CN-121995476-A - Loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method

CN121995476ACN 121995476 ACN121995476 ACN 121995476ACN-121995476-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method, which establishes a three-dimensional seismic data quality evaluation method according to main influence factors influencing the quality of three-dimensional seismic data in a loess tableland in a jaw, wherein the quality evaluation method comprises the specific steps of S100, data signal-to-noise ratio analysis, analysis and evaluation by adopting two methods of a layer time window and an equal time window, S200, main frequency and effective bandwidth analysis, data resolution evaluation, S300, composite recording correlation analysis, main analysis of the fidelity of seismic data reflecting structure and energy, S400, static correction processing effect analysis, mainly evaluation of the authenticity of seismic data structural characteristics, S500, surface consistency processing effect analysis, evaluation of the fidelity of seismic data energy, S600, multiple wave removal pressing effect evaluation analysis, and evaluation of the fidelity of data from the other aspect, S700, imaging reliability evaluation analysis.

Inventors

LI XIAOWEI
WANG GUOZHUANG
Jia Huichong
ZHAO HAIPENG
HU TIANLE
YUAN CHUNYAN
YANG FEI

Assignees

中国石油化工股份有限公司
中国石油化工股份有限公司华北油气分公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20241105

Claims (10)

1. The loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method is characterized in that a three-dimensional seismic data quality evaluation method is established according to main influencing factors influencing the quality of the loess tableland in the jaw south, and the quality evaluation method comprises the following specific steps of: s100, analyzing and evaluating data signal-to-noise ratio by adopting two methods of layer time window and isochronous time window; s200, analyzing the main frequency and the effective bandwidth, and evaluating the data resolution; S300, analyzing the correlation degree of the synthetic records, and mainly analyzing the reflection structure of the seismic data and the fidelity of the energy; S400, analyzing static correction processing effects, namely evaluating the authenticity of the structural characteristics of the seismic data; s500, analyzing the surface consistency processing effect, and evaluating the fidelity of the seismic data energy: s600, evaluating and analyzing the multiple removal pressing effect, and evaluating the fidelity of the data from the other aspect; s700, evaluating and analyzing imaging reliability.
2. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step S100, the specific steps of analyzing and evaluating the data signal-to-noise ratio are as follows: S110, extracting along layers, and extracting in shallow, middle and deep layers, wherein a target layer is a main evaluation layer; S120, extracting along a time window, and analyzing the signal to noise ratio by dividing the time window into a shallow time window, a middle time window and a deep time window; s130, performing correlation analysis on the signal-to-noise ratio plane and the terrain, wherein a region with the signal-to-noise ratio larger than a certain value is a data processing signal-to-noise ratio qualified region.
3. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data according to claim 1, wherein in the step S200, the specific steps of analyzing the dominant frequency and the effective bandwidth are as follows: s210, respectively carrying out main frequency analysis on the shallow, medium and deep layers, and mainly analyzing the main frequency of a target layer; s220, calculating the maximum stratum resolution thickness corresponding to the main frequency according to the fact that the maximum resolution of the earthquake is 1/4 of the wavelength.
4. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 1, wherein in said step S500, the specific steps of evaluating the fidelity of the seismic data energy are as follows: s510, analyzing the section, namely referring to a ground surface topography map, cutting different topography sections (with topography lines), and analyzing whether the amplitude intensity and the phase axis continuity under different topography have correlation with the topography; S520, extracting the phase axis amplitude and frequency attribute of the shallow, medium and deep mark layers, overlapping the surface topography lines of the plane by the plane graph of each attribute, comparing whether the amplitude and frequency value ranges under different terrains have obvious differences, and mainly analyzing the correlation between the amplitude and frequency attribute of the target layer and the surface topography.
5. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 1, wherein in said step S700, the specific steps of the imaging reliability evaluation analysis are as follows: S710, analyzing whether a fracture breakpoint is clear or not, and judging whether the fracture horizon and the in-phase shaft occurrence of the earthquake accord with the geological deposition rule of the region or not if the breakpoint is not clear, and if the fracture horizon and the in-phase shaft occurrence do not accord with the geological deposition rule, judging that the false fracture problem exists; s720, analyzing the longitudinal and transverse energy consistency of the seismic wave group by combining the phase axis amplitude and frequency attribute plane diagrams of the shallow, medium and deep mark layers, and if the longitudinal and transverse energy consistency is poor, considering that the imaging has a problem.
6. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the quality evaluating method classifies loess tablelands into three types including simple region, single complex region and double complex region according to shallow surface and deep seismic geological conditions.
7. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 6, wherein the simple region is a thin layer of loess, generally less than 30 meters, and has good data quality regardless of whether the coal seam of the Yan An group is developed or not developed, high fidelity, reflective structure and amplitude attribute can be used for reservoir prediction research, and the reliability of reservoir prediction is high.
8. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 6, wherein the single complex region is a region with a thickness of a loess layer of greater than 100 m, a coal seam is undeveloped, the quality of the seismic data is fair, multiple waves are undeveloped, the signal-to-noise ratio of the data in the region is affected to a certain extent, but the data has certain fidelity, a reflection structure and amplitude attribute can be applied to reservoir prediction to a certain extent, and interpretation polynomials exist.
9. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 6, wherein the dual complex area is a loess layer with large thickness, coal seam development, a large number of coal seam layers, multiple development, low data fidelity, large data quality influence, low signal-to-noise ratio in such areas, severe influence of multiple influence on reflection structure and amplitude attribute, low seismic data fidelity, strong interpretation polynosicity and low reliability of reservoir prediction.
10. The method for analyzing and evaluating the quality of loess tablelands three-dimensional seismic data as set forth in claim 1, wherein the quality of the data evaluated by the quality evaluation method is classified into three categories, namely: The wave group characteristics are clear, the energy is strong, the phase is stable, the continuity is good, the horizon calibration is reliable, the geological phenomenon is clear, and the wave group can be reliably used for construction explanation and reservoir prediction; the wave group characteristics are basically clear, continuous comparison and tracking can be realized, horizon calibration is basically reliable, geological phenomena can be identified and compared, and the method can be reliably used for construction explanation and reservoir prediction; And III, the wave group characteristics are unclear, continuous comparison and tracking are not realized, the problems of multiple waves or static correction and the like exist in the data, the horizon calibration is suspicious, the geological phenomenon is unclear, and the construction interpretation and the reservoir prediction belong to the inference.

Description

Loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data quality evaluation, in particular to a loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method. Background The loess tableland three-dimensional seismic result data is influenced by shallow earth surface landform, excitation receiving conditions, an observation system and data processing technology, mainly has the effects of static correction, high-fidelity denoising processing, earth surface consistency processing, offset imaging inaccuracy and the like, and the seismic data can not truly reflect the characteristics of underground structure and lithology change to a certain extent; For example, chinese patent CN201910451883.0 discloses a method and a storage medium for calculating a quantitative evaluation value of seismic data quality. The method for calculating the quantitative evaluation value of the seismic data quality comprises the steps of obtaining the seismic data, selecting an analysis time window for the seismic data, wherein the analysis time window is selected from an effective wave distribution area of the seismic data, picking up wave group time of the seismic data in the analysis time window, carrying out layer leveling processing, and superposing the seismic data subjected to the layer leveling processing according to channel records to obtain the quantitative evaluation value. The method and the storage medium for calculating the quantitative evaluation value of the seismic data quality eliminate the adverse effects of static correction and noise on the seismic data quality, improve the reliability and the sensitivity, and can be used for evaluating the quality of the seismic data by calculating the quantitative evaluation value of the seismic data in an analysis hour window. The patent provides a method for calculating the quantitative evaluation value of the quality of the seismic data and a storage medium, wherein the method eliminates the adverse effects of static correction and noise on the quality of the seismic data. However, the south of the Erdos basin is affected by loess tablelands on the earth surface and multiple sets of coal beds in Yanan groups, so that the multiple development of seismic data is realized, the data fidelity is low, the reflection structure and the amplitude attribute are seriously affected, the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of the seismic data are low, the interpretation polynomiality is strong, and the reliability of reservoir prediction is low. The seismic geological conditions of loess tablelands determine the difficulty of data processing, and the conventional evaluation method cannot effectively evaluate the quality of the seismic data of the loess tablelands, so that a set of three-dimensional seismic data evaluation method system flow suitable for the loess tablelands is necessary to be researched. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method, which aims to solve the problems that the conventional loess tableland seismic geological conditions determine the data processing difficulty and the conventional evaluation method cannot effectively evaluate the seismic data quality of the loess tableland. The invention is realized in the following way: A loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data quality analysis and evaluation method is established according to main influencing factors influencing the quality of loess tableland three-dimensional seismic data in a jaw south loess tableland, and the quality evaluation method comprises the following specific steps: s100, analyzing and evaluating data signal-to-noise ratio by adopting two methods of layer time window and isochronous time window; s200, analyzing the main frequency and the effective bandwidth, and evaluating the data resolution; S300, analyzing the correlation degree of the synthetic records, and mainly analyzing the reflection structure of the seismic data and the fidelity of the energy; S400, analyzing static correction processing effects, namely evaluating the authenticity of the structural characteristics of the seismic data; s500, analyzing the surface consistency processing effect, and evaluating the fidelity of the seismic data energy: s600, evaluating and analyzing the multiple removal pressing effect, and evaluating the fidelity of the data from the other aspect; s700, evaluating and analyzing imaging reliability. Preferably, in the step S100, the specific steps of analysis and evaluation of the data signal-to-noise ratio are as follows: S110, extracting along layers, and extracting in shallow, middle and deep layers, wherein a target layer is a main evaluation layer; S120, extracting along a time window, and analyzing the signal to noise ratio by dividing the time window into a shallow time