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CN-121998118-A - Quantum microchip communication system based on enhanced quantum state transmission

CN121998118ACN 121998118 ACN121998118 ACN 121998118ACN-121998118-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transmission, which converts a quantum circuit into a block dependency graph, integrates remote double-quantum bit independent gates which are positioned on different computing chips, have high local characteristics and share the same logic quantum bit into LocalBlock, integrally migrates to the same computing chip for execution, only needs once integral quantum state migration overhead, can replace multiple remote communications generated during scattered execution, greatly reduces accumulated quantum state loss, error accumulation and execution delay caused by long-range communication, simultaneously, can fully utilize high connectivity in a computing area by local concentrated execution, and then schedule and execute carrying operation and transmission operation by stages through a communication execution module, thereby avoiding mutual interference and resource conflict between operations, and effectively improving the fidelity of quantum chiplet communication while obviously improving the integral execution efficiency of a gate set.

Inventors

  • YIN JIANWEI
  • GUO YIFAN
  • LU LIQIANG
  • Chu Tianyao

Assignees

  • 浙江大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260410

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transport, comprising: The template driving packaging module is used for dividing packaging areas, adapting templates and filling computing chips to obtain a quantum on-chip network; a dependency relation compiler, configured to convert a quantum circuit into a directed acyclic gate dependency graph, find an independent gate of the gate dependency graph, and initially allocate a logic qubit to a physical qubit of a computing chip, and convert the quantum circuit into a block dependency graph including a communication block and an inter-block dependency relation based on the independent gate, the physical location and the locality feature of the logic qubit, where the communication block includes LocalBlock, teleBlock and MoveBlock, and the MoveBlock is a set of remote double-qubit independent gates located in different computing chips and having a high locality feature and sharing the same logic qubit, and map the communication block into a carry operation and/or a transmission operation; And the communication execution module is used for distributing the carrying operation to the carrying stage scheduling, distributing the transmission operation to the transmission stage scheduling and respectively executing the carrying stage scheduling and the transmission stage scheduling, so that the logic qubit corresponding to MoveBlock is integrally migrated to the same computing chip, and quantum chiplet communication is realized.
  2. 2. The quantum chip communication system of claim 1, wherein the method of obtaining MoveBlock comprises: (1) Taking the obtained set of core gates as an initial gate set, wherein the core gates are double-quantum bit independent gates which relate to different calculation areas and need long-range communication execution; (2) Searching a non-dependent gate set which has no dependency relationship with gates in the initial gate set and can transmit in parallel based on the gate dependency graph, and screening out a long-range communication type non-dependent gate which shares the same control quantum bit with a gate corresponding to the initial gate set from the non-dependent gate set; (3) And (3) repeating the steps (2) and (3) until the updated initial gate set does not meet the high-locality feature, and stopping repeating to obtain MoveBlock after the long-range communication type screened in the step (2) is incorporated into the initial gate set without the dependence gate.
  3. 3. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transfer of claim 2, wherein mapping MoveBlock to piggyback and/or transfer operations comprises: the method comprises the steps of mapping MoveBlock gates into source computing chip site routing operation in transmission operation, and mapping the source computing chip site routing operation into carrying operation, wherein the carrying operation comprises transfer-in transmission chip operation, transfer-out transmission chip operation and transfer-in-transmission chip operation, and finally mapping the source computing chip site routing operation into EQST quantum state transmission operation, target computing chip site routing operation and local logic gate execution operation in transmission operation.
  4. 4. The quantum chip communication system of claim 1, wherein the method of obtaining LocalBlock comprises: If two logic qubits are located in the same calculation region and the fidelity of local execution is higher than that of execution after EQST transmission, the corresponding double-qubit gate is divided into LocalBlock, and the two logic qubits corresponding to the double-qubit gate divided into LocalBlock are directly executed through a qubit route.
  5. 5. The quantum chip communication system of claim 1, wherein upon determining LocalBlock and MoveBlock, determining TeleBlock, obtaining TeleBlock comprises: Obtaining remote gates related to different computing areas or requiring long-range communication, firstly checking other independent gates sharing the same control quantum bit with the remote gates, and if the number of the other independent gates exceeds two, aggregating the other independent gates into TeleBlock; If the number of other independent gates is not more than two, S1, searching the gate dependency graph to obtain the quantum gate which has no dependency relationship with any other independent gate and can share the same control quantum bit, forming a candidate gate set by the other independent gates and the searched quantum gate, S2, if the candidate gate set does not reach the high-locality feature, iterating the steps S1 and S2 until the candidate gate set meets the high-locality feature or can be collected without gate, stopping iterating, and taking the obtained candidate gate set as TeleBlock; Map TeleBLock to carry-on operation and fixed combination of transmission operation according to execution logic, map to carry-on GHZ state preparation operation in operation first, and then map to station route operation, stealth transmission state control gate execution operation and local logic gate execution operation in transmission operation in proper order.
  6. 6. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transfer of claim 1, wherein assigning the piggyback operation to a piggyback phase schedule comprises: The carrying operation after compiling and mapping is executed in the carrying stage, and the scheduling follows a priority rule, including the operations of preferentially iterating the transmission and transfer of the transmission chips, transferring the transmission chips and transferring the transmission chips, then executing the scheduling transmission of the GHZ state preparation operation, and confirming that the corresponding physical quantum bits on the target transmission chip are unoccupied before the transmission.
  7. 7. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transmission according to claim 1, wherein delay synchronization processing is performed on EQST operations to be performed before entering a transmission operation, so that all EQST operations scheduled in the same transmission stage can be ensured to be started synchronously, and sharing utilization of a EQST channel of a transmission chip is realized.
  8. 8. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transfer of claim 1, wherein assigning the transfer operation to a transfer phase schedule comprises: The transmission operation after compiling and mapping is executed in the transmission stage, the occupied state of each physical quantum bit on the transmission chip in each transmission stage is established and maintained through a dictionary, and if the physical quantum bit needs to bear the logic quantum bit to be offline, the physical quantum bit is marked as a frozen state; When EQST quantum state transmission operation is scheduled, operation allocation is carried out only when a target physical quantum bit is not marked as a frozen state, and the target physical quantum bit is marked as frozen after allocation until the transmission operation is executed; If the target physical quantum bit already has a logic quantum bit, inserting additional EQST quantum state transmission operation, synchronously transmitting the logic quantum bit back to the source position, and thoroughly avoiding hardware resource conflict; and carrying out EQST quantum state transmission parallel scheduling and execution of the site routing and transmission stage in the computing chip by utilizing the hardware resource independence of the computing chip and the transmission chip.
  9. 9. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transfer of claim 1 wherein the carry-over operation is a pre-or post-operation related to a transfer chip of a packaging area, the carry-over operation including GHZ state preparation, transfer between transfer chips, transfer into transfer chips, and transfer out of transfer chips; the transmission operation is a core operation executed in a computing area or a transmission chip, and the transmission operation comprises quantum state transmission, site routing, local department and implicit transmission state.
  10. 10. The quantum chiplet communication system based on enhanced quantum state transfer of claim 1 wherein the partitioning of the packaging area is performed by an iterative segmentation algorithm, the adapted templates including a radial template, a grid template, and a stripe template, comprising: Step a, regarding the packaging area as a single initial calculation area, selecting an adaptive template based on the initial calculation area, and dividing the initial calculation area into a plurality of subareas based on the selected template; Step b, distributing an adapted template to each sub-area based on the size of each sub-area; and c, repeating the step b to carry out recursive segmentation and template adaptation on each further segmented region until the width of all the sub-regions is less than twice the maximum chip side length.

Description

Quantum microchip communication system based on enhanced quantum state transmission Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum computers, and particularly relates to a quantum microchip communication system based on enhanced quantum state transmission. Background With the development of quantum computing technology, the requirements of practical quantum algorithms (such as variable component quantum algorithms, quantum error correction, quantum molecule simulation and the like) on the number of quantum bits are expanded to thousands, and the expandability becomes a core challenge of quantum computing to practical application. The quantum chiplet architecture realizes modularized expansion by coupling a plurality of superconducting chips, effectively avoids the problems of catastrophic error burst, overlong calibration time, complex encapsulation and the like faced by a large-scale monolithic chip, and becomes a key scheme for solving the dilemma of quantum computing scale expansion. However, the frequent long-range qubit communication in the large-scale circuit execution process leads to the fact that the existing quantum chiplet architecture faces a core bottleneck with low communication fidelity and poor execution efficiency, and the performance of the quantum chiplet architecture is severely limited. Currently, long-range quantum communication in quantum chiplet architecture mainly depends on two types of technical schemes, and related representative researches form the closest prior art to the present application: One type is a communication scheme based on traditional gating or stealth transmission. Document （Hezi Zhang, et al. MECH: Multi-Entry Communication Highway for Superconducting Quantum Chiplets. ASPLOS, 2024.） proposes a multi-portal communication channel (MECH) architecture, where a communication channel is built by centralized GHZ-state preparation, and remote quantum gate execution is achieved by employing invisible states. The architecture supports space-time sharing of resources through a communication channel with abstract auxiliary quantum bits as a software layer, and improves the communication concurrency to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the scheme does not fully consider the coupling heterogeneity among chips and the dynamic suitability of a transmission strategy, and for different-distance and different-type quantum bit communication, the optimal transmission scheme is difficult to select, so that the problem of suboptimal communication efficiency exists. Another class is communication schemes based on Enhanced Quantum State Transmission (EQST). Document （Liang Xiang, et al. Enhanced quantum state transfer by circumventing quantum chaotic behavior. Nature Communications, 2024, 15:4918.） proposes a EQST implementation to optimize the qubit coupling strength by monte carlo annealing, validating the high fidelity transmission of single-excited, double-excited and bell states on superconducting quantum chips. EQST is used as a high-fidelity transmission mechanism for Hamiltonian control, and the parallel transmission of quantum information can be realized by finely adjusting the coupling strength of adjacent quantum bit pairs on a transmission link to meet a critical resonance condition, wherein the single-quantum bit state transmission fidelity of the single-quantum bit state transmission mechanism is up to 0.992, which is obviously superior to a transmission model based on gating. The scheme is mainly focused on physical realization and coupling optimization of quantum state transmission, and a systematic solution for adapting to a quantum chiplet architecture is not formed, so that on one hand, an effective scheduling mechanism is lacked, EQST cannot be exchanged with other quantum states after transmission is started, the channel utilization rate is low, the transmission delay is high, on the other hand, a special compiling framework is not constructed, an optimal transmission strategy cannot be dynamically selected according to a quantum bit distance, a gate dependency relationship and the like, efficiency loss in a part of scenes is caused by blind application EQST, and in addition, an effective optimization method is not proposed for layout design of a network on a large-scale quantum chip, the complexity of violence searching for optimal layout is exponentially increased, and the method is difficult to be applied to an actual large-scale system. In addition, the traditional quantum compiling technology (such as Qiskit compiler) realizes quantum bit routing by inserting SWAP gates, but as the chip scale is enlarged, the number of gates is increased greatly due to the extension of routing paths, so that the circuit execution delay is increased, the communication fidelity is reduced sharply (the fidelity is reduced to below 40% after about 80 steps of operation) due to the accumulation of gate errors, and the distributed quantum computing compiling schem