CN-121994520-A - System and method for rapidly evaluating irrigation performance of drip irrigation system

CN121994520ACN 121994520 ACN121994520 ACN 121994520ACN-121994520-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid evaluation system and a rapid evaluation method for irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation. The system comprises a capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem, an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem and a central processing unit, wherein the capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem is used for monitoring capillary pressure change in a drip irrigation system in real time, the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem is used for acquiring remote sensing data of a drip irrigation system area, and the central processing unit is in communication connection with the two subsystems and is used for receiving and processing the pressure data and the remote sensing data and evaluating the irrigation performance of the drip irrigation system. The method comprises the steps of vectorizing a drip irrigation system, arranging capillary pressure monitoring points, monitoring capillary pressure in real time, obtaining remote sensing data by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, performing multi-scale analysis on the remote sensing data, inverting crop growth indexes, predicting irrigation water quantity of the drip irrigation points in scale, and evaluating irrigation performance of different scales. The invention realizes multi-level irrigation performance evaluation, can accurately identify irrigation non-uniformity sources, establishes a coupling relation between hydrodynamic parameters and crop growth parameters, and remarkably improves evaluation efficiency and precision.

Inventors

WANG ZHEN
LI YANFENG
XU YAWEI
GAO MENGFAN
LIU KE
LI JIUSHENG

Assignees

中国水利水电科学研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260123

Claims (10)

1. A rapid irrigation performance evaluation system for a drip irrigation system, the system comprising: the capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem is used for monitoring the capillary pressure change in the drip irrigation system in real time; the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem is used for acquiring remote sensing data of the drip irrigation system area; The central processing unit is in communication connection with the capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem and the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem and is used for receiving and processing the pressure data and the remote sensing data and evaluating the irrigation performance of the drip irrigation system; The central processing unit is configured to comprise a pressure data receiving module, an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring data processing module and a system performance calculating module through a software program, wherein the pressure data receiving module is used for receiving capillary pressure data, the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring data processing module is used for processing remote sensing data, and the system performance calculating module is used for calculating irrigation performance parameters.
2. The rapid irrigation performance evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem comprises a pressure sensor, a data collector and a wireless transmission device, wherein the pressure sensor is used for collecting capillary pressure data in the drip irrigation system, and the wireless transmission device is used for transmitting the collected pressure data to the central processor.
3. The rapid irrigation performance evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, an onboard dynamic carrier phase difference module RTK, an onboard visible light camera and a multispectral camera, the onboard dynamic carrier phase difference module RTK is used for providing high-precision positioning, and the onboard visible light camera and the multispectral camera are used for acquiring digital ground elevation DEM, digital surface model DSM and multispectral image data of a drip irrigation area.
4. The rapid irrigation performance evaluation system of claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is configured with a geographic information processing software module for performing spatial data processing, remote sensing image analysis and irrigation performance calculation on the drip irrigation system and generating an irrigation performance evaluation report.
5. The rapid evaluation method for the irrigation performance of the drip irrigation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) Constructing a drip irrigation performance evaluation system, which comprises a capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem, an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem and a central processing unit; 2) Vectorizing the planar arrangement of the drip irrigation system pipe network and the boundary of the irrigation unit to generate a digital map; 3) Selecting a typical irrigation unit, arranging capillary pressure monitoring points in the typical irrigation unit, monitoring capillary pressure in real time, calculating real-time flow of the irrigator according to the relation of flow and pressure of the irrigator, and obtaining irrigation quantity through time integration; 4) Measuring plant height and leaf area indexes of crops at the monitoring points of the typical irrigation units selected in the step 3); 5) Acquiring digital ground elevation DEM, digital surface model DSM and multispectral image data of a drip irrigation system region by using an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring subsystem; 6) Calculating crop growth parameters of a system scale, a unit scale and a point scale based on the remote sensing data obtained in the step 5); 7) Inverting the crop growth index of the drip irrigation point scale based on the crop growth parameters calculated in the step 6); 8) Constructing a water irrigation quantity prediction model by taking plant height and leaf area index of crops as independent variables, and predicting the irrigation quantity of drip irrigation point scale; 9) Based on the predicted irrigation quantity and the actually measured irrigation quantity, the irrigation performances of the drip irrigation system in different scales are evaluated, wherein the evaluation comprises the steps of calculating the system scale irrigation uniformity coefficient and analyzing irrigation non-uniformity sources.
6. The rapid evaluation method for irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), when there is no drip irrigation system floor plan, elements of the drip irrigation system are drawn by using cross-platform map software, exported in KML or KMZ format, and then the elements are symbolized by importing geographic information system software, and when there is a drip irrigation system floor plan, elements are calibrated by using computer aided design software, and coordinate conversion and symbolized by importing geographic information system software are performed.
7. The rapid evaluation method for irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3), a plurality of irrigation units with different distances from a water source position are selected as typical units, a plurality of capillary tubes are selected on a branch pipe of each typical unit, a plurality of pressure measuring points are uniformly arranged on each capillary tube, and data of the pressure measuring points are used for calculating irrigation uniformity.
8. The method for rapid evaluation of irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 7), the plant height of the crop is inverted by adopting a difference between a digital surface model DSM and a reference digital ground elevation DEM, and corrected by a unified primary linear regression model, a vegetation index is calculated based on multispectral data, a spectral variable with highest correlation with the leaf area index is selected, and a leaf area index prediction model is constructed by using a machine learning algorithm.
9. The rapid evaluation method for irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 8), the constructed irrigation quantity prediction model is a multiple regression model, and grid irrigation quantity in all irrigation units of the system is spatially estimated by taking plant height and leaf area index prediction values of crops as independent variables.
10. The rapid evaluation method for irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 9), the system scale irrigation uniformity coefficient is calculated by using the christmas's uniformity coefficient, the intra-unit variance importance index and the inter-unit variance importance index are calculated by using the variance decomposition principle, and the source of the irrigation non-uniformity is analyzed based on the ratio of the intra-unit variance importance index to the inter-unit variance importance index, wherein the method comprises the steps that the intra-unit non-uniformity is the main cause of the system non-uniformity when the intra-unit variance importance index is more than 70%, the inter-unit non-uniformity is the main cause of the system non-uniformity when the inter-unit variance importance index is more than 70%, the system scale is optimized when the ratio of the two is close to 50/50, and the system uniformity level is judged according to the irrigation uniformity coefficient and the variance importance index and the optimization proposal is made.

Description

System and method for rapidly evaluating irrigation performance of drip irrigation system Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation engineering, in particular to a rapid evaluation system and a rapid evaluation method for irrigation uniformity of a drip irrigation system by combining capillary pressure real-time monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology. Background The drip irrigation technology is used as an efficient water-saving irrigation mode and is widely applied to the fields of field crops, facility agriculture, orchards and the like. The irrigation performance is a core index for evaluating the design and operation quality of the drip irrigation system, and is directly related to the water resource utilization efficiency and crop yield. At present, the drip irrigation performance evaluation of a drip irrigation system mainly adopts a manual field test method, namely, when the system is in operation, indexes such as irrigation uniformity and the like are calculated by selecting a plurality of representative irrigators on a capillary tube and manually collecting the water yield of the irrigators. The method has obvious limitations that firstly, the testing process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, a plurality of workers are usually required to work continuously for a plurality of hours and can only be carried out in the irrigation period, secondly, the number of test points is limited, the irrigation condition of the whole system is difficult to comprehensively reflect, and particularly for a large drip irrigation system, the test representativeness is not enough, and thirdly, the existing evaluation method cannot match the system hydraulic performance with the water space distribution of crops, so that the evaluation result is deviated from the actual irrigation effect. In recent years, with the development of sensor technology and wireless communication technology, some studies have attempted to apply pressure sensors to drip irrigation system monitoring. However, these techniques are mainly focused on pipe network pressure monitoring and early warning, do not establish effective correlation with irrigation uniformity evaluation, and neglect the influence of crop growth conditions on irrigation performance evaluation. On the other hand, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology is widely applied in the agricultural field, and can be used for acquiring high-resolution spatial information of crop growth parameters. Nevertheless, the existing researches are concentrated on single technology application, and the capillary pressure real-time monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology cannot be organically combined, so that multi-level irrigation performance evaluation from system scale and unit scale to point scale is realized. In addition, the existing drip irrigation system evaluation method is difficult to identify the source of the irrigation non-uniformity, and cannot distinguish whether the irrigation non-uniformity is caused by system design problems, pipe network hydraulics problems or field condition differences. Particularly in large drip irrigation systems, the scale effect is more obvious, and a single-scale evaluation method often leads to wrong optimization decisions. Therefore, there is a need in the industry for a comprehensive evaluation method and system that can quickly and accurately evaluate the irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system and identify sources of non-uniformity to guide the optimal design and operation management of the drip irrigation system. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has been applied in irrigation engineering planning, but the problem of low data acquisition and processing efficiency still exists in the aspect of real-time evaluation of irrigation performance. The prior art can not acquire the irrigation performance data of a large-scale drip irrigation system in a short time, and especially when the irrigation strategy needs to be timely adjusted in the critical period of crop growth, the timeliness of the traditional method is insufficient, so that the key factor for restricting the implementation of accurate irrigation is formed. Meanwhile, how to effectively fuse the space information, the hydraulic data and the crop growth parameters and construct a multi-scale irrigation performance evaluation model is still a technical challenge facing the current irrigation engineering field. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rapid evaluation system and a rapid evaluation method for the irrigation performance of a drip irrigation system. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rapid irrigation performance evaluation system for a drip irrigation system, the system comprising: the capillary pressure remote transmission subsystem is