CN-121995304-A - Single-bit direction finding method and system for special non-uniform linear array

CN121995304ACN 121995304 ACN121995304 ACN 121995304ACN-121995304-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-bit direction-finding method and a single-bit direction-finding system for a special non-uniform linear array, relates to the technical field of array signal processing, and aims to solve the problem of direction-finding of the special non-uniform linear array under the existing impact noise. The method comprises the technical key points of setting a special non-uniform linear array, obtaining snapshot sampling data of an array receiving signal, quantizing the signal data, obtaining a fractional low-order matrix of the signal, reconstructing the fractional low-order matrix of a quantized signal, virtualizing the quantized and reconstructed special non-uniform linear array into a uniform linear array, decomposing a single-bit subspace, estimating an incoming wave direction angle by using spectral peak search, and achieving the purpose of improving direction finding stability and estimation accuracy.

Inventors

GU Yu
GAO HONGYUAN
LIU QINGLING
ZHU QINGLIN
JIAO DANDAN
WANG JIAYI
LI SHIRUI
CHU YIFAN

Assignees

哈尔滨工程大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260130

Claims (7)

1. A single-bit direction finding method of a special non-uniform linear array is characterized by comprising the following steps: setting a special non-uniform linear array, acquiring snapshot sampling data of an array receiving signal, and quantizing the signal data; step two, obtaining a fractional low-order matrix of the signal, and reconstructing the fractional low-order matrix of the quantized signal; thirdly, virtualizing the special non-uniform linear array after quantization and reconstruction into a uniform linear array; Decomposing the single-bit subspace; and fifthly, carrying out incoming wave direction angle estimation by using spectrum peak search.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step one includes the steps of: Definition of the definition From direction of far-field narrow-band signal Incident to by The special non-uniform linear array formed by the isotropic antennas; the placement of the array satisfies the condition that Spacing of individual elements relative to first element And (2) and Wherein If the minimum array element spacing is set to Array element coordinates Wherein Are all integers and are assembled Is a continuous set of natural numbers; Array reception in an impact noise environment The sub-snapshot sample data is expressed as: in the formula, Is that A dimension-oriented matrix, wherein Guide vectors , , For the wavelength of the incident signal, Is that A dimension array snapshot data vector wherein For the number of shots to be taken, , For the maximum number of shots to be taken, Is that The dimension is independent and distributed in the same way A distributed impulse noise vector; Quantize the signal, the Array element number The single-bit quantized signal of the sub-snapshot is expressed as: Wherein, the And Representing the real and imaginary parts respectively, The representation is composed of two A complex valued element level quantization function is composed, In units of imaginary numbers, To a variable of Is expressed as: Then the first Single bit quantized received signal vector for sub-snapshot 。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein step two comprises the steps of: defining the fractional lower-order matrix of the signal after single bit quantization between array element received data as Wherein the first Line 1 Column element , , , Is a fractional lower order matrix parameter; represents conjugation; Defining a fractional lower order matrix reconstruction coefficient as: Wherein, the Represent the first Fractional low-order matrix reconstruction coefficients of the array elements; reconstructing the quantized fractional lower-order matrix, wherein the quantized reconstructed fractional lower-order matrix is: 。
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein step three comprises the steps of: Virtualizing the non-uniform linear array into a uniform linear array with more array elements, wherein the maximum correlation delay of the array is The number of the virtual uniform linear array elements is Integer between, sample quantization and reconstruction Dimension score low-order matrix The method comprises the following steps: Wherein, let the , , , , For taking the mean value function, the virtual uniform linear array Dimension expansion fraction low-order matrix The method comprises the following steps: The extended guide matrix of the original array of the virtual uniform linear array is Wherein the first The expansion guide vectors are as follows 。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein step four comprises the steps of: for fractional lower order matrix Performing eigenvalue decomposition Wherein Represents the conjugate transpose of the object, A diagonal matrix of eigenvalues arranged in descending order , Representing a diagonal matrix with corresponding eigenvectors as , Is from the front The large eigenvalues form a diagonal matrix, Is a diagonal matrix composed of small eigenvalues, and an eigenvector matrix From a matrix of signal subspace eigenvectors Sum signal subspace eigenvector matrix Is constructed with a signal subspace of Its noise subspace is expressed as Due to the orthogonality of the signal subspace and the noise subspace, , Is a matrix of 0 s and, The single-bit space spectrum estimation equation of the array is obtained by the orthogonal relation of the noise characteristic vector and the signal direction vector, and the single-bit space spectrum estimation equation is as follows: Wherein the method comprises the steps of Representing single bit quantization followed by Spectral peaks obtained by the algorithm.
6. A single-bit direction-finding system of a special non-uniform linear array, characterized in that the system has program modules corresponding to the steps of the method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, which execute the steps of the single-bit direction-finding method of a special non-uniform linear array in operation.
7. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program configured to implement the steps in the single bit direction finding method of the special non-uniform linear array of any one of claims 1 to 5 when called by a processor.

Description

Single-bit direction finding method and system for special non-uniform linear array Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of array signal processing, in particular to a single-bit direction finding method and a system for a special non-uniform linear array. Background Direction finding has been a hot research content in the field of array signal processing, also called direction of arrival (Direction of Arrival, DOA) estimation, and has been widely used in systems in the fields of communication, radar, sonar, and the like. In the field of array signal processing, a Uniform linear array (Uniform LINEAR ARRAY, ULA) is widely applied to estimate the direction angle of an incoming wave, and the structure is simple. The array resolution is determined by the number of array elements, and increasing the array element spacing or the number of array elements can improve the resolution. The increase of the array element number increases the equipment quantity, influences the signal processing quantity, the channel error adjustment and the system reliability, and causes grating lobe effect due to overlarge array element distance, thus causing fuzzy estimation accuracy. Under the constraint of M array elements, the space set of the array is enabled to cover all integers from 1 to the maximum aperture D as much as possible through optimizing non-uniform positions, and meanwhile, the maximum aperture is expanded as much as possible, so that DOA estimation performance of high resolution, low cost and grating lobe resistance is finally realized. Sampling and quantizing the received signal typically employs a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The increase of the quantization bit number of the ADC causes the cost of hardware and the power consumption to increase exponentially, so that each antenna generates huge data volume, and the burden of data storage and transmission is increased. Low bit quantization has great application potential in direction-finding systems due to its remarkable advantages of low cost, low power consumption and low data volume. Low bit quantization there is an extreme case of single bit (OB, one-bit) quantization, which retains only randomly measured symbol information. According to the prior art literature, ofer Bar-Shalm and Anthony J. Weiss published in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (Volume: 38, issue: 3, july 2002) in "DOA Estimation Using One-Bit Quantized Measurements" a method for covariance reconstruction of a shear signal to estimate DOA using r-CBF and r-MVDR is used, which only discusses estimating DOA in the case of Gaussian white noise, and which method is relatively dependent on the estimated value of the covariance matrix. Huang Xiaodong and Liao in "One-bit MUSIC" published on IEEE SIGNAL Processing Letters (Volume: 26, issue: 7, july 2019) use the MUSIC algorithm on covariance of the sheared signal without unquantized covariance reconstruction, but at high signal-to-noise ratios the approach approximation error is relatively increased. The array applied by the method is a uniform linear array, the noise background is Gaussian white noise, the special non-uniform linear array can utilize the redundancy existing in the special non-uniform linear array, the performance of the uniform linear array with more array elements is virtualized by setting fewer array elements so as to estimate more information sources, and meanwhile, in order to solve the negative problems of hardware cost, power consumption and the like caused by multi-bit quantization, a single-bit estimation method of the special non-uniform linear array is provided under the impact noise background. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the special non-uniform linear array direction finding problem under the existing impact noise. The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems: The invention provides a single-bit direction finding method of a special non-uniform linear array, which comprises the following steps: setting a special non-uniform linear array, acquiring snapshot sampling data of an array receiving signal, and quantizing the signal data; step two, obtaining a fractional low-order matrix of the signal, and reconstructing the fractional low-order matrix of the quantized signal; thirdly, virtualizing the special non-uniform linear array after quantization and reconstruction into a uniform linear array; Decomposing the single-bit subspace; and fifthly, carrying out incoming wave direction angle estimation by using spectrum peak search. Further, the first step includes the following steps: Definition of the definition From direction of far-field narrow-band signalIncident to byThe special non-uniform linear array formed by the isotropic antennas; the placement of the array satisfies the condition thatSpacing of individual elements relative to first elementAnd (2) andWhereinIf the minimum a