CN-121995739-A - Soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting

CN121995739ACN 121995739 ACN121995739 ACN 121995739ACN-121995739-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and discloses a soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting, which comprises a rotary cultivator and a travelling speed self-adaptive regulation and control system, wherein the system acquires torque of a rotary cultivator cutter shaft, a load rate of an engine and a slip rate in real time to calculate a load coefficient, acquires a ground gradient, a soil moisture content and a ground surface flatness to calculate an environment coefficient, calculates a synergy coefficient according to the current load coefficient and the actual tilling depth and soil breaking rate under the environment coefficient, acquires vibration acceleration of a machine frame, oil temperature of a gear box and fluctuation of rotation speed of a power output shaft to calculate a health coefficient, and finally calculates a target travelling speed based on a reference speed, the synergy coefficient, the health coefficient and oil consumption per unit area and adjusts in real time. By means of multi-source information fusion and self-adaptive speed regulation, complex field working conditions can be dynamically matched, operation quality is improved, machine health is guaranteed, energy consumption is reduced, and agricultural requirements of accurate tobacco planting on soil environment improvement are met.

Inventors

LI YANYAN
XU RUBING
QIN YAO
YANG YONG
XIANG HAIBO
LI MEI

Assignees

湖北省烟草科学研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260228

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a tobacco is planted with soil environment improves device, includes the rotary cultivator, its characterized in that still includes rotary cultivator travel speed self-adaptation regulation and control system, and rotary cultivator travel speed self-adaptation regulation and control system is used for adjusting the travel speed of rotary cultivator in real time, and rotary cultivator travel speed self-adaptation regulation and control system includes: The load fusion evaluation module is used for calculating and acquiring a load coefficient based on torque of a rotary tillage cutter shaft, the load rate of an engine and the slip rate; The environment perception quantization module is used for calculating and acquiring an environment coefficient based on the ground gradient, the soil moisture content and the surface evenness; the quality-working condition collaborative analysis module calculates and acquires a collaborative coefficient according to the actual tilling depth and soil breaking rate under the current load coefficient and the environment coefficient; The health state diagnosis module is used for calculating and acquiring health coefficients based on vibration acceleration of the rotary cultivator frame, oil temperature of the gear box and rotation speed fluctuation of the power output shaft; and the multi-target speed decision and execution module is used for calculating and acquiring a target traveling speed based on the reference speed, the synergy coefficient, the health coefficient and the oil consumption per unit area and adjusting the current traveling speed to the target traveling speed.
2. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein the process of calculating the target travel speed is: obtaining a reference speed, a synergy coefficient, a health coefficient and oil consumption per unit area; Carrying out maximum-minimum normalization processing on the oil consumption in unit area, and acquiring an oil consumption influence factor in unit area after adopting a min function limiting normalization value; taking the minimum value of the synergy coefficient, the health coefficient and the oil consumption influence factor as a speed adjustment coefficient; multiplying the reference speed by the speed adjustment coefficient to obtain a target traveling speed.
3. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein the process of calculating the health coefficient is: Acquiring vibration acceleration of a rotary cultivator frame, oil temperature of a gear box and rotation speed fluctuation of a power output shaft; Processing the vibration acceleration of the rotary cultivator frame and the rotation speed fluctuation of the power output shaft in a ratio mode with the maximum allowable vibration acceleration and the maximum allowable rotation speed fluctuation respectively, and acquiring a vibration acceleration index of the rotary cultivator frame and a rotation speed fluctuation index of the power output shaft after adopting a min function limiting ratio upper limit of 1; Determining an oil temperature state index according to the relation between the oil temperature of the gear box and the normal working oil temperature and the maximum allowable oil temperature; Taking the complement of the maximum value in the vibration acceleration index of the rotary cultivator frame, the oil temperature index of the gear box and the rotation speed fluctuation index of the power output shaft as health coefficients , , Indicating that the machine tool is completely healthy, Indicating that the state of health is very poor.
4. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein the process of calculating and obtaining the synergy coefficient is as follows: acquiring a load coefficient, an environmental coefficient, an actual tilling depth and a soil breaking rate; obtaining the tilling depth adaptation degree based on the load coefficient and the actual tilling depth; Calculating and obtaining the soil breaking rate adaptation degree based on the environmental coefficient and the soil breaking rate; and geometrically averaging the tilling depth adaptation degree and the soil breaking rate adaptation degree to obtain a synergy coefficient.
5. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 4, wherein the specific means for obtaining the tilling depth adaptation degree based on the load factor and the actual tilling depth calculation is as follows: substituting the load factor and the actual tilling depth into the formula Obtaining the depth adaptation degree , , Is used for reflecting the approaching degree of the actual tilling depth and the target tilling depth, and simultaneously, the larger the load is, the larger the allowable deviation is, the higher the adaptation degree is, when the deviation is 0, When the deviation reaches or exceeds the allowable value, , wherein, In order to achieve the actual depth of the cultivation, In order to achieve the desired tilling depth, In order to allow for maximum deviation of the tilling depth, Is a load factor.
6. The apparatus for improving soil environment for tobacco planting according to claim 4, wherein the concrete means for obtaining the soil-crushing rate adaptation degree based on the environmental coefficient and the soil-crushing rate calculation is as follows: substituting the environmental coefficient and the soil breaking rate into the formula Obtaining the soil breaking rate adaptation degree , , For reflecting the proximity of the actual soil-breaking rate to the target soil-breaking rate, the worse the environment, the greater the allowable deviation, wherein, In order to achieve the soil breaking rate, For the target soil-breaking rate, In order for the soil breaking rate to be allowed to deviate, Is an environmental coefficient.
7. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 4, wherein the process of calculating the obtained load factor is: acquiring torque of a rotary tillage cutter shaft, engine load rate and slip rate; carrying out ratio processing on the current rotary tillage cutter shaft torque, the engine load rate and the slip rate with the maximum allowable cutter shaft torque, the maximum allowable engine load rate and the maximum allowable slip rate respectively, and obtaining a rotary tillage cutter shaft torque index, an engine load rate index and a slip rate index after adopting a min function limiting ratio upper limit of 1; The load factor is calculated through the nonlinear combination of the torque index of the rotary blade shaft, the load factor index of the engine and the slip factor index, so that when any one of the torque index of the rotary blade shaft, the load factor index of the engine and the slip factor index approaches 1, the load factor also approaches 1, and the load factor monotonically increases along with the increase of any one of the torque index of the rotary blade shaft, the load factor index of the engine and the slip factor index.
8. The soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting according to claim 4, wherein the process of calculating the acquisition environment coefficient is: acquiring the ground gradient, the soil moisture content and the ground surface flatness; performing ratio processing on the absolute value of the current ground gradient and the maximum allowable gradient, and acquiring a ground gradient index after adopting the upper limit of the limiting ratio of the min function to be 1; determining a water content state index according to the deviation degree of the soil water content and the optimal water content and considering the allowable deviation range; Performing ratio processing on the current surface flatness and the maximum allowable surface flatness, and acquiring a surface flatness index after adopting a min function limiting ratio upper limit to be 1; and carrying out weighted summation on the ground gradient index, the soil moisture content index and the ground surface evenness index to obtain an environment coefficient.

Description

Soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a soil environment improvement device for tobacco planting. Background Tobacco is used as an important economic crop in China, the growth and development process of the tobacco is closely related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil environment, and the suitability of the soil structure directly determines the healthy development of tobacco seedling roots and the final formation of tobacco leaf quality. The rotary tillage operation is a core link of soil improvement before tobacco planting, and a loose and breathable plough layer structure is constructed for tobacco seedling transplanting by breaking soil blocks, uniformly mixing organic fertilizer and leveling earth surface. The tobacco root system shows high sensitivity to soil compactness, and if the tilling depth uniformity is insufficient or the soil crushing effect is poor in the tilling process, the root system expansion capacity is obviously inhibited, so that the balance accumulation of chemical components in tobacco leaves is disturbed, and finally the quality performance after baking is influenced. In actual operation, the rotary cultivator operation mainly relies on the experience of a driver to adjust the travelling speed, but tobacco planting areas are widely distributed in hills and mountain areas with complex terrains, the soil texture of the areas is changeable, the ground gradient fluctuation is obvious, and the soil water content difference is obvious. The traditional constant speed or simple manual speed regulation mode is difficult to adapt to dynamic working conditions such as abrupt change of soil resistance, change of topography, fluctuation of humidity and the like, so that the speed is seriously mismatched with actual working conditions. The mismatching phenomenon frequently causes the problems of overload shutdown of an engine, severe fluctuation of cultivation depth, reduction of soil crushing quality and the like, so that the integral effect of improving the soil environment is weakened, the abrasion of key parts such as a rotary tillage cutter shaft, a gear box and the like is accelerated, and the service life of equipment is shortened. Although some researches try to adopt a single parameter such as torque for feedback control, the method cannot effectively integrate the coupling relation between environmental factors and operation quality indexes, for example, in wet sticky soil, the method cannot be used for reducing speed in time, so that the adhesion and blockage of a knife roller mud block are easily caused, and in dry and hard soil, the operation efficiency is reduced and the energy consumption is increased due to the fact that the speed is too low. The existing regulation and control mechanism cannot cooperatively optimize the operation quality, the equipment health state and the fuel economy, and is difficult to meet the strict agronomic requirements of accurate tobacco planting on high-standard soil cultivation layers, so that a solution capable of realizing intelligent regulation and control by synthesizing multi-source information is needed. In view of the above, there is a need in the art for improvements. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a soil environment improving device for tobacco planting, which aims to solve the problems. The soil environment improving device for tobacco planting comprises a rotary cultivator, a rotary cultivator travelling speed self-adaptive regulating and controlling system, a health state diagnosing module and a multi-target speed deciding and executing module, wherein the rotary cultivator travelling speed self-adaptive regulating and controlling system is used for regulating the travelling speed of the rotary cultivator in real time, the rotary cultivator travelling speed self-adaptive regulating and controlling system comprises a load fusion evaluating module, an environment perception quantifying module, a quality-working condition collaborative analyzing module and a multi-target speed deciding and executing module, the load fusion evaluating module is used for calculating and acquiring a load coefficient based on torque of a rotary cultivator shaft, load rate of an engine and slip rate, the environment perception quantifying module is used for calculating and acquiring an environment coefficient based on ground gradient, soil moisture content and ground surface evenness, the quality-working condition collaborative analyzing module is used for calculating and acquiring a cooperativity coefficient according to actual tilling depth and soil crushing rate under the current load coefficient and the environment coefficient, the health state diagnosing module is used for calculating and acquiring a health coefficient based on vibration acceleration of a frame of the rota