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CN-121997424-A - Rural residential thermal environment optimization method based on microclimate simulation and resident preference

CN121997424ACN 121997424 ACN121997424 ACN 121997424ACN-121997424-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rural residential thermal environment optimization method based on microclimate simulation and resident preference, which mainly comprises the steps of constructing a three-dimensional microclimate model of a target site by utilizing thermal environment simulation software, setting different thermal environment design variables, obtaining thermal environment performance indexes under a plurality of design scenes by simulation, determining key attributes and level values affecting the merits of a thermal environment reconstruction scheme, generating a selection set, establishing a structured questionnaire, carrying out three-dimensional visualization and interactive design based on the obtained structured questionnaire, obtaining interviewee data, and identifying an optimal design scene scheme taking the resident preference and excellent thermal performance into account by carrying out coupling analysis on the resident preference and the thermal environment performance indexes obtained by microclimate simulation based on the obtained interviewee data. The invention breaks through the limitation of the traditional method in terms of sensing data expression, design parameter simulation, multi-objective conflict coordination and the like, and provides a new path for adaptive planning and design.

Inventors

  • LI QIUSHAN

Assignees

  • 四川大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260126

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for optimizing a rural residential thermal environment based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences, the method comprising: constructing a three-dimensional microclimate model of a target site by using thermal environment simulation software, setting different thermal environment design variables, and obtaining thermal environment performance indexes under a plurality of design scenes through simulation; Determining key attributes and level values affecting the merits of the thermal environment modification scheme based on a discrete selection test method, generating a selection set based on the determined key attributes and level values, and establishing a structured questionnaire based on the obtained selection set; Performing three-dimensional visualization and interactive design based on the obtained structured questionnaire, and obtaining interviewee questionnaire data; Based on the obtained interviewee data, the preference modeling is used for quantifying the preference intensity of residents on different design scenes, and the coupling analysis is carried out on the resident preference and the thermal environment performance index obtained by microclimate simulation, so that the optimal design scene scheme which takes the resident preference and excellent thermal performance into account is identified.
  2. 2. The method for optimizing the thermal environment of a rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preference according to claim 1, wherein the method for optimizing the thermal environment of the rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preference is characterized in that a three-dimensional microclimate model of a target site is constructed by using thermal environment simulation software, different thermal environment design variables are set, and thermal environment performance indexes under a plurality of design situations are obtained through simulation and simulation, and specifically comprises the following steps: Obtaining modeling basic data of a research sample plot through sample plot investigation, wherein the modeling basic data comprise typical vegetation parameters and building parameters; Acquiring meteorological data of a research sample area through field measurement, wherein the meteorological data of the field measurement are used for model precision evaluation, and the meteorological data comprise air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed; constructing a three-dimensional microclimate model of a target site by using ENVI-met software and performing simulation, wherein the simulation comprises site model construction, vegetation model construction, building material parameter setting, meteorological boundary condition input and operation simulation; The index data directly output by simulation comprises air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and average radiation temperature data, and is imported RayMan into software for secondary correction and calculation, and the standard human body parameters are combined to calculate the thermal comfort index comprising the physiological equivalent temperature and the general thermal climate index.
  3. 3. The method for optimizing the thermal environment of the rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preference as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for optimizing the thermal environment of the rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preference is characterized in that a three-dimensional microclimate model of a target site is constructed by using thermal environment simulation software, different thermal environment design variables are set, and thermal environment performance indexes under a plurality of design situations are obtained through simulation and simulation, and specifically comprises the following steps: Based on the obtained thermal environment performance index, constructing and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation index by adopting a principal component analysis method, wherein the comprehensive evaluation index is a composite outdoor thermal comfort index; And taking the composite outdoor thermal comfort index value as an input variable, dividing all design scenes by adopting a K-means clustering algorithm, classifying the design scenes into three categories by clustering analysis, respectively representing different thermal environment quality, namely comfort type, transition type and uncomfortable type, and checking a clustering result by using a contour coefficient and a davison bauding index.
  4. 4. The method for optimizing the thermal environment of a rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences according to claim 1, wherein the determining of key attributes and level values affecting the quality of the thermal environment modification scheme comprises the following steps: the key attribute identification process is carried out in the following three stages: firstly, carding the prior space preference research based on discrete selection experiments according to research content to obtain that the rural residence selection modeling needs to simultaneously contain physical space attributes and perception or ecological attributes; Secondly, by developing depth interviews on residents, the environmental factors of the village residents which are highly valued by the residents are known, and the factors of comfort, maintenance cost and aesthetic characteristics are directly influenced; Finally, combining the field investigation and the policy document analysis, further refining the attribute set into related variables conforming to the current rural development, ecological care and rural construction practice, and finally determining key attributes; Reasonable level values are set for all attributes, the level values are derived from the basis of field investigation, pre-investigation and literature, theoretical logic and actual conditions are considered, and the level quantity is controlled to be adapted to the age structure and the cognitive level of village residents so as to avoid increasing the complexity of experimental design and the cognitive burden of interviewees.
  5. 5. A method of optimizing a rural residential thermal environment based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences as recited in claim 4, wherein the key attributes include: the building structure comprises a roof, an outer vertical surface and ground materials; Space greening, including vegetation types, coverage, width/height and configuration modes; Thermal performance, which is to include physiological equivalent temperature or general thermal climate index value interval obtained by simulation; the use and maintenance comprises maintenance frequency and cost prompt; The perceived cultural nature comprises the nature of materials and the consistency of traditional appearances.
  6. 6. A method of optimizing a rural residential thermal environment based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences according to claim 1, wherein generating a selection set based on determined key attributes and level values and creating a structured questionnaire based on the resulting selection set, comprises: The method comprises the steps of generating a selection set, namely generating a plurality of groups of orthogonal selection sets which have statistical efficiency and are independent of each other by adopting SPSS or Ngene software based on determined attributes and corresponding level values and utilizing an orthogonal experiment design function, wherein each selection set comprises a scheme A, a scheme B and a current situation non-selection/maintenance option, wherein the current situation non-selection/maintenance option is incorporated to effectively avoid preference overestimation error caused by forced selection; Questionnaire design, namely, designing a structured questionnaire based on the obtained selection set, wherein the questionnaire is divided into the following three logic progressive parts: The first part is thermal comfort perception and living environment evaluation, namely according to an ASHRAE thermal comfort standard simplified scale, a plurality of groups of problems are used for knowing the thermal perception, the overall satisfaction degree, mainly unsatisfactory environmental factors and main cooling means of the current living environment of interviewees; The second part is a core link, which is to clearly explain each attribute and definition and visual effect of different level values of each attribute to a interviewee by using a 3D scene graph so as to overcome understanding barrier of pure text description and enhance sense of reality and substitution sense of scenes, wherein each interviewee sequentially completes 12 groups of carefully designed selection sets; The third part is socioeconomic characteristic information collection, wherein after all the selection tasks are completed, questionnaires inquire about the individual and family socioeconomic characteristics of interviewees in a more natural way, including age, gender, education level, family annual income, living years and existing housing types, and the corresponding variables are used as key explanatory variables of the analysis preference heterogeneity of the subsequent metering model and are used for deeply understanding the systematic differences of groups of different economic capacities, cultural backgrounds and living experiences in updating selection.
  7. 7. A method of optimizing a rural residential thermal environment based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences according to claim 1, wherein generating a selection set based on determined key attributes and level values and creating a structured questionnaire based on the resulting selection set, comprises: Questionnaire implementation design: The questionnaire investigation date needs to cover working days and rest days so as to improve the coverage and representativeness of the sample; daily investigation work is arranged in a time period in which a plurality of residents are easy to access, family members with different daily activities are contacted and covered, and selection bias caused by single access time is reduced; The investigation adopts a one-to-one face-to-face interview mode, so that the communication is sufficient and the understanding is accurate; Before formally starting the data collection work, carrying out unified and standardized special training on all investigators participating in the field investigation; All the recovered questionnaire data are thoroughly anonymized after being input and are stored in an encrypted special storage device, and the access right is strictly limited to the members of the research core team; Before each interview begins, the investigator clearly and completely explains the study purpose, main content, expected time consumption and rights enjoyed by the investigation to the potential participants, and clearly informs participation to exit without reason at any time based on the principle of voluntary action; In a specific sampling and access implementation link, determining a visited user by adopting a method combining system sampling or random sampling in each preselected aggregation, visiting 3 to 5 families according to sampling results, reducing cluster effect generated by excessive sample concentration, improving the uniformity of samples in space distribution, and finally removing invalid questionnaires according to requirements; And calculating the minimum sample size of discrete selection according to the thumb rule proposed by Orme, ensuring that the sample size meets the basic requirement of the discrete selection experimental design on the sample size, and ensuring the statistical effectiveness of subsequent analysis.
  8. 8. A method for optimizing the thermal environment of a rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional visualization and interactive design is performed based on the resulting structured questionnaire and interviewee data is obtained, comprising: Three-dimensional visualization, namely generating a residential model in a Sketch up software through pattern investigation and mapping and performing image rendering through rendering software, wherein each group of selection tasks is presented in a carefully rendered 3D scene graph, key residential attributes are systematically changed in the graph, and corresponding assumption cost is clearly marked; the interactive design is that a structured questionnaire is imported into a web page questionnaire system, a interviewee can switch a visual angle viewing scheme, and a scene model, thermal comfort level tone coverage, interactive operation and reselection preference can be rotated; And data return, namely automatically storing the selection behaviors of the interviewee and the socioeconomic characteristic information of the interviewee.
  9. 9. The method for optimizing the thermal environment of a rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences according to claim 1, wherein the method for optimizing the thermal environment of the rural residential building based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences comprises the steps of quantifying the preference intensity of residents on different design scenes through preference modeling, and identifying an optimal design scene which takes the resident preferences and excellent thermal performance into consideration through coupling analysis of the resident preferences and thermal environment performance indexes obtained through microclimate simulation, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: preprocessing and variable coding are carried out on the recovered questionnaire data, and a plurality of groups of selection data of each interviewee are matched with the unique socioeconomic characteristic data of each interviewee, so that a 'long format' panel data set for model estimation is constructed; the discrete selection model construction and estimation comprises the steps of constructing three types of discrete selection models through Stata software to form a gradient optimization model system to accurately capture resident preferences, wherein a model 1 is a conditional logic model without personal economic characteristic variables, a model 2 is a mixed logic model with personal economic characteristic variables, and a model 3 is a panel mixed logic model for controlling individual layer repeated observation effects; Performing fitting goodness test on the three discrete selection models, taking the log likelihood value as a core index, and ensuring that the model verifies the overall robustness and data suitability of the model through chi-square test; And (3) marginal willingness-to-pay analysis, namely calculating point estimation of unit change value of the non-price selection attribute by using a formula in order to analyze marginal value of different residence environment attributes, wherein the point estimation is used for measuring the ratio between the coefficient of a certain attribute in a utility function and the price attribute coefficient of an individual: Wherein, the Expressed as attributes Is a marginal willingness-to-pay of (c) to pay, Is attribute of The corresponding coefficient of utility is used to determine, Identifying the selection preference of residents on the living environment attributes by sequencing marginal payment willingness of different living environment attributes; and (3) coupling analysis and result output, namely calculating utility scores of each design scene based on the estimation result of the panel mixed Logit model, wherein the utility scores consist of deterministic utility components in the model, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: Wherein V njt represents the deterministic utility of individual n in task t from scheme j, x k,jt is the specific level of the kth attribute in scheme j, β k is the fixed coefficient or average random coefficient of the kth attribute estimated from the panel hybrid Logit model; And (3) carrying out parallel comparison and association analysis on utility scores of different design scenes and a composite outdoor thermal comfort index obtained through microclimate simulation and principal component analysis, and identifying an optimal design scene scheme taking the preference of residents and excellent thermal performance into consideration.
  10. 10. A rural residential thermal environment optimization system based on microclimate simulation and resident preferences, the system comprising: The microclimate simulation module is used for constructing a three-dimensional microclimate model of the target site by using thermal environment simulation software, setting different thermal environment design variables and obtaining thermal environment performance indexes under a plurality of design scenes through simulation; The questionnaire design module is used for determining key attributes and level values affecting the merits of the thermal environment modification scheme based on a discrete selection test method, generating a selection set based on the determined key attributes and level values, and establishing a structured questionnaire based on the obtained selection set; The questionnaire data acquisition module is used for carrying out three-dimensional visualization and interactive design based on the obtained structured questionnaire and acquiring interviewee data; The statistical analysis module is used for quantifying the preference intensity of residents on different design scenes through preference modeling based on the obtained interviewee questionnaire data, and identifying the optimal design scene scheme taking the resident preference and excellent thermal performance into consideration through coupling analysis of the resident preference and the thermal environment performance index obtained through microclimate simulation.

Description

Rural residential thermal environment optimization method based on microclimate simulation and resident preference Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of urban and rural human living environment design and evaluation, in particular to a rural residential thermal environment optimization method based on microclimate simulation and resident preference. Background In the field of urban and rural living environment planning and building design, along with the aggravation of climate change and frequent high-temperature and high-wave events, the traditional passive climate adaptation design method taking experience as a dominant one faces a plurality of challenges. Currently, improving the thermal comfort of living environments has become a key issue to be solved in urban and rural updating and rural vibration processes. Especially in the traditional convergence with regional cultural characteristics, how to maintain the architectural landscape and resident cultural acceptance while adjusting the thermal environment performance through natural solutions becomes a dual goal in design decision. In the prior art, thermal performance evaluation is usually carried out on parameters such as space morphology, vegetation coverage, material characteristics and the like by adopting thermal environment simulation software (such as ENVI-met, CFD and the like), and design optimization is guided according to simulation results. However, such methods often lack systematic consideration of resident preference, cultural acceptability and economic feasibility, so that the design scheme is dislocated in terms of "cold and hot adaptation" and "cultural acceptability" in practical implementation, and it is difficult to achieve the truly artificial environmental improvement goal. On the other hand, although discrete selection experiments (Discrete Choice Experiment, DCE) have been widely used in the fields of traffic planning, health policy, environmental economy, etc. as a quantitative preference identification method, the application in urban and rural planning and building thermal environment design is still blank. Firstly, the spatial environment attributes are mostly physical morphological characteristics, and experimental design is difficult to construct by standardized attributes-levels, secondly, the traditional DCE method is not fused with microclimate simulation results, and an integrated evaluation path of performance-preference-culture cannot be constructed. In addition, most of the existing researches are mainly performed by single-factor intervention, and a multivariate collaborative optimization and system feedback analysis mechanism is lacked, so that research results are difficult to provide an operable system suggestion for actual design. Accordingly, the prior art has the following prominent problems: 1) The thermal environment design is disjoint from the resident preference, namely the acceptance of residents in culture, economy, maintenance and the like is not fully considered by thermal simulation optimization, and the climate adaptability and cultural continuity are difficult to balance. 2) The lack of an integrated assessment system, the existing research fails to effectively fuse quantitative preference modeling (such as DCE) with a microclimate simulation model, and the lack of a decision tool for bridging performance indexes with behavior selection. 3) Single-variable intervention lacks a system feedback mechanism, the thermal environment design is usually regulated by a single factor, and multivariate coupling analysis and interactive effect recognition are absent, so that an optimization strategy is unilateral. In summary, the existing urban and rural planning and building design methods still have significant shortcomings in terms of thermal adaptability, cultural acceptability and resident preference system identification, and an integrated design optimization method integrating microclimate simulation, visual selection experiment and statistical modeling is needed to realize an environment improvement path with more demonstration basis and local adaptability. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a rural residential thermal environment optimization method based on microclimate simulation and resident preference, solves the problem of lack of a systematic method for integrating resident preference, cultural acceptance and microclimate performance evaluation in the current urban and rural planning and building thermal environment design process, and provides a thermal environment optimization decision method integrating microclimate simulation, three-dimensional visualization and discrete selection experiment (DCE) so as to realize space design support and strategy recommendation under multi-objective guidance. According to a first aspect, in one embodiment there is provided a method of optimizing a rural residential thermal environment based on microclimate simulation an