CN-121995432-A - Microseismic monitoring station network optimal layout method based on historical data and visual interaction

CN121995432ACN 121995432 ACN121995432 ACN 121995432ACN-121995432-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring and geophysical exploration, and discloses a microseismic monitoring station network optimizing layout method based on historical data and visual interaction, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a localized signal attenuation model by utilizing mining area historical monitoring data, calibrating background noise of candidate installation positions, then carrying out space grid subdivision on a monitoring area, and iteratively calculating the theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude of each grid node by utilizing a prediction model and effective monitoring criteria; and supporting a user to perform virtual station network layout by utilizing a human-computer interaction interface, and displaying the calculated monitoring capacity spatial distribution diagram on the mine tunnel bottom diagram in a real-time superposition manner. And the user identifies a monitoring blind area by observing the cloud picture and dynamically adjusts the layout scheme until the engineering index is met. The invention realizes objective and quantitative evaluation and pre-simulation of monitoring capability, avoids site repeated construction, and improves scientificity, coverage precision and implementation efficiency of the station network layout.

Inventors

MA ZHAORUI
Miao Yaolin
ZHAO TIELIN
SUN XUEBO
CHEN FABING

Assignees

中煤科工开采研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251230

Claims (10)

1. The method for optimally arranging the microseismic monitoring station network based on the historical data and visual interaction is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Acquiring mining area history microseismic monitoring data and candidate installation positions of all available installation sensors in a monitoring area; Constructing a localized signal attenuation model based on the historical microseismic monitoring data, and determining the background noise level of each candidate installation position; responding to a selection instruction of a user through a human-computer interaction interface, and selecting a group of positions from all the candidate installation positions to form a current virtual platform network scheme; Discretizing the monitoring target area into a plurality of space grid nodes, and calculating the theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude of the virtual table network scheme on each space grid node by utilizing the signal attenuation model and the background noise level; Generating a monitoring capacity spatial distribution map according to the theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude of all the space grid nodes, and displaying the monitoring capacity spatial distribution map on the human-computer interaction interface in a superposition manner; And adjusting the virtual table network scheme according to the monitoring capacity space distribution diagram displayed by the man-machine interaction interface, and repeating the steps of calculating and displaying until a final table network design scheme meeting the preset monitoring requirement is obtained.
2. The method for optimizing layout of a microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a localized signal attenuation model comprises the steps of: Extracting historical microseismic events and corresponding station waveform records thereof from the historical microseismic monitoring data, and acquiring the magnitude and the source distance of each historical microseismic event and the signal amplitude received by a station; fitting and establishing a functional relation between the signal amplitude and the magnitude and source distance by adopting a multiple regression analysis method; Wherein, the functional relation characterizes the law that the signal amplitude is enhanced along with the increase of the magnitude of the vibration and is attenuated along with the increase of the source distance of the vibration; And constructing a prediction model for calculating a theoretical signal-to-noise ratio based on the functional relation, wherein the theoretical signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the predicted signal amplitude to the background noise level.
3. The method for optimized deployment of a microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 2 wherein said step of determining the background noise level for each of said candidate mounting locations comprises: For the candidate installation position with the sensor, intercepting continuous waveform data of a period without a microseismic event in the station waveform record, and calculating a root mean square value of waveform amplitude as the background noise level of the candidate installation position with the sensor; And estimating and assigning values to the candidate installation positions without the sensors according to the environmental characteristics of the area where the candidate installation positions without the sensors are located or the background noise levels of the candidate installation positions adjacent to the sensor.
4. The method for optimized deployment of microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the theoretical minimum monitorable magnitude of the virtual network plan for each of the spatial grid nodes comprises: Presetting effective monitoring criteria, wherein the effective monitoring criteria comprise a minimum signal-to-noise ratio threshold value required by triggering a sensor and a minimum trigger station number threshold value required by effectively positioning a microseismic event; for each space grid node, assuming that a virtual microseismic event with an initial magnitude occurs, calculating a theoretical signal-to-noise ratio received by a position of each sensor in the virtual table network scheme by using the signal attenuation model; counting the number of effective sensors of which the theoretical signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the minimum signal-to-noise ratio threshold; judging whether the number of the effective sensors reaches the minimum trigger station number threshold; If not, increasing the magnitude and recalculating until the minimum trigger station number threshold is reached, and determining the magnitude at the moment as the theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude of the space grid node.
5. The method for optimizing layout of microseismic monitoring tables based on historical data and visual interaction according to claim 4, wherein the process of increasing the magnitude and recalculating adopts an iterative approximation algorithm, the magnitude step is set, the search is gradually increased from the low magnitude to the high magnitude, or a binary search method is adopted to determine the critical magnitude value meeting the effective monitoring criterion.
6. The method for optimizing layout of the microseismic monitoring station network based on the historical data and the visual interaction according to claim 2, wherein the functional relation is specifically expressed as follows: the logarithmic value of the signal amplitude is in linear positive correlation with the magnitude of the shock, in linear negative correlation with the logarithmic value of the source distance, and in linear negative correlation with the linear value of the source distance, and each coefficient in the functional relation is determined by regression of the historical microseismic monitoring data.
7. The method for optimizing deployment of a microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 1, wherein the step of generating a monitoring capability spatial distribution map comprises the steps of: Traversing and calculating theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude of all the space grid nodes, and constructing a monitoring capacity space data set; Mapping the value of the theoretical lowest monitorable magnitude to a color value, wherein smaller values correspond to colors with strong monitoring capability, and larger values correspond to colors with weak monitoring capability; and generating a continuous color cloud picture by using a spatial interpolation algorithm, and carrying out coordinate registration on the color cloud picture and a mine tunnel engineering picture and then superposing and displaying the color cloud picture and the mine tunnel engineering picture.
8. The method for optimized deployment of a microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 7, wherein the step of adjusting the virtual network scheme comprises: Identifying a color region in the monitoring capability spatial distribution map that is displayed as weak in monitoring capability; and selecting and adding a new position from the rest candidate installation positions to the virtual table network scheme aiming at the color region with weak monitoring capability on the man-machine interaction interface, or moving the existing position in the virtual table network scheme to the candidate installation position closer to the color region with weak monitoring capability.
9. The method for optimally arranging the microseismic monitoring station network based on the historical data and the visual interaction according to claim 1, wherein the candidate installation positions are the end positions of anchor rods or anchor cables in a mine roadway support structure; And acquiring candidate installation positions of all available installation sensors in the monitoring target area, specifically, importing roadway support design drawings or actual measurement data of a mine, and extracting three-dimensional coordinates of all anchor rods or anchor cables as the candidate installation positions.
10. The method for optimizing layout of a microseismic monitoring network based on historical data and visual interaction of claim 1, further comprising: And after the final station mesh setting scheme is determined, outputting a construction guide file containing a space coordinate list of candidate installation positions corresponding to the sensors in the final station mesh setting scheme and a final monitoring capacity space distribution diagram.

Description

Microseismic monitoring station network optimal layout method based on historical data and visual interaction Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring and geophysical exploration, in particular to a microseismic monitoring station network optimal layout method based on historical data and visual interaction. Background The microseism monitoring technology is a core means of mine dynamic disaster early warning and prevention and control, and the distribution quality of a microseism platform network directly determines the integrity of monitoring data and the positioning accuracy of a seismic source. The network layout aims at constructing a sensor network capable of effectively capturing the micro rock mass fracture signals in a complex underground environment so as to realize real-time monitoring of potential disaster sources. The conventional microseismic monitoring station network layout scheme is designed mostly by depending on subjective experience of engineering technicians or a general theoretical attenuation formula. The conventional design method generally assumes that rock mass media are uniform and isotropic, and cannot fully consider the complicated fault structure, lithology change and nonlinear attenuation influence of goaf distribution on seismic wave propagation in a specific mine, so that a predicted value of a signal attenuation model has a larger deviation from an actual wave field propagation rule. Meanwhile, the existing design often ignores the difference of background noise levels at different positions in the well, lacks a background noise quantitative calibration link aiming at specific candidate installation positions (such as an air inlet lane, an air return lane, a main lane and a working face), and makes the signal-to-noise ratio estimation based on ideal environment assumption difficult to reflect the real physical working condition in the well. The prior art lacks a full-space-scale monitoring capability quantitative evaluation means in the stage of table mesh setting. Often, a designer can only perform rough coverage estimation according to the geometric distribution range of the station, and it is difficult to accurately know the theoretical minimum monitorable magnitude (Mc) of the station network for a specific area before construction. The fuzzy evaluation mode enables the monitoring blind area or the sensitivity weak link in the three-dimensional geological space to be in an invisible state, so that the key monitoring area can not capture tiny fracture precursor information due to insufficient number of effective triggering stations, and the early warning efficiency of the microseismic monitoring system is seriously influenced. At the engineering implementation level, no visual interactive simulation and visual analysis tool exists at present. The optimization adjustment of the station network generally needs to be passively modified according to the actually monitored event distribution condition after the physical installation and the system test run are completed. The hysteresis mode of design, construction, verification and readjustment not only causes high underground construction cost and time loss, but also increases the complexity and safety risk of engineering implementation due to repeated equipment disassembly and assembly and cable laying, and is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and scientific construction of the mine safety monitoring system. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microseismic monitoring station network optimizing layout method based on historical data and visual interaction, which solves the problems that the existing microseismic monitoring station network layout scheme mainly depends on manual experience and lacks quantitative evaluation means aiming at specific geological environment, so that a monitoring blind area cannot be prejudged and site repeated construction and correction caused by unreasonable layout are caused. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: The invention provides a microseismic monitoring station network optimal layout method based on historical data and visual interaction. The method combines data-driven physical modeling with man-machine interaction simulation, and establishes a set of quantitative decision mechanism from historical data mining to monitoring capability visualization. The invention firstly constructs a signal propagation prediction mechanism suitable for the local geological environment of the mining area. Unlike conventional method with universal earthquake wave attenuation formula, the present invention utilizes the historical microseismic event catalog and waveform data accumulated in mining area to calculate the signal attenuation model representing the medium characteristic of local rock mass through multiple regression analysi