CN-121995310-A - Polyhedral sound wave orientation sensor module, array and sound wave orientation method

CN121995310ACN 121995310 ACN121995310 ACN 121995310ACN-121995310-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a polyhedral structure sound wave orientation sensor module, an array and a sound wave orientation method in the technical field of sound wave detection. The sound wave orientation sensor module comprises a sensor and a computing unit. The sensor includes a rigid backing, n piezoelectric sensing units. The computing unit is used for determining a main direction and a secondary direction according to the signal amplitude of the sensor, computing the amplitude ratio P of the main direction and the secondary direction, inquiring the mapping database of the amplitude ratio and the incidence angle based on the P to obtain the azimuth angle theta of the sound wave on the main direction, and computing the sound wave direction based on the theta and the main direction. According to the invention, through the innovative polyhedral integrated design, the sound wave direction distinguishing function which can be achieved by the sensor array is realized in a single compact device, the problem of direction blurring of the traditional single-unit sensor is solved in physical principle, and in addition, an optimal closed loop from physical perception to information output is formed through a two-step decoding algorithm tightly combined with the sensor structure.

Inventors

CAI TAO
SUN XIAOYU
CHENG JINGWEI
WANG ZHE
YU YAO
JI TIAN
Bu Yangguang
TANG JIAN

Assignees

合肥通用机械研究院有限公司
国机特种设备检验有限公司
合肥通用机械研究院特种设备检验站有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. A polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module, comprising: A sensor, comprising: the rigid back lining is provided with a regular n-prism structure and is used as a mechanical framework of the sensor, wherein n is more than or equal to 3; n piezoelectric sensing units correspondingly attached to n sides of the rigid backing and used for generating corresponding charge signals after receiving sound waves; The computing unit is used for judging that the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit generating the maximum amplitude is the main direction of incidence of the sound wave according to the amplitude values of n charge signals, recording the signal amplitude A main of the main direction, comparing the charge signal amplitude values of two adjacent piezoelectric sensing units in the main direction, judging that the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit with larger amplitude is the secondary direction of incidence of the sound wave, recording the signal amplitude A second of the secondary direction, computing the amplitude ratio P of A main and A second , inquiring the amplitude ratio-incidence angle mapping database based on P to obtain the azimuth angle theta of the sound wave in the main direction, and computing the sound wave direction based on the theta and the main direction.
2. The polyhedral acoustic orientation sensor module of claim 1, wherein the rigid backing comprises: the side surface of the regular prism body is connected with the piezoelectric sensing unit; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively detachably connected to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the regular prism, and when the upper end cover and the lower end cover are locked, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are abutted with the edge of the piezoelectric sensing unit.
3. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module of claim 1, wherein the rigid backing is made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel or engineering plastic; The piezoelectric sensing unit is made of flexible piezoelectric materials, and the flexible piezoelectric materials are adhered to the side face of the rigid backing.
4. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module according to claim 1, wherein the computing unit comprises a signal processing circuit and an MCU; The MCU is used for identifying a main direction plane according to the charge signals after the analog-to-digital conversion and calculating the azimuth angle theta of the sound wave on the main direction plane.
5. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module of claim 4, wherein the signal processing circuit comprises: n pre-charge amplifiers correspondingly connected with the output ends of the n piezoelectric sensing units and used for converting charge signals into voltage signals; A filter gain circuit for bandpass filtering and gain adjustment of the voltage signal; An analog-to-digital converter for converting the band-pass filtered and gain-adjusted voltage signal into a digital signal.
6. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module according to claim 1, wherein the magnitude ratio-to-incidence angle mapping database is pre-stored in a computing unit; The amplitude ratio-incidence angle mapping database is obtained by performing acoustic simulation or experimental calibration on the sensor.
7. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module of claim 1, wherein the rigid backing is configured as a regular hexagonal prism structure with each side thereof conforming to a piezoelectric sensing element.
8. The polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module of claim 1, wherein the rigid backing is angled prior to use such that each side of the rigid backing is oriented at a determined angle.
9. A polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor array, comprising at least two polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor modules according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A polyhedral acoustic wave orientation method, characterized in that it uses the polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for acoustic wave orientation, the acoustic wave orientation method comprising: the method comprises the steps of firstly judging the direction of a piezoelectric sensing unit generating the maximum amplitude as the main direction of incidence of sound waves according to the amplitude values of n charge signals, recording the signal amplitude A main of the main direction, then comparing the charge signal amplitude values of two adjacent piezoelectric sensing units in the main direction, judging the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit with larger amplitude as the secondary direction of incidence of the sound waves, recording the signal amplitude A second of the secondary direction, calculating the amplitude ratio P of A main and A second , inquiring the amplitude ratio-incidence angle mapping database based on P to obtain the azimuth angle theta of the sound waves in the main direction, and calculating the sound wave direction based on the theta and the main direction.

Description

Polyhedral sound wave orientation sensor module, array and sound wave orientation method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sound wave detection, in particular to a polyhedral sound wave orientation sensor module, an array and a sound wave orientation method. Background In the field of sound wave detection, such as pipeline leakage positioning, equipment fault sound emission monitoring, security sound source detection and the like, determining the azimuth of a sound source is a core requirement. In the prior art, the conventional single-unit sensor (such as a circular piezoelectric plate) has the problem of directivity symmetry, and can not distinguish front-back equal symmetry directions when receiving sound waves. If a plurality of circular piezoelectric plates are used for forming a multi-unit array, the problems of large volume, complex calibration and high cost are solved although the problem of directivity symmetry can be solved. In addition, the acoustic positioning algorithm (such as MUSIC algorithm based on microphone array) adopted by the existing acoustic detection is generally complex in calculation, and is seriously dependent on the precise geometric model of the sensor array and the consistency of the performance of each channel, is sensitive to environmental noise and channel mismatch, and is difficult to be deployed in actual engineering. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problem of directivity symmetry of the traditional single-unit sensor, and the technical problems of large volume and complex calibration if a multi-unit array is adopted, the invention provides a polyhedral sound wave orientation sensor module, an array and a sound wave orientation method. In a first aspect, the invention provides a polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module, which comprises a sensor and a computing unit. Wherein the sensor comprises a rigid backing and n piezoelectric sensing units. The rigid backing is configured as a regular n-prism structure for use as a mechanical backbone for the sensor. n is more than or equal to 3. The n piezoelectric sensing units are correspondingly attached to n sides of the rigid backing and are used for generating corresponding charge signals after receiving sound waves. The computing unit is used for judging that the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit generating the maximum amplitude is the main direction of incidence of the sound wave according to the amplitude values of the n charge signals, and recording the signal amplitude A main of the main direction. And then comparing the charge signal amplitudes of two adjacent piezoelectric sensing units in the main direction, judging that the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit with larger amplitude is the secondary direction of incidence of the sound wave, and recording the signal amplitude A second of the secondary direction. The amplitude ratio P of a main and a second is calculated. And inquiring a mapping database of the amplitude ratio and the incidence angle based on P to obtain the azimuth angle theta of the sound wave in the main direction. The direction of the sound wave is calculated based on θ and the main direction. In a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor array comprising at least two polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor modules of the first aspect. The detection results of the plurality of polyhedral sound wave directional sensor modules are subjected to cross verification, so that noise pollution to the individual sensor modules is reduced, and more accurate sound wave directions are obtained. In a third aspect, the present invention also proposes a polyhedral acoustic wave orientation method, which uses the polyhedral acoustic wave orientation sensor module in the first aspect to perform acoustic wave orientation. The sound wave orientation method comprises the following steps: According to the amplitude values of n charge signals, the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit generating the maximum amplitude value is judged to be the main direction of incidence of the sound wave, and the signal amplitude A main of the main direction is recorded. And then comparing the charge signal amplitudes of two adjacent piezoelectric sensing units in the main direction, judging that the direction of the piezoelectric sensing unit with larger amplitude is the secondary direction of incidence of the sound wave, and recording the signal amplitude A second of the secondary direction. The amplitude ratio P of a main and a second is calculated. And inquiring a mapping database of the amplitude ratio and the incidence angle based on P to obtain the azimuth angle theta of the sound wave in the main direction. The direction of the sound wave is calculated based on θ and the main direction. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. According to the invention, through the innovative polyhedral