CN-121995277-A - Single-light-path atomic magnetometer based on arbitrary polarization state light-splitting super-surface cascading

CN121995277ACN 121995277 ACN121995277 ACN 121995277ACN-121995277-A

Abstract

A single-light-path atomic magnetometer based on any polarization state light splitting super-surface cascade is characterized in that light beams of orthogonal elliptical polarization states are realized by passing coherent light emitted by a laser through a first-stage super-surface, one beam of the light beams is incident into a glass air chamber for pumping and detection, the other beam of the light beams is incident into a photoelectric detector for monitoring the output light power of the laser, the stable output of the laser is controlled by a control circuit, the light emitted from the glass air chamber passes through a second-stage super-surface to realize the beam splitting of orthogonal linear polarization components, the light beams are respectively incident into two photoelectric detectors, and the accurate measurement of an external magnetic field is realized through the signal processing of a rear-end circuit. The invention has the advantages that through the cascade connection of the light-splitting super surfaces with any integrated polarization states, the complete precise control on pumping and detection in the atomic magnetometer is realized, and meanwhile, the system configuration is simplified, thereby being beneficial to the performance improvement and miniaturization.

Inventors

LI JIN
DU PENGCHENG
ZHANG JIAHAO
SUN SHUO
CHENG TIANSHI
ZHOU HUANYU
Zhu Rongtong
ZHOU HAN
Chen Xindai
LIU MENGQI

Assignees

北京航空航天大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260228

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a single light path atomic magnetometer based on cascade of arbitrary polarization state beam split super surface, its characterized in that includes the first level super surface that sets up at the single light path incident side of glass air chamber, and the second level super surface that sets up at the single light path outgoing side of glass air chamber, the laser instrument is connected to the input side of first level super surface, the output side of first level super surface outputs first beam light and second beam light, the second beam light loops through third photodetector and control circuit and connects the laser instrument, first beam light gets into after penetrating through the glass air chamber the input side of second level super surface, the output side of second level super surface outputs third beam light and fourth beam light, the third beam light passes through first photodetector and connects the rear end circuit, the fourth beam light passes through the second photodetector and connects the rear end circuit.
2. The single optical path atomic magnetometer based on arbitrary polarization state spectroscopic subsurface cascade according to claim 1, wherein the first beam of light has an elliptical polarization state, a circular polarization component in the elliptical polarization state being used to pump polarized alkali metal complexes into the sensitive core of the external magnetic field, a linear polarization component in the elliptical polarization state being used to detect precessing atomic spin polarization vectors.
3. The single-light path atomic magnetometer based on arbitrary polarization state light splitting super surface cascade connection according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage super surface carries out independent phase regulation on orthogonal elliptical polarization states of input light from the laser, applies phase gradients with equal magnitudes and opposite directions to the orthogonal elliptical polarization states, and finally splits the orthogonal elliptical polarization states into the first beam light and the second beam light.
4. The single-light path atomic magnetometer based on random polarization state light splitting super surface cascade connection according to claim 1, wherein the second-stage super surface carries out independent phase regulation and control on the orthogonal linear polarization state of the first beam of light after penetrating through the glass air chamber, applies phase gradients with equal magnitude and opposite directions to the orthogonal linear polarization state, and finally splits the orthogonal linear polarization state into the third beam of light and the fourth beam of light.
5. The atomic magnetometer of single optical path based on arbitrary polarization state spectroscopic subsurface cascade according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the glass gas cell is 0.1cm 3 ～10cm 3 .
6. The single-light path atomic magnetometer based on random polarization state light splitting super-surface cascade connection according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the first beam of light and the second beam of light is 5-175 degrees, and an included angle between the third beam of light and the fourth beam of light is 5-175 degrees.
7. The single-light path atomic magnetometer based on random polarization state spectroscopic super-surface cascade according to claim 1, wherein the super-surface nano-structure material on the first-stage super-surface and the second-stage super-surface adopts one or a combination of more of crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon nitride and titanium dioxide.
8. The single-light path atomic magnetometer based on arbitrary polarization state spectroscopic subsurface cascade according to claim 7, wherein the subsurface nanostructure comprises an anisotropic nanopillar array having the following jones matrix expression: Wherein the method comprises the steps of Is a jones matrix of the type, Indicating the rotation angle as The inverse of the coordinate system rotation transformation matrix of the nano-pillars, e is a natural constant, i is an imaginary unit, The phase retardation applied to the anisotropic nanopillars along their long axis, The phase retardation applied to the anisotropic nanopillars along their short axis, Indicating the rotation angle as The transformation matrix is rotated by the coordinate system of the nano-pillars.
9. The atomic magnetometer of single light path based on arbitrary polarization state spectroscopic super surface cascade according to claim 8, characterized by comprising independent phase spectroscopic regulation of arbitrary polarization state by three variables, respectively 、 And 。

Description

Single-light-path atomic magnetometer based on arbitrary polarization state light-splitting super-surface cascading Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, and particularly relates to a single-light-path atomic magnetometer based on any polarization state light-splitting super-surface cascading. Background The precise measurement of magnetic fields has become an important means for understanding the physical world, and atomic magnetometers applying quantum sensing technology have ultrahigh sensitivity advantages in the field of extremely weak magnetic field measurement. In recent years, atomic magnetometers have been attracting attention and have been widely used in a number of important fields such as basic physical research, biomedical magnetic imaging, dark matter detection, geomagnetic science, and the like. The atomic magnetometer is based on an alkali metal atomic ensemble of optical pumping polarization as a quantum sensing core, and measures the external magnetic field modulus by detecting the larmor precession frequency of atomic spins under an external magnetic field. The method can reach or even surpass the superconducting quantum interferometer on the sensitivity limit, and has the further advantages which are incomparable with the superconducting quantum interferometer in the aspects of volume, cost and no need of ultralow temperature refrigeration equipment. Therefore, the development of the small-volume and integratable atomic magnetometer with high sensitivity has important scientific research and social value. Limited to cumbersome conventional polarizing optics, even single beam atomic magnetometers of simplified configuration, still have high system complexity and are difficult to achieve in compact designs of small volume. Meanwhile, the fabrication of these conventional polarizing optical elements relies on mechanical precision machining, which is not compatible with the silicon-based process required for the chip formation, which creates an insurmountable obstacle for the development of integrated optical systems for atomic magnetometers. The super surface is used as a novel light field regulating element adopting a nano technology, has flexible polarization regulating capability, can completely replace the traditional polarization optical element, provides a high-precision modulated polarized light field for pumping and detecting of the atomic magnetometer, and realizes compact and high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer configuration. Meanwhile, the super surface is compatible with a chip technology, and the integrated design of the atomic magnetometer is realized. Therefore, it is necessary to design an atomic magnetometer configuration method with a full-ultra-surface instead of the traditional polarization optical element and with a flexible polarization regulation scheme, so as to realize a compact single-optical-path atomic magnetometer with integration and high sensitivity. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a single-light-path atomic magnetometer based on any polarization state light-splitting super-surface cascade so as to solve the problems that the volume and the integrality of the atomic magnetometer in the prior art are limited by a traditional polarization optical element, and a flexible and high-precision polarization regulation scheme required by pumping and detection is difficult to realize. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: The utility model provides a single light path atomic magnetometer based on cascade of arbitrary polarization state beam split super surface, its characterized in that includes the first level super surface that sets up at the single light path incident side of glass air chamber, and the second level super surface that sets up at the single light path outgoing side of glass air chamber, the laser instrument is connected to the input side of first level super surface, the output side of first level super surface outputs first beam light and second beam light, the second beam light loops through third photodetector and control circuit and connects the laser instrument, first beam light gets into after penetrating through the glass air chamber the input side of second level super surface, the output side of second level super surface outputs third beam light and fourth beam light, the third beam light passes through first photodetector and connects the rear end circuit, the fourth beam light passes through the second photodetector and connects the rear end circuit. The first beam of light has an elliptical polarization state, a circular polarization component in the elliptical polarization state being used to pump the polarized alkali metal ensemble to become a sensitive core of the external magnetic field, and a linear polarization component in the elliptical polarization state being used to detect the precessional atomic spin polarization vector. The first-sta