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CN-121998116-A - Atomic system and atomic arrangement method

CN121998116ACN 121998116 ACN121998116 ACN 121998116ACN-121998116-A

Abstract

An atomic system and an atomic arrangement method are disclosed, relating to the technical field of quantum computing. The atomic system adopts first optical tweezers and second optical tweezers which are matched one by one to capture atoms, so that single atoms captured by the first optical tweezers are bound on a first layer of the atomic array, and atomic ensembles captured by the second optical tweezers are bound on a second layer of the atomic array. The atomic system rearranges the initially loaded first atomic array by using internal state dependent array light, and moves atoms in the atomic ensembles in the second layer to the first optical tweezers in the first layer, so that physical bits matched with the first information are successfully loaded to the plurality of first optical tweezers. The internal state-dependent array light moves a plurality of atoms in the second layer in parallel, the internal state-dependent array light does not need to move atoms from outside the atomic array one by one or serially fill first optical tweezers of the vacancies in the atomic array, and the problems of long loading time consumption and low atomic loading efficiency of the quantum bit array are solved.

Inventors

  • CUI ZIJUN
  • JIANG XIAOYU
  • CHEN FENG

Assignees

  • 华为技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241101

Claims (14)

  1. 1. An atomic system, comprising: an atomic source for providing a plurality of atoms; The atomic cavity is connected with the atomic source and is used for storing atoms provided by the atomic source; The first atomic array comprises a first layer and a second layer in a first area, wherein the first layer comprises N first optical tweezers and the second layer comprises N second optical tweezers, the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are paired one by one, each first optical tweezers is used for capturing one atom, each second optical tweezers is used for capturing one group of atomic ensembles, the first layer comprises M atoms, and the second layer comprises N groups of atomic ensembles, and N is more than or equal to M; The second optical module is used for emitting internal state dependent array light to the atomic cavity so as to rearrange the first atomic array to obtain a second atomic array; in the second array of atoms, the first layer comprises N atoms including the M atoms and the intra-state dependent array light moves from an ensemble of N-M groups of atoms to the N-M atoms of the first layer, one of the N atoms being used to characterize one physical bit; In the second atomic array, the second layer comprises N groups of atomic ensembles, one group of atomic ensembles in the N groups of atomic ensembles is used for representing auxiliary bits paired with the physical bits, the physical bits represented by the N atoms are matched with the first information, and the number of atoms in the first atomic array is consistent with the number of atoms in the second atomic array.
  2. 2. An atomic system as recited in claim 1, further comprising: The third light module is used for generating global light according to the second information, and the global light is used for irradiating the second atomic array; And the quantum bit measuring unit is used for collecting scattered photons generated after the second atomic array is irradiated by the detection light beam, and determining quantum calculation results between the first information and the second information according to the scattered photons.
  3. 3. An atomic system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: the state preparation optical module is used for sending state preparation light to the atom cavity and preparing all atoms in the first atom array into a first state; the second optical module is specifically configured to: Emitting first atom Redberg light to the atom cavity, and exciting M atoms contained in a first layer in the first atom array to a second state; Emitting first ensemble array Redburg light to the atom cavity, and exciting N-M atoms in an atom ensemble which is not paired with physical bits and contained in the first atom array to a second state; emitting a second ensemble array of reed burg light to the atomic cavity, de-exciting the N-M atoms to a third state; Emitting second atom Redberg light to the atom cavity, and de-exciting the M atoms to the first state; And emitting internal state dependent array light to the atom cavity, and moving N-M atoms in the third state in the first atom array to the first layer to obtain the second atom array.
  4. 4. An atomic system according to claim 3, wherein in the second array of atoms, for a first atom of the N-M atoms comprised by the first layer, the first atom is moved from a first atomic ensemble in the second layer to the first layer after irradiation with the internal state dependent array light, a first optical tweezer capturing the first atom is paired with a second optical tweezer capturing the first atomic ensemble.
  5. 5. An atomic system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the wavelength of the internal state dependent array light is one of a set plurality of values, the plurality of values being determined according to the type of atom in the first array of atoms, the plurality of values comprising a first wavelength; if the internal state dependent array light is at the first wavelength, the internal state dependent array light moves atoms in the third state and does not move atoms in the first state.
  6. 6. An atomic system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second region of intra-state dependent array light coverage comprises the first region.
  7. 7. An atomic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the internal state dependent array light is confined as an optical tweezer or an optical lattice.
  8. 8. An atomic system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The first layer and the second layer are located in different planes, and a first offset value is provided between one atom in the first layer and a group of atom ensembles paired with the one atom in the second layer along a first direction, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the first layer and the second layer; Or the first layer and the second layer are in the same plane and have a second offset value between an atom in the first layer and a set of atomic ensembles in the second layer paired with the atom.
  9. 9. An atomic system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first information is input information of a quantum computing process or the first information is adjustment information of a quantum error correction process.
  10. 10. The atomic arrangement method is characterized by being applied to an atomic system, wherein the atomic system comprises an atomic source, an atomic cavity, a first optical module and a second optical module, and the atomic cavity is connected with the atomic source; The atomic arrangement method includes: An atomic source provides a plurality of atoms to the atomic cavity; The first optical module generates a plurality of optical tweezers in the atomic cavity and arranges the optical tweezers according to first information to obtain a first atomic array, wherein the first atomic array comprises a first layer and a second layer in a first area, the first layer comprises N first optical tweezers and the second layer comprises N second optical tweezers, the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are paired one by one, each first optical tweezers is used for capturing one atom, each second optical tweezers is used for capturing one group of atomic ensembles, the first layer comprises M atoms, the second layer comprises N groups of atomic ensembles, and N is more than or equal to M; The second optical module emits internal state dependent array light to the atomic cavity, so that the first atomic array is rearranged to obtain a second atomic array; in the second array of atoms, the first layer comprises N atoms including the M atoms and the intra-state dependent array light moves from an ensemble of N-M groups of atoms to the N-M atoms of the first layer, one of the N atoms being used to characterize one physical bit; In the second atomic array, the second layer comprises N groups of atomic ensembles, one group of atomic ensembles in the N groups of atomic ensembles is used for representing auxiliary bits paired with the physical bits, the physical bits represented by the N atoms are matched with the first information, and the number of atoms in the first atomic array is consistent with the number of atoms in the second atomic array.
  11. 11. The atomic arrangement method according to claim 10, wherein the atomic system further comprises a third optical module and a qubit measurement unit; the atomic arrangement method further includes: the third light module generates global light according to the second information, and the global light is used for irradiating the second atomic array; and the quantum bit measuring unit collects scattered photons generated after the second atomic array is irradiated by the detection light beam, and determines quantum calculation results between the first information and the second information according to the scattered photons.
  12. 12. An atomic arrangement method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the atomic system further comprises a state preparation light module; Before the first array of atoms is rearranged, the method further comprises: the state preparation light module sends state preparation light to the atom cavity and prepares all atoms in the first atom array into a first state; The second optical module emits first atom Redberg light to the atom cavity and excites M atoms contained in a first layer in the first atom array to a second state; the second optical module emits first ensemble array Redburg light to the atom cavity, and excites N-M atoms in an atom ensemble which is not paired with physical bits and contained in the first atom array to a second state; The second optical module emits second ensemble array Redburg light to the atom cavity, and the N-M atoms are de-excited to a third state; the second optical module emits second atom Redberg light to the atom cavity and de-excites the M atoms to the first state; and the second optical module emits internal state dependent array light to the atom cavity, and N-M atoms in the third state in the first atom array are moved to the first layer to obtain the second atom array.
  13. 13. An atomic arrangement method according to any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the second region of intra-state dependent array light coverage comprises the first region.
  14. 14. An atomic arrangement method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the internal state dependent array light is confined as an optical tweezer or an optical lattice.

Description

Atomic system and atomic arrangement method Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, in particular to an atomic system and an atomic arrangement method. Background With the continuous development of technology, traditional computer computing cannot meet the operation tasks with larger computing resource requirements, such as quantum chemical simulation, optimal path searching, large-number factorization and the like, and a quantum computing system (a neutral atom system) realized based on a neutral atom architecture is generated. The neutral atom system forms optical tweezers (optical tweezers) by focusing and trapping light through an objective lens, the optical tweezers are used for capturing atoms cooled by laser, each captured atom corresponds to one qubit, and the atoms are regularly loaded in a vacuum glass cavity to form a qubit array. Generally, the irradiation of the atoms in the array with global light and addressing light may enable parallel or independent manipulation of the qubits, such as changing the state of the qubits (0 state, 1 state, or a superposition of 0 and 1 states). In the reading process of the quantum bit, scattered photons are obtained after the atoms in the array are irradiated with the detection light, an electronic signal is determined according to the photons collected from the objective lens, and the state of the quantum bit is determined according to the electronic signal, namely, a quantum computing result is obtained. The loading process of atoms includes moving atoms outside the target area to a static optical tweezer well in the target area by highly focused optical tweezer light generated by an acousto-optic deflector (acousto-optical deflector, AOD) such that the loaded qubit array in the target area matches input information of the quantum computation to enable the qubit array to participate in the quantum computation. When the size of the qubit array increases, the number of atom movements and the atom movement distance performed by the AOD greatly increase, the loading of the qubit array takes longer, and the efficiency of atom loading is lower. Disclosure of Invention The application provides an atomic system and an atomic arrangement method, which solve the problems of long loading time consumption and low atomic loading efficiency of a quantum bit array. The application adopts the following technical scheme. In a first aspect, the present application provides an atomic system. The atomic system comprises an atomic source, an atomic cavity, a first optical module and a second optical module. Wherein the atomic source is configured to provide a plurality of atoms. An atomic cavity is connected to the atomic source, the atomic cavity being for storing atoms provided by the atomic source. The first optical module is used for generating a plurality of optical tweezers in the atomic cavity and arranging the optical tweezers according to first information to obtain a first atomic array, wherein the first atomic array comprises a first layer and a second layer in a first area, the first layer comprises N first optical tweezers, the second layer comprises N second optical tweezers, the first optical tweezers are paired with the second optical tweezers one by one, each first optical tweezers is used for capturing one atom, each second optical tweezers is used for capturing a group of atomic ensembles, the first layer comprises M atoms, the second layer comprises N groups of atomic ensembles, and N is more than or equal to M. And the second optical module is used for emitting internal state dependent array light to the atomic cavity so as to rearrange the first atomic array to obtain a second atomic array. In the second array of atoms, the first layer includes N atoms including M atoms and the internal state dependent array light moves from the N-M group of atoms ensemble to the N-M atoms of the first layer, one of the N atoms being used to characterize a physical bit. And, in the second array of atoms, the second layer includes N groups of atomic ensembles, and one group of atomic ensembles of the N groups of atomic ensembles is used to characterize an auxiliary bit paired with one physical bit. The physical bits represented by the N atoms match the first information, and the number of atoms in the first atomic array matches the number of atoms in the second atomic array. In the first aspect of the application, the atomic system captures atoms by adopting first optical tweezers and second optical tweezers which are paired one by one respectively, so that single atoms captured by each first optical tweezers are bound on a first layer of the atomic array, and atomic ensembles captured by each second optical tweezers are bound on a second layer of the atomic array. Because a certain failure probability exists in the process of capturing single atoms by the first optical tweezers, part of the first optical tweezers in the first lay