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CN-121995849-A - Precise part efficient machining system based on intelligent optimization of tool path

CN121995849ACN 121995849 ACN121995849 ACN 121995849ACN-121995849-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of precise numerical control machining and intelligent manufacturing, and discloses a precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent tool path optimization, which sequentially comprises a multi-source physical sensing module, a dynamic manifold construction module, a path autonomous evolution module and a Liqun error compensation module which are connected with each other through data; the multi-source physical sensing module is used for collecting multi-source sensing data in the processing process in real time, mapping the multi-source sensing data into cutting impedance tensors with direction attributes by combining the feeding direction of a cutter, and the dynamic manifold construction module. By establishing a plum group The space error covariant mapping compensation model overcomes the nonlinear coupling problem in the traditional multi-axis processing error compensation, and the system extracts the gradient change of the manifold physical field by utilizing the covariant derivative, and accurately maps the gradient change into the error torsion in the lie algebra space through the accompanying action, thereby greatly improving the geometric precision and the motion stability of dynamic error compensation in complex curved surface processing.

Inventors

  • LI JIAN
  • WANG LEI

Assignees

  • 苏州市新鸿基精密部品有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260122

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The precise component efficient processing system based on intelligent optimization of the tool path is characterized by sequentially comprising a multi-source physical sensing module, a dynamic manifold construction module, a path autonomous evolution module and a prune group error compensation module which are connected with each other through data interaction; The multi-source physical sensing module is used for collecting multi-source sensing data in the processing process in real time and mapping the multi-source sensing data into cutting impedance tensors with direction attributes by combining with the feeding direction of a cutter; The dynamic manifold construction module is used for receiving the cutting impedance tensor, fusing the cutting impedance tensor with the basic geometric constraint of a workpiece, and constructing an anisotropic Finsler manifold space, wherein the geometric measurement field of the Finsler manifold space evolves in real time along with the numerical variation of the cutting impedance tensor so as to change the equivalent distance of each part of the space; The path autonomous evolution module is used for planning a self-adaptive evolution tool path capable of avoiding a high-curvature high-impedance area in the Finiler manifold space by solving a geodesic differential equation of an energy functional minimum value in the Finiler manifold space; The prune group error compensation module is used for analyzing the geometric variation of the self-adaptive evolution tool path relative to the nominal path based on the differential mapping relation between the prune group space and the prune algebra space, generating a multi-axis linkage compensation instruction adapting to the kinematics of the multi-axis machine tool, and driving the machine tool to execute machining in real time by utilizing the multi-axis linkage compensation instruction.
  2. 2. The precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent path optimization according to claim 1, wherein the specific configuration of the multisource physical perception module to construct the cutting impedance tensor is as follows: acquiring the load current of the main shaft and the vibration acceleration of the tool nose in real time as the multisource sensing data; calculating a current cutter feeding unit direction vector; and applying the amplitude of the spindle load current to a vector characteristic of a vector along the feeding unit direction of the cutter by using tensor product operation, and weighting and synthesizing the cutting impedance tensor by taking the amplitude of the cutter tip vibration acceleration as an isotropic component.
  3. 3. The precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent tool path optimization according to claim 1, wherein in the dynamic manifold construction module, a geometrical measurement field of the finnish manifold space is formed by linear superposition of euclidean measurement and the cutting impedance tensor; The superposition process comprises an anisotropic correction factor which is dynamically calculated according to the included angle between the tool feed direction and the workpiece material property main axis and is used for adjusting the weights of the cutting impedance tensor in different directions so as to endow the Finsler manifold space direction dependent measurement properties.
  4. 4. The tool path intelligent optimization-based precision component efficient machining system of claim 3, wherein the dynamic manifold construction module is configured to: when the tool feed direction coincides with the weak stiffness direction of the workpiece material, the corresponding metrology weight is increased by the anisotropic correction factor, resulting in an increase of the local spatial curvature of the finnish manifold space in that direction.
  5. 5. The precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent path optimization according to claim 1, wherein the specific configuration of the path autonomous evolution module to generate the adaptive evolution path is as follows: calculating an injection coefficient characterizing a nonlinear connection based on the metric function of the finnish manifold space and its partial derivative; constructing a second-order geodesic differential equation containing the injection coefficient and the constraint force of the geometric tolerance zone; And solving the second-order geodesic differential equation through numerical integration to obtain a tool position point sequence at the next moment, wherein the tool position point sequence forms the self-adaptive evolution tool path with the minimum cutting potential energy in a tolerance zone constraint range.
  6. 6. The precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent tool path optimization according to claim 1, wherein the specific configuration of the generation of the multi-axis linkage compensation command by the prune group error compensation module is as follows: calculating the covariant derivative of the metric tensor of the Finsler manifold space along the cutter feeding direction to extract the spatial gradient change rate caused by a physical field; And transforming the spatial gradient change rate from a local coordinate system of the tool to a coordinate system of a machine tool base by utilizing an accompanying operator of the lie group, and generating an error torsion quantity in the lie algebra space by combining a servo stiffness matrix of the machine tool.
  7. 7. The intelligent path optimization-based precision component efficient machining system according to claim 6, wherein the stock error compensation module is further configured to: Converting the error torque into a special Euclidean group by using an exponential mapping function The correction matrix in (a); And superposing the correction matrix on a pose matrix of the nominal processing path to obtain the final multi-axis linkage compensation instruction.
  8. 8. The precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent path optimization according to claim 1, further comprising a octal geometric prediction correction module for connecting with the dynamic manifold construction module; the Xin Jihe prediction correction module is used for constructing a dual-octyl space containing real manifold and virtual manifold; the real manifold is driven by the multi-source sensing data at the current moment, and the virtual manifold is constructed based on the processing history data of the tool path of the last row and is used for storing the history momentum distribution of the cutting load.
  9. 9. The efficient tool path intelligent optimization-based precision component machining system according to claim 8, wherein the Xin Jihe prediction correction module operates according to the following mechanism: deducing load state distribution in front of the current tool path in the virtual manifold by utilizing a Hamiltonian flow evolution equation; when the cutting impedance mutation in front is predicted, a feedforward adjusting signal is generated and sent to the dynamic manifold construction module, and the construction parameters of the Finsler manifold space are adjusted in advance, so that the manifold curvature is deformed in advance before the cutter reaches the mutation point.
  10. 10. A numerically controlled machine tool, characterized in that the precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent optimization of tool paths according to any one of claims 1-9 is integrated and deployed in a real-time control kernel of the numerically controlled machine tool, and the calculation periods of the path autonomous evolution module and the prune group error compensation module are synchronized with the interpolation period of the numerically controlled machine tool.

Description

Precise part efficient machining system based on intelligent optimization of tool path Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of precise numerical control machining and intelligent manufacturing, in particular to a precise component efficient machining system based on intelligent optimization of a tool path. Background Efficient machining of precision parts is a core technical challenge in the field of high-end equipment manufacturing, and along with continuous improvement of requirements of aerospace, medical equipment, mold manufacturing and other industries on part precision, surface quality and material difficult-to-machine property, the traditional numerical control (CNC) machining technology faces serious tests. The prior art has made remarkable progress in tool path optimization, and is mainly characterized in that on one hand, an offline geometric and physical simulation technology, such as commercial Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, generates a smooth NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline) tool path based on a geometric model, and the feeding speed is adjusted in a segmented mode through a preset cutting force or Material Removal Rate (MRR) model to obtain macroscopic stability of a machining process, and on the other hand, an online adaptive control (ACC) technology, and on the other hand, linear deceleration is carried out on the feeding multiplying power (Override) of a machine tool in real time when the signal exceeds a preset threshold value so as to prevent tool damage or tool breakage caused by sudden overload. However, when the prior art is applied to high-dynamic and micron-level precise machining, the limitation that the off-line simulation model can not avoid macroscopic collision in advance is still existed, but dynamic time-varying factors existing in the actual machining, such as non-uniformity (such as hard points) in the blank material, trace abrasion accumulation of a cutter during cutting and workpiece local deformation caused by residual stress release, are not predicted, when the dynamic factors occur, the traditional ACC system can only perform reactive deceleration processing, the space track (geometric path) of the cutter once generated is regarded as rigid constraint, micro adjustment cannot be performed, the translational strategy which is only adjusted in the time domain (speed) and kept fixed in the space domain (path) cannot fundamentally avoid the direction change, the local rigidity deficiency or resonance frequency region in the cutting process, and particularly for linkage machining, the traditional error compensation technology often adopts linear superposition or Euler angle description, and is difficult to precisely process the high nonlinear coupling error between a rotating shaft, so that the compensation precision is insufficient, and mathematical singular points easily occur in a specific attitude are easily generated. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a precise component efficient processing system based on intelligent tool path optimization, which solves the problems that in the existing precise processing technology, tool path tracks are limited by static geometric planning, and autonomous reconstruction and self-adaptive avoidance of space dimension cannot be performed according to dynamic time-varying characteristics of multidimensional physical fields such as real-time cutting force, vibration and the like, so that the processing efficiency and micron-level precision are difficult to ensure simultaneously under complex nonlinear working conditions. The precise component high-efficiency processing system based on intelligent tool path optimization sequentially comprises a multi-source physical sensing module, a dynamic manifold construction module, a path autonomous evolution module and a plum cluster error compensation module which are connected with each other through data interaction; The multi-source physical sensing module is used for collecting multi-source sensing data in the processing process in real time and mapping the multi-source sensing data into cutting impedance tensors with direction attributes by combining with the feeding direction of a cutter; The dynamic manifold construction module is used for receiving the cutting impedance tensor, fusing the cutting impedance tensor with the basic geometric constraint of a workpiece, and constructing an anisotropic Finsler manifold space, wherein the geometric measurement field of the Finsler manifold space evolves in real time along with the numerical variation of the cutting impedance tensor so as to change the equivalent distance of each part of the space; The path autonomous evolution module is used for planning a self-adaptive evolution tool path capable of avoiding a high-curvature high-impedance area in the Finiler manifold space by solving a geodesic differential equation of an energy functional minimum va