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CN-121999567-A - Multi-zone smoke detector for a vehicle and fire suppression system including a multi-zone smoke detector

CN121999567ACN 121999567 ACN121999567 ACN 121999567ACN-121999567-A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a multi-zone smoke detector including a housing connected to a smoke detection tube and configured to allow air flowing in from a fire monitoring zone or smoke-containing air to pass through the smoke detection tube, a light emitting element located within the housing, and a plurality of light receiving elements disposed in the housing facing the light emitting element and converting light received from the light emitting element into an electrical signal and outputting the result. The housing includes a plurality of sensing chambers, one of the plurality of sensing chambers being provided for each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas to allow air or smoke-containing air to pass therethrough, the air or smoke-containing air flowing from each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas through the smoke detection tube, each of the plurality of sensing chambers being connected to the smoke detection tube, and each of the plurality of sensing chambers being provided with a light receiving element.

Inventors

  • SHEN JIANJI

Assignees

  • 现代自动车株式会社
  • 起亚株式会社

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20250523
Priority Date
20241106

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A multi-zone smoke detector comprising: a housing connected to the plurality of smoke detection tubes and configured to allow air or smoke-containing air flowing in from the plurality of fire monitoring areas to pass through the plurality of smoke detection tubes; A light emitting element within the housing, and A plurality of light receiving elements provided in the housing, facing the light emitting elements, and configured to convert light received from the light emitting elements into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal; Wherein the housing includes a plurality of sensing chambers, one of the plurality of sensing chambers being provided for each of a plurality of fire monitoring areas to allow air or smoke-containing air to pass through the sensing chambers, the air or smoke-containing air flowing from each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas through the smoke detection tube, wherein each of the plurality of sensing chambers is connected to one of the plurality of smoke detection tubes, and wherein each of the plurality of sensing chambers is provided with one of the plurality of light receiving elements.
  2. 2. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensing chambers and the plurality of light receiving elements are arranged centered on the light emitting element.
  3. 3. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 2, wherein the plurality of sensing chambers are arranged at equal intervals around the light emitting element.
  4. 4. The multi-zone smoke detector according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting element has a cylindrical shape, a plurality of grooves are formed on an outer circumference of the light emitting element, a sensing chamber boundary portion is fitted in each of the plurality of grooves, the sensing chamber boundary portion is used to separate adjacent sensing chambers in a housing, and light between the adjacent sensing chambers is blocked by a structure in which each boundary portion of the housing is fitted in each of the plurality of grooves of the light emitting element.
  5. 5. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of grooves extends along the length of the light emitting element on the periphery of the light emitting element.
  6. 6. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 2, wherein the light receiving element is configured as a plate having a predetermined thickness and is located opposite the light emitting element on an inner surface of each of the plurality of sensing chambers.
  7. 7. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 2, wherein the housing is configured in a "+" shape, the light emitting element is located in a center of the housing, and the plurality of sensing chambers and the plurality of light receiving elements are arranged in four locations centered on the light emitting element.
  8. 8. The multi-zone smoke detector of claim 1, wherein an inlet is located in front of each of the plurality of sensing chambers, wherein each of the plurality of smoke detection tubes is connected to each of the inlets, wherein air or smoke-containing air flows into each of the inlets into the housing, and wherein an exhaust port is located in rear of each of the plurality of sensing chambers, wherein air or smoke-containing air that has passed through the interior of the plurality of sensing chambers is exhausted through each of the exhaust ports.
  9. 9. A fire suppression system for a vehicle, comprising: A plurality of smoke inhalation and fire-extinguishing agent discharging pipes, each of the plurality of smoke inhalation and fire-extinguishing agent discharging pipes being located in a respective fire-monitoring area of a plurality of fire-monitoring areas provided in the vehicle, and each of the plurality of smoke inhalation and fire-extinguishing agent discharging pipes having a nozzle for spraying a fire-extinguishing agent; A plurality of smoke detection pipes connected to the plurality of smoke inhalation and extinguishing agent discharging pipes through control valves to selectively communicate with the plurality of smoke inhalation and extinguishing agent discharging pipes; an air compressor configured to apply suction pressure to the plurality of smoke detection tubes; a multi-zone smoke detector configured to detect smoke in air flowing in from each of a plurality of fire monitoring zones through the nozzles and the plurality of smoke suction and extinguishing agent discharging pipes by applying suction pressure of the air compressor to the plurality of smoke suction and extinguishing agent discharging pipes through the plurality of smoke detecting pipes; A controller configured to determine that a fire has occurred when smoke is detected by the multi-zone smoke detector and output a control signal to spray fire extinguishing agent to a fire monitoring zone of the plurality of fire monitoring zones through the nozzle, and And a fire extinguishing agent supplying device configured to supply an extinguishing agent to a plurality of smoke sucking and extinguishing agent discharging pipes in a fire monitoring area where a fire has occurred, according to the control signal output from the controller.
  10. 10. The fire suppression system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of fire monitoring areas comprises one or more of a PE compartment containing power electronic PE components, a battery compartment containing batteries, and a stack compartment containing a fuel cell stack.
  11. 11. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 9, wherein an extinguishing agent supplying pipe for supplying an extinguishing agent from the extinguishing agent supplying apparatus is branched and extends to each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas, and each of the branched extinguishing agent supplying pipes is connected through the control valve to selectively communicate with each of the smoke suction and extinguishing agent discharging pipes in each of the fire monitoring areas.
  12. 12. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 11, wherein each of the branched fire extinguishing agent supplying pipes, the smoke sucking and fire extinguishing agent discharging pipes in each of the fire monitoring areas, and the smoke detecting pipe provided for each of the fire monitoring areas are connected via each control valve, and an open state of each control valve is controlled by the controller to permit communication between the fire extinguishing agent supplying pipes and the smoke sucking and fire extinguishing agent discharging pipes, or to permit communication between the smoke detecting pipes and the smoke sucking and fire extinguishing agent discharging pipes.
  13. 13. The fire suppression system of claim 9, wherein the multi-zone smoke detector comprises: a housing connected to each of the plurality of smoke detection tubes and configured to allow air or smoke-containing air flowing in from each of the fire monitoring areas to pass through each of the smoke detection tubes; A light emitting element within the housing, and A plurality of light receiving elements located within the housing facing the light emitting elements and configured to convert light received from the light emitting elements into electrical signals and output the electrical signals; Wherein the housing includes a plurality of sensing chambers, one of the plurality of sensing chambers being provided for each of a plurality of fire monitoring areas to allow air or smoke-containing air to pass through the sensing chambers, the air or smoke-containing air flowing from each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas through the plurality of smoke detection tubes, wherein each of the plurality of sensing chambers is connected to one of the plurality of smoke detection tubes, and each of the plurality of sensing chambers has a light receiving element provided therein.
  14. 14. The fire suppression system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of sensing chambers and the plurality of light receiving elements are arranged centered on the light emitting element.
  15. 15. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 14, wherein the light emitting element has a cylindrical shape, a plurality of grooves are formed on an outer circumference of the light emitting element, a sensing chamber boundary portion is fitted in each of the plurality of grooves, the sensing chamber boundary portion is for separating adjacent sensing chambers in a housing, and light is blocked between the adjacent sensing chambers when each boundary portion of the housing is fitted into each of the plurality of grooves of the light emitting element.
  16. 16. The fire suppression system of claim 13, wherein: An inlet is positioned in front of each of the plurality of sensing chambers, wherein each of the plurality of smoke detection tubes is connected to each of the inlets, wherein air or smoke-containing air flows into each of the inlets in the housing, and An exhaust port is located at the rear of each of the plurality of sensing chambers, wherein air or smoke-containing air that has passed through the inside of the sensing chamber is exhausted through each of the exhaust ports.
  17. 17. The fire suppression system according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of smoke detection tubes connected to the exhaust are combined and connected to a suction tube, and the suction tube is connected to the air compressor such that suction pressure of the air compressor is applied to each smoke detection tube through the suction tube.
  18. 18. The fire suppression system of claim 9, wherein the fire suppression agent supply means comprises: a fire extinguishing agent tank in which a fire extinguishing agent is stored, and A pressure transfer plate configured to divide an inner space of the fire extinguisher tank into a fire extinguishing agent chamber filled with a fire extinguishing agent and a pressure chamber supplying a working fluid and applying a working fluid pressure; moving by pressure of a working fluid supplied to a pressure chamber of a fire extinguishing agent tank, and configured to pressurize a fire extinguishing agent filled in a fire extinguishing agent chamber of the fire extinguishing agent tank to discharge the fire extinguishing agent from the fire extinguishing agent tank to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe; wherein the working fluid is compressed air supplied by the air compressor.
  19. 19. The fire suppression system of claim 9, wherein the nozzle comprises: A nozzle tube having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is in communication with each of the plurality of smoke inhalation and fire suppressant discharge tubes, and wherein air or smoke-containing air within each of the fire detection zones flows in through the second end, or fire suppressant is discharged and sprayed through the second end, and A filter in the nozzle pipe configured to remove foreign substances contained in air or air and smoke sucked from the second end of the nozzle pipe by suction pressure of the air compressor.
  20. 20. The fire suppression system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to determine the concentration of smoke in air flowing from each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas based on an electrical signal of a multi-zone smoke detector that indicates the concentration of smoke in air flowing from each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas, a rotational speed RPM of the air compressor, and a rotational speed RPM of a cooling fan located in each of the plurality of fire monitoring areas.

Description

Multi-zone smoke detector for a vehicle and fire suppression system including a multi-zone smoke detector Technical Field The present disclosure relates to a smoke detector capable of monitoring occurrence of a fire in a plurality of areas provided in a vehicle and accurately distinguishing and determining the areas where the fire occurs in the plurality of areas, and to a fire extinguishing system for a vehicle capable of rapidly and automatically suppressing the occurrence of the fire in the vehicle using the smoke detector. Background In general, vehicles use combustible fuels, have a plurality of heat sources, and have various interwoven wires, and thus there is always a fire risk. For example, since a high temperature engine and various electric devices are equipped in an engine compartment of a vehicle, the engine and the electric devices may be damaged or malfunction due to a collision accident or the like, resulting in a fire. Furthermore, in the engine compartment, there is a risk of fire during driving due to overheating of the engine or exhaust gas aftertreatment. To cope with this risk, fire extinguishers are well known. However, if the driver fails to use the fire extinguisher in time, fire may spread throughout the vehicle due to difficulty in extinguishing the fire. In addition, for public transportation means such as buses where many passengers sit, fire protection management is critical to passenger safety, as such public transportation means may cause a large disaster when a fire occurs. In addition, since the driver is inside the vehicle during driving, even if the engine compartment fires, the fire may not be noticed until a large amount of smoke is generated. In particular, unlike passenger cars, since the engine compartment of a bus is located at the rear of the vehicle, it is more difficult for the driver to notice the ignition of the engine compartment. Thus, if the driver fails to take immediate action early to extinguish the fire, the fire may spread and result in complete loss of the vehicle, which increases the risk of casualties. In addition, even if a driver or a passenger in a vehicle is aware of a fire, it is difficult to extinguish the fire using only a small fire extinguisher provided in the vehicle. Recently, as the use of environmental protection automobiles such as electric automobiles and fuel cell automobiles increases, the risk of ignition of batteries or high-voltage wires due to external impact or internal short circuits also increases. In particular, for large electric buses (xevs), PE (Power Electric) cabs equipped with various power electronics are located at the rear of the vehicle, rather than the engine compartment. Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a PE cabin 2 of a vehicle 1 such as an electric bus. As shown in fig. 1, in the PE compartment 2, electrical components (PE components) and electric wires are provided in a complicated manner. Although not shown in detail in the drawings, a motor for driving a vehicle, an LDC (low voltage DC-DC converter) as a power conversion system, low voltage/high voltage electric wires, a water heater, a junction box, an air compressor, a cooling module, and the like are provided therein. By analyzing the fire occurrence probability of the device or the component provided in the PE cabin 2, it is known that the fire occurrence probability of the low voltage/high voltage electric wire is highest. As a result of the fire simulation test by increasing the current by 100A using the low voltage/high voltage wire, smoke was generated at the contact portion of the connector and the cable, and a gas (smoke) detector was found to be suitable as a fire detection sensor in the PE compartment 2. The use of a flame detector as a fire detection sensor is the most accurate method, but the flame detector cannot detect a fire at an early stage, but can detect the fire only when the fire propagates to a certain extent. Since the temperature detector can detect only the temperature rise at its installation location, the entire space of the PE cabin for fire detection cannot be covered with a small number of temperature detectors, and the placement of a large number of temperature detectors in the PE cabin may complicate the layout. The smoke detector may be used as a fire detection sensor in the PE cabin 2 of the electric bus, but a problem when using a gas (smoke) detector is the presence of a cooling fan (electric fan). In the case of a fire while the cooling fan is running, smoke may not move to the smoke detector due to the cooling fan. Among the devices constituting the cooling module, the cooling fan is a device that supplies air to the radiator. As shown in fig. 1, a cooling fan is provided at the rear side of the vehicle 1, and external air is sucked in and supplied to the PE cabin 2. Here, forced convection occurs in the air in the PE compartment 2 by the air supplied by the cooling fan, and as the air moves strongly in one dire