CN-121997382-A - Block chain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method

CN121997382ACN 121997382 ACN121997382 ACN 121997382ACN-121997382-A

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of blockchains, and particularly relates to a blockchain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method, which comprises a blockchain trusted sensor node, an enterprise node and an audit node which are deployed in workshops or equipment; the group signature, the double-chain certificate storage and the audit arbitration are combined to form a complete trusted framework, and the double-chain framework with separated data chain and audit chain is adopted to realize efficient certificate storage and audit isolation.

Inventors

SI XUEMING
WEI JINGFENG
YAO ZHONGYUAN
ZHU WEIHUA

Assignees

中原工学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260112

Claims (8)

1. The blockchain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and auditing method is characterized by comprising a blockchain trusted sensor node, an enterprise node and an auditing node which are deployed in workshops or equipment; The block chain trusted sensor nodes are deployed at emission sources, periodically collect data, and upload the collected data after signing the collected data by using a group signature mechanism; The enterprise node is used as a group administrator node in a group signature scheme and is responsible for system initialization, distributing group private key parameters for the blockchain trusted sensor node, calculating and maintaining a group public key, participating in verification and confirmation of an audit result and assuming signature deblocking and responsibility positioning when disputes occur; The audit node is used as a supervision and public communication node and is responsible for rechecking and confirming the audit result, calling an arbitration contract under the condition of audit failure or dispute, participating in the arbitration process in cooperation with the enterprise node, and finally confirming the arbitration result and uploading and storing the arbitration result; The block chain adopts a double-chain architecture with separated data chain and audit chain; the data chain certification is that the audit node generates a first block after verification and stores the original data; audit chain certification, wherein audit information is written into the audit chain and is jointly verified by enterprise nodes and government nodes.
2. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method of carbon emissions data of claim 1, wherein the initializing and key distribution is as follows: The block chain platform is used as a group management center to randomly generate large prime numbers p, q and calculate public key parameters And selecting a secure hash function h (); by Euler function (K) = (p-1) (q-1), generating private key d and public key parameter e of the enterprise node, satisfying: ; the enterprise node serves as a group administrator, and distributes group private key parameters to each block chain trusted sensor node according to a group signature scheme And calculating a group public key (k, e, c), c group public key parameters; the blockchain network firstly registers all node identity information during initialization, including the blockchain trusted sensor node ID, the enterprise node ID and the audit node ID, so as to support subsequent identity verification and arbitration.
3. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method of carbon emission data of claim 1, wherein the carbon emission data collection and group signature steps are as follows: Step one, periodically collecting carbon emission data m by using a block chain trusted sensor node deployed in a workshop or equipment; step two, the block chain trusted sensor node uses self group private key Signing the acquired data m to obtain a first signature result , wherein, For the group generator, the verifier can confirm that the verifier is signed by the group member through the group public key; step three, a step (m) is carried out, ) Sending to a third party audit node; and step four, the block chain trusted sensor nodes upload data in batches according to fixed time intervals.
4. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method of carbon emissions data of claim 1, wherein the step of data chain certification is as follows: step one, the auditing node verifies the signature result by using the group public key, and if the verification is not passed, the signature result is discarded; After verification, the auditing node uses the private key to sign the data for the second time to obtain a second signature result ; Step three, the auditing node will (m, , ) Packing into a first block Broadcasting to a network, and writing in a data chain to form an original data storage certificate; and step four, distinguishing direct carbon emission data from indirect carbon emission data during data chain storage, and forming a structured index.
5. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method of carbon emission data of claim 1, wherein the audit chain certification steps are as follows: Step one, an auditing node executes auditing intelligent contracts, and compliance verification and emission calculation are carried out on carbon emission data; step two, generating audit information and audit results, and packaging the audit information and audit results into a second block Broadcasting to enterprise nodes and audit nodes; step three, after the enterprise node and the audit node pass the verification, will be Adding a local audit chain and returning confirmation information to the audit node; And fourthly, the audit chain stores not only results, but also calculation logic of emission factor selection rules and emission conversion rules, wherein the rules are stored in an intelligent contract form, automatic audit is realized, a carbon audit certificate is generated, and audit nodes automatically call and execute the rules when executing audit contracts, so that different nodes are ensured to obtain consistent results under the same rule version.
6. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method for carbon emissions data of claim 1, wherein the audit employs a majority validation mechanism, the rules being as follows: The system counts the number of enterprise nodes and audit nodes returning the confirmation information, and if the number exceeds two thirds, the completion of audit is confirmed; otherwise, judging the audit failure, feeding back failure information to the audit node, and initiating further verification by the audit node.
7. The blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method of carbon emission data of claim 1, wherein the step of arbitrating is as follows: Step one, when an audit result is in dispute, other nodes except the audit node can trigger an arbitration contract; Step two, the arbitration process takes the enterprise node as a group administrator to participate, and utilizes the authority solution Feng Qun signature of the group administrator to recover the identity of the sensor node which actually submits the data according to the group signature parameters The audit node performs final confirmation based on the arbitration result and writes the arbitration conclusion into an audit chain; The arbitration link supports multiparty arbitration, namely, the enterprise node and the government node are required to be subjected to double deblocking, the enterprise node and the audit node are required to respectively submit deblocking shares, and the identity of the blockchain trusted sensor node can be recovered only under the cooperation of the enterprise node and the audit node.
8. The blockchain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method of claim 1, further comprising node expansion and key updating: when a newly added blockchain trusted sensor node is added, the enterprise node receives an addition request, recalculates a group public key parameter c' to generate a new group public key, generates and distributes a group private key for the newly added node, and formally becomes a group member after the new node verifies the group private key; The enterprise node broadcasts a group public key update block to the whole network after the key update to ensure that all nodes use the unified latest group public key.

Description

Block chain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of blockchain, and particularly relates to a blockchain-based trusted transaction and audit method for carbon emission data. Background The collection and audit of carbon emission data are important links for achieving the aim of double carbon. With the advancement of carbon market construction, how to realize transparent traceable audit while guaranteeing data authenticity and privacy becomes a dual requirement of technology and policy. The existing blockchain audit scheme generally adopts ring signature or group signature to protect the privacy of a data uploading person, guarantees the integrity and anonymity of a certificate stored on a chain, but lacks a responsibility tracking mechanism, and once the data has abnormality, specific responsibility nodes cannot be revealed, so that the privacy protection and traceability are difficult to be considered. Under the high fluctuation scene of carbon quota trade, partial schemes try to match through a time stamp or a cost priority mode, but the utilization of short-term trends is ignored, and price discovery distortion and trade unfairness can be caused. This further highlights the necessity of building a "trusted acquisition-efficient forensics-audit arbitration" integrated architecture in carbon market supervision. Disclosure of Invention Based on the problems, the application provides a block chain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method, which combines group signature, double-chain certification and audit arbitration to form a complete trusted framework. The technical proposal is as follows: A block chain-based carbon emission data trusted transaction and audit method comprises block chain trusted sensor nodes, enterprise nodes and audit nodes which are deployed in workshops or equipment; The block chain trusted sensor nodes are deployed at emission sources, periodically collect data, and upload the collected data after signing the collected data by using a group signature mechanism; The enterprise node is used as a group administrator node in a group signature scheme and is responsible for system initialization, distributing group private key parameters for the blockchain trusted sensor node, calculating and maintaining a group public key, participating in verification and confirmation of an audit result and assuming signature deblocking and responsibility positioning when disputes occur; The audit node is used as a supervision and public communication node and is responsible for rechecking and confirming the audit result, calling an arbitration contract under the condition of audit failure or dispute, participating in the arbitration process in cooperation with the enterprise node, and finally confirming the arbitration result and uploading and storing the arbitration result; The block chain adopts a double-chain architecture with separated data chain and audit chain; the data chain certification is that the audit node generates a first block after verification and stores the original data; audit chain certification, wherein audit information is written into the audit chain and is jointly verified by enterprise nodes and government nodes. Preferably, the initialization and key assignment is as follows: The block chain platform is used as a group management center to randomly generate large prime numbers p and q, and calculate a public key parameter k=p Q, and selecting a secure hash function h (); by Euler function (K) = (p-1) (q-1), generating private key d and public key parameter e of the enterprise node, satisfying: ; the enterprise node serves as a group administrator, and distributes group private key parameters to each block chain trusted sensor node according to a group signature scheme And calculating a group public key (k, e, c), c group public key parameters; the blockchain network firstly registers all node identity information during initialization, including the blockchain trusted sensor node ID, the enterprise node ID and the audit node ID, so as to support subsequent identity verification and arbitration. Preferably, the steps of carbon emission data collection and group signature are as follows: Step one, periodically collecting carbon emission data m by using a block chain trusted sensor node deployed in a workshop or equipment; step two, the block chain trusted sensor node uses self group private key Signing the acquired data m to obtain a first signature result, wherein,For the group generator, the verifier can confirm that the verifier is signed by the group member through the group public key; step three, a step (m) is carried out, ) Sending to a third party audit node; and step four, the block chain trusted sensor nodes upload data in batches according to fixed time intervals. Preferably, the data chain authentication steps are as follows: step one, the auditing node veri