron carbide ceramic flat plate and a supporting layer, and integrally forming according to the outer contour of an armored vehicle by adopting a mould pressing process to form an armored module II; And processing mortise matched with the tenon on the first boron carbide ceramic flat plate on the second boron carbide ceramic flat plate.
10. The detachable composite armor structure of claim 9, wherein the mortise is formed in the upper surface of the second boron carbide ceramic plate, the male tongue is formed in the upper surface of the first boron carbide ceramic plate, the male tongue on the first boron carbide ceramic plate can be inserted into the mortise of the second boron carbide ceramic plate, the armor module I and the armor module II are combined together to form a module unit, and adjacent module units are connected and fixed through a locking structure.

Description

Detachable composite armor structure Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a detachable composite armor structure. Background Currently, most armored vehicles are mainly protected by metal armor (such as steel armor), the reflectivity of the materials to radar waves is high, and systematic wave absorbing function integration is lacked in the traditional design. On the one hand, the high-performance wave-absorbing material is limited by cost and technical maturity, is not applied to mass-production armored vehicles on a large scale, and is only used for trial in local positions of part of special test vehicle types or high-end equipment, on the other hand, the fusion design of wave-absorbing functions and an armored structure has technical bottlenecks, if the wave-absorbing coating is simply overlapped on the outer layer, the overall thickness of the armor is possibly increased, and the maneuvering performance and the space utilization rate of the vehicle are affected, so that most conventional armored vehicles still have the advantage of passive protection, the wave-absorbing performance is not included in core design indexes, and the composite wave-absorbing material is easy to become targets of enemy detection and attack in modern battlefield environments dominated by radar detection and electronic reconnaissance. Currently, in the survivability design of protective performance and battlefield, armored vehicles are still commonly faced with double short plates with insufficient wave absorbing performance and poor light weight effect, and the current situation has obvious adaptation gap with the core requirements of modern battlefield concealment and maneuvering flexibility. Specifically, the following two aspects are analyzed: Traditional wave-absorbing materials have single functions. For example, although the coating type wave absorbing material can absorb radar waves to a certain extent, the wave absorbing mechanism is relatively single, the wave absorbing frequency band is narrow, and the coating type wave absorbing material has no anti-bouncing capability. The stealth performance is greatly compromised when faced with high frequency, broad band radar detection. And once the ammunition attack is carried out, the coating is extremely easy to damage, so that the wave absorbing performance is seriously reduced. Current armor vehicles are less effective in reducing the weight of the ballistic resistant material. In the aspect of the anti-bullet materials, the traditional anti-bullet materials such as metal armor and the like resist the impact of ammunition by virtue of the higher strength of the anti-bullet materials. However, the heavy material can greatly influence the maneuverability of equipment, has no wave absorbing performance and is easy to detect by a radar. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a detachable composite armor structure. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: The detachable composite armor structure is formed by assembling a plurality of module units and can cover the outer surface of an armored vehicle, the module units are of a layered structure, a supporting layer, a buffering anti-elastic layer, a core anti-elastic layer, a broadband wave absorbing layer and a composite anti-elastic layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the thickness of the module units is less than or equal to 75mm, and the surface density of the module units is less than or equal to 90kg/m < 2 >; The broadband wave absorbing and composite anti-bouncing layer comprises more than two wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layers and broadband wave absorbing layers which are arranged in a staggered way, wherein the outermost layer is the wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layer, and the inner and outer surfaces of the wave-transmitting anti-bouncing layer are of double sine wave structures and can transmit electromagnetic waves, resist bullet or fragment impact and change bullet tracks; The core anti-bullet layer is used for resisting bullet heads penetrating through the wave-transparent anti-bullet layer, the core anti-bullet layer is two layers, and the two layers of core anti-bullet layers are detachably connected through mortise and tenon joints; The buffering anti-bouncing layer plays a role in buffering and simultaneously resists residual shrapnel and broken sheets; the supporting layer can be fixed on the body of the armored vehicle; The supporting layer, the buffering anti-elastic layer and one core anti-elastic layer are bonded together through epoxy adhesive film solidification to form an armor module II, and the other core anti-elastic layer, the broadband wave-absorbing layer and the wave-transmitting anti-elastic layer are bonded together through foaming solidification to form an armor module I. Further, the wave-trans