CN-121994588-A - Abrasion tester, test method and test device

CN121994588ACN 121994588 ACN121994588 ACN 121994588ACN-121994588-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an abrasion testing machine, a testing method and a testing device, wherein the abrasion testing machine comprises: comprises two supply pipelines of clear water and sand-containing suspension liquid, and a closed pressure bin of an integrated spray head. The integrated spray head comprises a spray nozzle high-pressure section and a spray head body: the nozzle high-pressure section is arranged along the axis of the nozzle, one end of the nozzle high-pressure section is provided with a nozzle high-pressure cavity communicated with the clean water pipeline, the other end of the nozzle high-pressure section extends to the outlet of the nozzle matching cavity, and the outer wall of the nozzle high-pressure section and the nozzle matching cavity enclose an annular jet flow mixing cavity; the circumference of the spray head body is provided with a sand-containing conveying head, an inclined sand-containing suspension liquid on the conveying head is input into the cavity, one end of the jet flow mixing chamber is connected with a sand-containing pipeline, and the other end is communicated with the jet flow mixing chamber, for transporting a sand-containing liquid. The outflow pipeline of the nozzle body is communicated with the jet mixing cavity, the high-pressure section of the nozzle is provided with a flow dividing disc and a cavitation head, the bottom of the high-pressure section is of a V-shaped section, the flow dividing disc is arranged on the outer side wall of the V-shaped section in a surrounding mode, and sand-containing cavitation fluid is guided out through the outflow pipeline and vertically impacts a workpiece. The testing machine can realize the abrasion test of cavitation bubbles and a sand-containing suspension.

Inventors

TAN XIAOXIA
Deng Feiyuan
CHEN LEI
LIU ZONGDE
LI JIAXUAN
Zhang Haiku
JIN ZONGYOU
LI GUIJI
LIU FULAI
JIANG MINGHONG

Assignees

大唐水电科学技术研究院有限公司
华北电力大学
北京镭瑟自动化设备有限公司
西藏大唐扎拉水电开发有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (10)

1. An abrasion tester, comprising: a clear water supply line and a sand-containing suspension supply line; a closed pressure bin and an integrated spray head arranged in the closed pressure bin; The integrated spray head comprises a spray head high-pressure section and a spray head body, wherein the spray head high-pressure section is arranged along the axis of the spray head body, one end of the spray head high-pressure section is provided with a spray head high-pressure cavity communicated with the clean water supply pipeline, the other end of the spray head high-pressure section extends to the outlet end of the spray head body matching cavity, and an annular jet flow mixing cavity is defined between the outer wall of the spray head high-pressure section and the spray head body matching cavity; The spray head body is circumferentially provided with a sand-containing conveying head, an inclined sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity is arranged on the sand-containing conveying head, one end of the sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity is communicated with the sand-containing suspension liquid supply pipeline, and the other end of the sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity extends to the jet flow mixing cavity and is communicated with the jet flow mixing cavity; The spray head body is internally provided with an outflow pipeline which is communicated with the jet flow mixing cavity; The high-pressure section of the nozzle is provided with a flow distribution disc and a cavitation head, the cavitation head is coaxially arranged at the outlet end of a high-pressure cavity of the nozzle in the high-pressure section of the nozzle, and the bottom section of the high-pressure section of the nozzle is V-shaped; The flow distribution disc is arranged on the outer side wall of the high-pressure section of the nozzle in a surrounding mode, the cross section of the high-pressure section of the nozzle is V-shaped, the flow distribution disc is arranged in the jet flow mixing cavity, so that the sand-containing suspension liquid slowly flows into the jet flow mixing cavity along the outer side wall of the V-shaped cross section after being buffered by the flow distribution disc, and is vertically impacted to a workpiece to be tested after being led out by the outflow pipeline.
2. The abrasion tester according to claim 1, further comprising a booster pump, a high-pressure pump, a buffer, an overflow valve, a high-pressure line pressure gauge and a high-pressure line pressure valve, wherein said clean water supply line comprises a low-pressure line and a high-pressure line; The low-pressure pipeline is connected with the high-pressure pipeline through the high-pressure pump, the booster pump is arranged on the low-pressure pipeline, and the buffer, the overflow valve, the high-pressure pipeline pressure gauge and the high-pressure pipeline pressure valve are respectively arranged on the high-pressure pipeline.
3. The abrasion tester according to claim 2, further comprising an overflow line connected to said overflow valve, and an end remote from said overflow valve is connected to said low pressure line.
4. The abrasion testing machine according to claim 3, further comprising a sediment pump and a sediment reservoir, wherein said sediment pump is disposed in said sediment reservoir, and wherein said sediment pump is in communication with said sediment suspension supply line.
5. The abrasion tester according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle high-pressure section is partially inserted into said nozzle body fitting cavity, both of which are partially V-shaped in cross section, or, The high-pressure section of the nozzle is completely inserted into the matching cavity of the nozzle body, and the high-pressure section and the matching cavity are completely matched in a V-shaped section.
6. The abrasion tester according to claim 1, further comprising: The jet flow output pipeline is communicated with the closed pressure bin, the pressure gauge is arranged on the closed pressure bin, and the closed pressure bin regulating valve is arranged on the jet flow output pipeline.
7. A test method of an abrasion tester according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The test method comprises the following steps: S01, according to the collaborative pressurization of the booster pump and the high-pressure pump, the high-pressure pipeline pressure gauge reads and checks the inlet pressure in the nozzle high-pressure cavity on the nozzle high-pressure section ; S02, introducing clean water to a low-pressure pipeline, wherein the clean water is boosted by a booster pump and a high-pressure pump to form high-pressure water flow, and the high-pressure water flow enters a high-pressure cavity of a nozzle on a high-pressure section of the nozzle from the high-pressure pipeline and flows to a cavitation head, and cavitation bubbles are generated through runner change; s03, jetting the sand-containing suspension into a sand-containing suspension input cavity of a sand-containing conveying head through a sand-containing suspension supply pipeline, uniformly distributing the sand-containing suspension through a flow distribution disc, and then, mixing the sand-containing suspension with formed cavitation bubbles along the wall surface of a jet mixing cavity; s04, regulating the pressure in the closed pressure bin To a preset pressure, and simultaneously reading the pressure of the closed pressure bin in real time ; S05, according to the formula Calculating the cavitation number sigma, if When according to the simplified formula Calculating cavitation number sigma; s06, if sigma is more than or equal to 0.005, confirming that cavitation strength reaches the standard; S07 if sigma <0.005, return to fine tuning 。
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein if sigma is not less than 0.005, the step of confirming that cavitation strength is up to standard further comprises: when sigma is more than or equal to 0.005, calculating the vertical distance S between the outlet pipeline port and the workpiece to be measured according to the diameter d of the exported sand-containing cavitation jet, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: 。
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the input pressure of the sand-containing suspension is when executing said S03 And (2) and < After the sand-containing suspension is introduced into the sand-containing suspension input cavity, the sand-containing suspension is buffered and split by the splitter plate, and slowly flows down in a laminar flow state along the outer side wall of the V-shaped section of the high-pressure section of the nozzle.
10. The testing device of the abrasion testing machine, which is characterized by comprising the abrasion testing machine as claimed in claim 1 and a control cabinet electrically connected with the closed pressure bin and the integrated spray head in the abrasion testing machine; the control cabinet comprises an integrated built-in control unit and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the integrated built-in control unit is configured to execute the testing method of the abrasion testing machine according to any one of claims 7-9 when the program instructions are executed.

Description

Abrasion tester, test method and test device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of abrasion tests, in particular to an abrasion tester, a test method and a test device. Background In the fields of hydraulic machinery, hydraulic construction and the like, sediment abrasion and cavitation erosion are combined, the common sediment content of rivers in China is high, and overcurrent components such as water turbines, pump stations and the like can be subjected to cooperative damage in high-speed water flow, so that the service life of equipment is obviously reduced. The abrasion acting on hydraulic machinery is characterized in that the sand-containing jet flow/water flow can impact the flow-passing component at a certain flow rate, and the characteristic is particularly remarkable in an impact water turbine, for example, at a water head of 700m, the speed of the sand-containing jet flow can reach more than one hundred meters, when the jet flow interacts with a water bucket, not only is the abrasion damage of sediment and the abrasion damage caused by cavitation can occur, and the combined action of the abrasion and cavitation is called abrasion damage, and the damage to the flow-passing component is extremely serious. In the related art, in the testing device for the abrasion test, water flow is conveyed to an abrasion spray gun through a high-pressure power component, cavitation bubbles are generated by the water flow through compression of the high-speed jet flow, sand grains are mixed into a spray gun seat by means of a sand supply system, a sand-containing jet flow impact test sample is formed, and then the test is carried out by adjusting parameters such as jet flow speed, sand content or sample angle. The core design goal of such devices should be to simulate the combined effects of a sandy water flow and cavitation. However, the sand conveying mode is that after cavitation jet flow is formed, sand grains are directly mixed into cavitation jet flow in a spray gun seat through vacuum self-suction, and after the sand grains enter, the formed cavitation bubbles can be directly broken, so that cavitation effect is destroyed, and stable cavitation effect cannot be maintained. Finally, the device can only realize the simulation and detection of single silt abrasion, and cannot realize the combined action simulation of abrasion and cavitation. In actual working conditions, failure of the overcurrent element is the result of abrasion damage (namely, the synergistic effect of abrasion and cavitation), cavitation can further enlarge the damage degree of the element by damaging the surface structure of the material, aggravating the cutting action of sand grains and the like, and the abrasion of the overcurrent element after the cavitation bubbles are mixed with the sand-containing water flow cannot be detected due to the fact that the cavitation bubbles are damaged by the sand grains in the conventional device, so that improvement space exists. Disclosure of Invention In order to achieve the above object, a first object of the present invention is to provide an abrasion tester which can realize abrasion test of cavitation bubbles and a sand-containing suspension, and effectively prevent destruction of cavitation bubbles. The second object of the invention is to provide a testing method of the abrasion testing machine. The third object of the invention is to provide a test device of the abrasion tester. The first aspect of the invention provides an abrasion testing machine, which comprises a clear water supply pipeline and a sand-containing suspension liquid supply pipeline; the integrated spray head comprises a nozzle high-pressure section and a spray head body, wherein the nozzle high-pressure section is arranged along the axis of the spray head body, one end of the nozzle high-pressure section is provided with a nozzle high-pressure cavity communicated with the clear water supply pipeline, the other end of the nozzle high-pressure section extends towards the outlet end of the spray head body matching cavity, an annular jet flow mixing cavity is defined between the outer wall of the nozzle high-pressure section and the spray head body matching cavity, a sand-containing conveying head is circumferentially arranged on the spray head body, an inclined sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity is arranged on the sand-containing conveying head, one end of the sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity is communicated with a sand-containing suspension liquid supply pipeline, the other end of the sand-containing suspension liquid input cavity extends to the jet flow mixing cavity and is communicated with the jet flow mixing cavity, an outflow pipeline is arranged in the spray head body, a flow distribution disc and a cavitation head are arranged on the nozzle high-pressure section, the cavitation head is coaxially arranged at the outlet end of the nozzle high-pressure cavity of the nozz