CN-121995833-A - Voltage control method and system for microcontroller of 24V starting power supply of automobile

CN121995833ACN 121995833 ACN121995833 ACN 121995833ACN-121995833-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power management, and provides a voltage control method and a voltage control system for a microcontroller of an automobile 24V starting power supply, wherein the method comprises the steps of acquiring and managing tasks of the microcontroller in the automobile 24V starting power supply system; the method comprises the steps of identifying and asynchronously scheduling tasks of a microcontroller to obtain a voltage control task and a compensation task, setting the voltage control task to be a preset high-level priority, reserving an execution time window for the voltage control task, setting the compensation task to be a preset low-level priority, and asynchronously executing the compensation task in a system idle state. The invention has the effect of improving the stability of voltage control and the efficiency of engine starting.

Inventors

WANG XINTAO
LIANG JIE
HE LUOSHENG
SUN FENGMIN

Assignees

深圳天邦达数字能源股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260410

Claims (10)

1. A voltage control method for a 24V start power supply microcontroller of an automobile, comprising: acquiring and managing tasks of a microcontroller in a 24V starting power supply system of the automobile; the tasks of the microcontroller are identified and asynchronously scheduled, and a voltage control task and a compensation task are obtained; setting the voltage control task to be a preset high-level priority, and reserving an execution time window for the voltage control task; The voltage control task executed based on the preset high-level priority and the execution time window comprises sampling through a hardware low-pass filter to obtain an output voltage, executing a preset control algorithm according to the deviation between the output voltage and a target voltage, and calculating the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal; The compensation task is set to be a preset low-level priority and is executed asynchronously in a system idle state, and comprises the steps of activating an external reference voltage source, measuring an internal reference voltage, calculating a correction coefficient, correcting an output voltage based on the correction coefficient, acquiring local temperature information of a chip by using a distributed temperature sensor, adjusting the frequency of a clock oscillator and the linearity of an analog-to-digital converter according to the local temperature information, acquiring running state information of a pre-designated high-noise accessory, adjusting parameters of a digital filter according to the running state information, generating test current pulses, sampling transient response waveforms of the output voltage, analyzing the characteristics of the transient response waveforms to infer equivalent series resistance and effective capacitance value of an output filter capacitor, and adjusting integral coefficient and differential coefficient of a preset control algorithm according to the equivalent series resistance and the effective capacitance value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of generating test current pulses, sampling transient response waveforms of the output voltage, analyzing characteristics of the transient response waveforms to infer an equivalent series resistance and an effective capacitance value of the output filter capacitor, and adjusting an integral coefficient and a differential coefficient of a preset control algorithm according to the equivalent series resistance and the effective capacitance value comprise: monitoring the peak value of the ripple peak of the output voltage, monitoring the transient response time of the output voltage, monitoring the overshoot amplitude of the output voltage, monitoring the undervoltage amplitude of the output voltage; adjusting an integral coefficient of a preset control algorithm according to the peak value of the ripple peak, wherein the preset control algorithm is a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm; According to the transient response time, the overshoot amplitude and the undervoltage amplitude, adjusting a proportional coefficient and a differential coefficient of a preset control algorithm; verifying the parameters of the adjusted preset control algorithm to obtain a parameter verification result; Storing the parameter verification result to represent the parameters of the effective adjusted preset control algorithm; rollback of invalid adjusted parameters of the preset control algorithm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of monitoring the peak-to-peak value of the ripple of the output voltage comprises: acquiring the operation state of auxiliary equipment; Identifying transient fluctuations according to the operating state of the auxiliary equipment; correcting a voltage sampling value affected by the transient fluctuation according to the transient fluctuation; Adjusting a crest peak evaluation threshold according to the operation state of the auxiliary equipment; And monitoring the peak value of the ripple peak of the output voltage according to the corrected voltage sampling value and the adjusted peak value evaluation threshold value of the ripple peak.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of monitoring the transient response time of the output voltage comprises: acquiring the running state of auxiliary equipment with the power reaching a preset threshold value in the vehicle to obtain the running information of the appointed auxiliary equipment; When the engine start or the heavy load switching is detected, continuously acquiring output voltage at a preset high sampling rate; Identifying transient fluctuation caused by auxiliary equipment with power reaching a preset threshold according to the operation information of the appointed auxiliary equipment, distinguishing the transient fluctuation caused by the auxiliary equipment with power reaching the preset threshold from output voltage, and obtaining distinguished output voltage; identifying a time point when the differentiated output voltage deviates from the target value for the first time, and obtaining a first time point; identifying a time point when the differentiated output voltage is continuously stabilized within the target value allowable error range, and obtaining a second time point; the time interval between the first point in time and the second point in time is calculated as the transient response time.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of adjusting the proportional and differential coefficients of a preset control algorithm according to the transient response time, the overshoot amplitude, and the undervoltage amplitude comprises: judging and adjusting the influence of a proportional coefficient and a differential coefficient of a preset control algorithm on the ripple suppression effect of the integral coefficient according to the variation trend of the peak value of the ripple crest; if the effect is a negative effect, reversely adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient; increasing the integral coefficient while reversely adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient to preferentially restore the ripple suppression capability; after the ripple suppression capability is recovered preferentially, the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient are adjusted again; and continuously monitoring the peak value of the ripple peak until the peak value of the ripple peak is restored to a preset range.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of continuously monitoring the peak value of the ripple until the peak value of the ripple returns to a predetermined range comprises: acquiring current running mode information of a vehicle; According to the current running mode information of the vehicle, adjusting a preset range of peak values of the ripple peaks; Calculating the peak value of the ripple peak of the output voltage in each control period; Comparing the peak value of the ripple peak of the output voltage with the adjusted preset range to obtain a peak value comparison result; And if the peak value comparison result shows that the peak value of the ripple peak of the output voltage is in the adjusted preset range, judging that the output voltage is recovered to the preset range.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein said step of inversely adjusting said scaling factor and said differentiation factor if said impact is negative, further comprises: Obtaining the difference value between the peak value of the ripple peak of the current output voltage and the peak value of the ripple peak before the reverse adjustment; acquiring a difference value between the transient response time of the current output voltage and the transient response time before reverse adjustment; Acquiring a difference value between the overshoot amplitude of the current output voltage and the overshoot amplitude before the reverse adjustment; Acquiring a difference value between the undervoltage amplitude of the current output voltage and the undervoltage amplitude before reverse adjustment; Determining initial step sizes of the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient of the reverse adjustment according to the difference values of all types; Reversely adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient according to the initial step length; Continuously monitoring transient response time, overshoot amplitude and undervoltage amplitude of the output voltage in the process of reversely adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient; according to the transient response time, the overshoot amplitude and the undervoltage amplitude, adjusting initial step sizes of a reverse adjustment proportion coefficient and a differential coefficient to obtain adjusted step sizes; And reversely adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient again according to the adjusted step length.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein said step of increasing said integral factor while reversely adjusting said proportional factor and said derivative factor to preferentially restore ripple suppression capability comprises: acquiring the instantaneous change rate of the current system load; acquiring dynamic fluctuation information of the internal resistance of the battery; Acquiring actual switching loss information of a power switch tube; Determining the increasing step length of the integral coefficient according to the change trend of the peak value of the ripple wave, the instantaneous change rate of the system load, the dynamic fluctuation information of the internal resistance of the battery and the actual switching loss information of the power switch tube; and increasing the integral coefficient according to the increasing step length.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of readjusting the proportional coefficient and the derivative coefficient after the ripple suppression capability is preferentially restored comprises: Monitoring the instantaneous rate of change of the system load current; Judging whether the instantaneous change rate exceeds a preset threshold value or not to obtain an instantaneous change judgment result; if the instantaneous change judgment result indicates yes, the adjustment of the current proportion coefficient and the differential coefficient is suspended; restoring the scaling factor and the differential factor to the last verified parameter; starting a quick recovery mode, and preferentially guaranteeing the stability of output voltage; restarting the adjustment process of the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient after the instantaneous change rate is recovered below a preset threshold value and the output voltage is stabilized within a target range; and adjusting the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient according to the adjustment progress before suspension and the current system state.
10. A voltage control system of a microcontroller of a 24V starting power supply of an automobile for performing voltage control of the microcontroller of the 24V starting power supply of the automobile, comprising: the control task acquisition module is used for acquiring and managing tasks of a microcontroller in the 24V starting power supply system of the automobile; the task asynchronous scheduling module is used for identifying and asynchronously scheduling the tasks of the microcontroller to obtain a voltage control task and a compensation task; the voltage control setting module is used for setting the voltage control task to be a preset high-level priority and reserving an execution time window for the voltage control task; The output voltage control module is used for carrying out the voltage control task based on the preset high-level priority and the execution time window, and comprises sampling through a hardware low-pass filter to obtain output voltage, executing a preset control algorithm according to the deviation between the output voltage and the target voltage, and calculating the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal; The compensation task execution module is used for setting the compensation task to be a preset low-level priority and executing asynchronously in a system idle state, and comprises the steps of activating an external reference voltage source, measuring an internal reference voltage, calculating a correction coefficient, correcting an output voltage based on the correction coefficient, acquiring local temperature information of a chip by using a distributed temperature sensor, adjusting the frequency of a clock oscillator and the linearity of an analog-to-digital converter according to the local temperature information, acquiring operation state information of a pre-designated high-noise accessory, adjusting parameters of a digital filter according to the operation state information, generating test current pulses, sampling transient response waveforms of the output voltage, analyzing the characteristics of the transient response waveforms to infer an equivalent series resistance and an effective capacitance value of an output filter capacitor, and adjusting integral coefficient and differential coefficient of a preset control algorithm according to the equivalent series resistance and the effective capacitance value.

Description

Voltage control method and system for microcontroller of 24V starting power supply of automobile Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power management, in particular to a voltage control method and a voltage control system for a microcontroller of an automobile 24V starting power supply. Background In modern automotive electrical systems, a 24V start power module is a key component to ensure smooth engine start and to protect on-board electronics. The module is typically driven by a microcontroller core, which regulates the output through precise voltage control. At the output end of the 24V start-up power module, a large-capacity filter capacitor is usually configured to smooth the output voltage and suppress the ripple. However, under severe conditions of long-term vibration, temperature cycle and multiple heavy-current discharge of the vehicle, the internal structure of the output filter capacitors can change, so that the equivalent series resistance of the output filter capacitors is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the effective capacitance value is slightly reduced. When the equivalent series resistance increases, under the transient impact of a large current required for engine starting, the current flowing through the capacitor can generate a larger voltage drop on the equivalent series resistance inside the capacitor, so that the ripple of the power supply output voltage becomes more obvious and is more difficult to effectively inhibit. To address the challenges presented by hardware aging, some adaptive tuning logic is typically included in the firmware program of the microcontroller. This addition of compensatory computational tasks, while able to improve the accuracy of the voltage measurement and the stability of the control to some extent, also takes up valuable processing time from the microcontroller. At such a time when the engine is started and a quick response is required, such an additional computational load may cause an unstable minute delay in the execution cycle of the main voltage control program, thereby reducing the transient response speed and accuracy of the voltage control. When all of these factors, which are accumulated by aging and usage habits, occur simultaneously, conventional fixed parameter microcontroller voltage control methods will be difficult to implement. It cannot realize the required high precision, ultrafast response and robustness simultaneously in the dynamic engine starting process so as to stably output 24V voltage. This may lead to voltage overshoots, undervoltages or excessive settling times at the moment of engine start-up, which in turn affect sensitive vehicle electronics and even reduce the efficiency and reliability of engine start-up. In view of the above, there is a need in the art for improvements. Disclosure of Invention The application discloses a voltage control method and a voltage control system for a microcontroller of an automobile 24V starting power supply, and aims to solve the problems that in a modern automobile electrical system, the traditional voltage control method is difficult to realize high-precision, ultra-fast response and robustness simultaneously under transient high-current impact such as engine starting and the like so as to influence on-board electronic equipment and engine starting efficiency due to challenges in maintaining high-precision, fast response and stable output caused by factors such as component aging, environmental change, compensation task increase and the like. The technical scheme of the application is as follows: In a first aspect, the application discloses a voltage control method for a microcontroller of a 24V starting power supply of an automobile, which comprises the following steps: acquiring and managing tasks of a microcontroller in a 24V starting power supply system of the automobile; the tasks of the microcontroller are identified and asynchronously scheduled, and a voltage control task and a compensation task are obtained; setting the voltage control task as a preset high-level priority, and reserving an execution time window for the voltage control task; The method comprises the steps of performing a voltage control task based on a preset high-level priority and an execution time window, wherein the voltage control task comprises sampling through a hardware low-pass filter to obtain an output voltage, performing a preset control algorithm according to the deviation between the output voltage and a target voltage, and calculating the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal; The compensation task is set to be a preset low-level priority and is asynchronously executed in a system idle state, and comprises the steps of activating an external reference voltage source, measuring an internal reference voltage, calculating a correction coefficient, correcting an output voltage based on the correction coefficient, acquiring local temperature information of