CN-121994436-A - Experimental device and method for testing shock absorption and energy consumption effects of discrete bodies

CN121994436ACN 121994436 ACN121994436 ACN 121994436ACN-121994436-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device and method for testing shock absorption and energy consumption effects of bulk materials, wherein the experimental device comprises four steel columns, a steel plate base, sliding blocks, square bins, springs and guide rods, wherein the steel columns are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the steel columns are connected with a vibrating table through the steel plate base, the steel plate base is provided with mounting holes, two guide rods are arranged in parallel between two steel columns adjacent left and right, the square bins are made of acrylic plates and are positioned between the four guide rods, the guide rods are in sliding fit with the two sliding blocks, the sliding blocks are connected with one corner of the side face of each square bin, and the rod bodies of the guide rods are sleeved with the springs between the sliding blocks and the steel columns. The invention can simulate real boundary conditions, separate and measure inertia force and contact force, and is used for researching the shock absorption energy consumption effect of the dispersion body and the friction energy consumption characteristic of the coupling interface of the dispersion body and the structure.

Inventors

REN GUOQI
ZHOU YONGJIE
ZHANG YI
Feng Yunfan
DING YONGGANG
WEI JINGHUI
XU ZHENHUA
LIU QIANG

Assignees

河南工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260328

Claims (10)

1. The experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the bulk materials is characterized by comprising four steel columns (1), a steel plate base (2), sliding blocks (3), square bins (4), springs (5) and guide rods (6), wherein the steel columns (1) are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the steel columns (1) are connected with a vibrating table through the steel plate base (2), the steel plate base (2) is provided with mounting holes (2.1), two guide rods (6) are arranged between two steel columns (1) adjacent left and right in parallel, the square bins (4) are made of acrylic plates and are located among the four guide rods (6), the guide rods (6) are slidably matched with the two sliding blocks (3), the sliding blocks (3) are connected with one side corner of each square bin (4), and the rod bodies of the guide rods (6) are located between the sliding blocks (3) and the steel columns (1) in a sleeved mode.
2. The experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the bulk materials, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that reserved bolt holes (4.1) are formed in four corners of the front side and the rear side of the square bin (4), the reserved bolt holes (4.1) are linearly arrayed in the axial direction of the guide rod (6), the sliding block (3) is provided with through holes, and the sliding block (3) is connected with the square bin (4) through fastening bolts.
3. An experimental device for testing the damping and energy-consuming effects of bulk materials according to claim 1, wherein two steel columns (1) adjacent to each other in front and back are connected by a square steel connecting piece (7) which is arranged transversely.
4. The experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the bulk materials according to claim 1, wherein the guide rod (6) is a hollow rod body, two ends of the guide rod are provided with internal threads, and the connecting bolt (1.1) penetrates through the through hole in the steel column (1) and is matched with the internal threads at the end part of the guide rod (6).
5. The experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the bulk materials, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized by further comprising an acceleration sensor, a laser displacement sensor and a contact force sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged in the center of the outer wall of the square bin (4) and is used for measuring the absolute acceleration of the square bin (4), the laser displacement sensor is arranged near the spring (5) and is used for measuring the deformation of the spring, and the contact force sensor is adhered to the inner wall of the square bin (4) and is used for measuring the normal contact pressure between bulk materials and bin walls.
6. An experimental method for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of a dispersion body, using the experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of a dispersion body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: S1, fixing the experimental device on a vibrating table; S2, filling dispersion particles with a preset height into the square bin (4); S3, applying earthquake motion excitation with specific frequency spectrum characteristics through a vibrating table; S4, synchronously acquiring acceleration of the square bin (4), deformation of the spring (5) and bin wall contact force data; s5, calculating the total inertial force, the interface contact force and the friction dissipation energy of the system based on the acquired data, and analyzing the damping and energy consumption effects of the dispersion on the structure and the reduction coefficient of the dispersion on the inertial force.
7. The experimental method for testing the damping and energy-consuming effects of a discrete body according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of groups of comparative experiments are performed by changing at least one of the following parameters, the type or filling height of the discrete body particles, the spectral characteristics of the input seismic waves of the vibrating table, the rigidity of the springs (5) and the surface roughness of the inner wall of the square bin (4).
8. The method for testing the damping and energy-dissipating effects of discrete bodies according to claim 6, wherein the deformation of the spring (5) in the step S4 is represented as follows: (1); Wherein, the Is the absolute horizontal displacement of the square bin, Is the horizontal movement displacement of the vibrating table top; restoring force provided by spring set The expression is as follows: (2); wherein, the Is the total equivalent stiffness of the spring stack, The deformation of the spring is measured by a displacement sensor.
9. The method for testing the damping and energy-consuming effect of a discrete body according to claim 6, wherein in the step S5, the total inertial force of the system is represented as follows: (3); (4); Wherein, the For the total mass of the system, Is the mass of the square bin itself, For the equivalent mass of the dispersion particles, Is the absolute acceleration of the square bin.
10. The experimental method for testing the damping and energy-consuming effect of a bulk material according to claim 6, wherein in said step S5, the vibration is conducted in a complete vibration cycle In the system, the vibration table performs work on the system through interface contact force, namely the input energy of the system The expression is as follows: (5); Wherein, the Is the speed of the vibrating table; Interfacial friction force The energy dissipated during relative sliding, i.e. friction dissipated energy The negative work which is done in one period is calculated to obtain: (6); Wherein, the And (3) with The relative displacement and relative speed between the particles and the bin wall are respectively; Friction to energy consumption ratio Expressed as: (7); The reduction coefficient is expressed as: (8)。

Description

Experimental device and method for testing shock absorption and energy consumption effects of discrete bodies Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of engineering shock resistance and dispersion mechanics experiments, in particular to an experimental device and method for testing a dispersion shock absorption energy consumption effect. Background Bulk storage structures such as granaries, bins and the like are important lifeline engineering. Under the action of earthquake, bulk materials in the bin can generate huge inertia force and are transferred to the bin body structure through complex scattered-solid coupling action, which is one of main reasons for causing the structural damage. At present, research on the problems depends on simplified theory or numerical simulation, and a physical experimental device capable of directly and finely measuring the mass inertia force and the interface contact force and quantifying the dynamic coupling relation and the energy dissipation mechanism of the mass inertia force and the interface contact force is lacking. The existing vibrating table experiments mostly consider bulk materials as additional mass or consider bin bodies as rigidity, and key energy consumption mechanisms such as interface friction, slippage, particle rearrangement and the like cannot be revealed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the existing defects, provides an experimental device and method for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of a dispersion, can simulate real boundary conditions, separate and measure inertia force and contact force, is used for researching the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the dispersion and friction and energy consumption characteristics of a coupling interface of the dispersion and a structure, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art. The experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of the bulk materials comprises four steel columns, a steel plate base, sliding blocks, square bins, springs and guide rods, wherein the steel columns are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the steel columns are connected with a vibrating table through the steel plate base, the steel plate base is provided with mounting holes, two guide rods are arranged in parallel between two steel columns adjacent left and right, the square bins are made of acrylic plates and are arranged between the four guide rods, the guide rods are in sliding fit with the two sliding blocks, the sliding blocks are connected with one corner of the side face of each square bin, and the rod bodies of the guide rods are sleeved with the springs between the sliding blocks and the steel columns. Preferably, the four corners of the front side and the rear side of the square bin are respectively provided with a reserved bolt hole, the reserved bolt holes are in a plurality of linear arrays along the axis direction of the guide rod, the sliding block is provided with a through hole, and the sliding block is connected with the square bin through a fastening bolt. Preferably, two adjacent steel columns are connected through a transverse square steel connecting piece. Preferably, the guide rod is a hollow rod body, two ends of the guide rod are provided with internal threads, and the connecting bolt penetrates through the through hole in the steel column and is matched with the internal threads at the end part of the guide rod. The device is characterized by further comprising an acceleration sensor, a laser displacement sensor and a contact force sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged at the center of the outer wall of the square bin and is used for measuring the absolute acceleration of the square bin, the laser displacement sensor is arranged near the spring and is used for measuring the deformation of the spring, and the contact force sensor is stuck to the inner side wall of the square bin and is used for measuring the normal contact pressure between the discrete particles and the bin wall. An experimental method for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of a dispersion, using the experimental device for testing the shock absorption and energy consumption effects of a dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: S1, fixing the experimental device on a vibrating table; s2, filling dispersion particles with preset height into the square bin; S3, applying earthquake motion excitation with specific frequency spectrum characteristics through a vibrating table; S4, synchronously acquiring acceleration data, deformation data and wall contact force data of the square bin; s5, calculating the total inertial force, the interface contact force and the friction dissipation energy of the system based on the acquired data, and analyzing the damping and energy consumption effects of the dispersion on the structure and the red