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CN-122000124-A - Multilayer composite special cable and preparation method thereof

CN122000124ACN 122000124 ACN122000124 ACN 122000124ACN-122000124-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multilayer composite special cable and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of cables, the multilayer composite special cable comprises a conducting layer, a semi-conducting nylon layer, an insulating layer, a flame-retardant layer, an antifreezing layer, a buffer layer and an outer sheath which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein a plurality of wear-resistant protrusions are uniformly distributed on the outer layer of the outer sheath. Compared with the common cable in the prior art, the cable disclosed by the invention has excellent wear resistance, can resist mechanical wear in the laying and service processes, can be adapted to extreme service conditions such as cold regions, can effectively resist damage to a material structure by a low-temperature environment, has excellent flame retardant efficiency, can inhibit flame spreading in a fire hazard scene, and can ensure use safety.

Inventors

  • LI CHUNYU

Assignees

  • 长春职业技术大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260211

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The multilayer composite special cable is characterized by comprising a conductive layer (1), a semiconductive nylon layer (2), an insulating layer (3), a flame retardant layer (4), an antifreezing layer (5), a buffer layer (6) and an outer sheath (7) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the conductive layer (1) is formed by helically twisting a plurality of groups of oxygen-free copper wires; the semi-conductive nylon layer (2) is wound on the outer layer of each group of conductive layers (1) by adopting a semi-conductive nylon belt; The insulating layer (3) is extruded and molded on the outer layer of the semiconductive nylon layer (2); the flame-retardant layer (4) is wound on the outer layer of the insulating layer (3) by adopting a flame-retardant rubber belt; the antifreezing layer (5) is wound on the outer layer of the flame retardant layer (4) by adopting an antifreezing rubber belt; The buffer layer (6) is wound on the outer layer of the antifreezing layer (5) by adopting a sponge belt; The outer layer of the outer sheath (7) is uniformly provided with a plurality of wear-resistant bulges, the wear-resistant bulges are wear-resistant bulges I (71) or wear-resistant bulges II (72), the wear-resistant bulges I (71) are hemispheres, the center of the wear-resistant bulges II (72) is provided with a plurality of hemispheric bulges which are uniformly distributed, the periphery of the wear-resistant bulges II (72) is surrounded by a plurality of semi-fusiform bulges to form a circle, and the hemispheric bulges of the wear-resistant bulges II (72) are lower than the semi-fusiform bulges.
  2. 2. The multilayer composite special cable according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant rubber tape of the flame-retardant layer (4) is composed of, by weight, 31.5% of ethylene propylene rubber, 14.3% of urea-formaldehyde melamine resin, 12.6% of chloroprene rubber, 15% of aluminum hydroxide, 8.9% of phosphate, 8% of polystyrene, 7.18% of zinc borate, 1.26% of nano zinc oxide and 1.26% of silicon carbide.
  3. 3. The multilayer composite special cable according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze rubber tape of the antifreeze layer (5) consists of 31.5% by weight of nitrile rubber, 14.7% by weight of oxidized polyethylene, 10% by weight of chloroprene rubber, 15% by weight of micro-powder polytetrafluoroethylene, 4% by weight of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 8% by weight of polystyrene, 7.1% by weight of chopped glass fibers, 1.3% by weight of ramie fibers, 1.3% by weight of mica powder and 7.1% by weight of dioctyl adipate.
  4. 4. The multi-layer composite special cable according to claim 1, wherein the center of the wear-resistant protrusion II (72) is uniformly distributed with 3 hemispherical protrusions, the periphery of the wear-resistant protrusion II (72) is formed by 6 semi-fusiform protrusion circumferential arrays, and the peripheral arcs of the 6 semi-fusiform protrusions encircle a complete circle.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the multilayer composite special cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, preparing a conductive layer (1), namely helically twisting a plurality of oxygen-free copper wires to form a group of oxygen-free copper wires, and helically twisting a plurality of groups of oxygen-free copper wires to form the conductive layer (1); S2, preparing a semiconductive nylon layer (2), wherein the semiconductive nylon belt is uniformly wound on the outer layer of each group of conductive layers (1); s3, preparing an insulating layer (3), namely extruding crosslinked polyethylene to form the outer layer of the semiconductive nylon layer (2), and degassing in a hot air environment to remove crosslinked byproducts; S4, preparing a flame-retardant layer (4), namely spirally winding a pre-prepared flame-retardant rubber belt on the outer layer of the insulating layer (3), solidifying at a constant temperature after winding is completed, and cooling to room temperature after solidification; s5, preparing an antifreezing layer (5), namely spirally winding a prefabricated antifreezing rubber belt on the outer layer of the flame-retardant layer (4), solidifying at a constant temperature after winding is completed, and cooling to room temperature after solidification; s6, preparing a buffer layer (6), wherein a closed-pore sponge belt is spirally wound on the outer layer of the anti-freezing layer (5); S7, preparing an outer sheath (7), namely filling chlorinated polyethylene serving as a base material into a mold cavity, uniformly distributing pits with the same shape as the first wear-resistant bulge (71) or the second wear-resistant bulge (72) on the wall of the mold cavity, forming to obtain the outer sheath (7) with the first wear-resistant bulge (71) or the second wear-resistant bulge (72), then placing the outer sheath in a vulcanizing press for vulcanization, cooling to room temperature, sleeving the outer layer of the buffer layer (6) through a hot sheathing process, and tightly attaching the outer sheath after natural cooling.
  6. 6. The preparation method of the multilayer composite special cable according to claim 5, wherein the flame-retardant rubber tape in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 31.5% of ethylene propylene rubber, 14.3% of urea-formaldehyde melamine resin, 12.6% of chloroprene rubber, 15% of aluminum hydroxide, 8.9% of phosphate, 8% of polystyrene, 7.18% of zinc borate, 1.26% of nano zinc oxide and 1.26% of silicon carbide, and the preparation method is as follows: Drying aluminum hydroxide and zinc borate, removing surface adsorption water, premixing nano zinc oxide with 1% of dispersing agent by weight, and stirring to break up agglomerated particles; Adding ethylene propylene rubber and chloroprene rubber into an internal mixer to carry out internal mixing so as to fully soften and plasticize the rubber, then adding urea formaldehyde melamine resin, continuing the internal mixing so as to ensure that the resin is primarily combined with a rubber matrix, then sequentially adding pretreated aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate and silicon carbide, continuing the internal mixing so as to uniformly disperse inorganic filler in the rubber matrix, and finally adding phosphate, polystyrene and pre-dispersed nano zinc oxide, and carrying out internal mixing so as to obtain uniform flame-retardant rubber compound; Transferring the flame-retardant rubber compound to an open mill, putting the flame-retardant rubber compound between rollers, repeatedly turning over for 3 times, discharging to obtain a flame-retardant rubber sheet with uniform thickness, cooling to room temperature for standby, and finally preparing the flame-retardant rubber sheet into a rubber belt through a calender.
  7. 7. The preparation method of the multilayer composite special cable according to claim 5, wherein the antifreeze rubber tape in the step S5 comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 31.5% of nitrile rubber, 14.7% of oxidized polyethylene, 10% of chloroprene rubber, 15% of micro-powder polytetrafluoroethylene, 4% of maleic anhydride grafted POE, 8% of polystyrene, 7.1% of chopped glass fibers, 1.3% of ramie fibers, 1.3% of mica powder and 7.1% of dioctyl adipate, and the preparation method is as follows: drying chopped glass fibers and ramie fibers, removing water adsorbed on the surfaces of the fibers, premixing micro-powder polytetrafluoroethylene, 2% by weight of maleic anhydride grafted POE and mica powder with 1% by weight of stearic acid, stirring, and preheating dioctyl adipate to 40 ℃; Adding nitrile rubber and chloroprene rubber into an internal mixer, banburying to fully soften and plasticize the rubber to form a continuous rubber matrix, then adding oxidized polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted POE and polystyrene, continuing banburying, then sequentially adding pre-dispersed micro-powder polytetrafluoroethylene master batch, dried chopped glass fibers, ramie fibers and activated mica powder, banburying, finally adding preheated dioctyl adipate, banburying, and discharging rubber to obtain an antifreezing compound after the rubber is uniformly mixed; And transferring the banburying antifreezing rubber compound to an open mill, repeatedly turning over for 3 times, discharging sheets to obtain antifreezing rubber sheets with uniform thickness, and calendering the antifreezing rubber sheets through a calender to obtain the antifreezing rubber belt.
  8. 8. The method for producing a multilayer composite special cable according to claim 5, wherein the winding overlap ratio of the flame-retardant rubber tape is not less than 40%, and the total thickness of the flame-retardant layer (4) is not less than 1.5mm.
  9. 9. The method for manufacturing a multilayer composite special cable according to claim 5, wherein the volume resistivity of the semiconductive nylon tape is 1 x 10 5 Ω -cm, the thickness is 0.2mm, and the width is 10mm.
  10. 10. The method for manufacturing a multilayer composite special cable according to claim 5, wherein the buffer layer (6) is a closed-cell sponge tape with a density of 0.2g/cm3, and the winding overlap ratio is not lower than 30%.

Description

Multilayer composite special cable and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to a multilayer composite special cable and a preparation method thereof. Background The wire and cable are used as core carriers for power transmission and signal transmission, and are widely applied to various fields such as industrial production, civil buildings, infrastructure and the like. Along with the acceleration of the novel town process, the laying scene and the use environment of the cable are obviously changed, and the novel town process not only comprises the cable erected in the open, but also covers various forms of cables such as underground direct burial, pipe gallery laying and the like, and the service environment of the novel town process is increasingly complex and severe. For example, in low temperature environments, cable materials are susceptible to embrittlement, denaturation and even breakage due to freeze-thaw cycles, and in cold areas, the economic loss and power interruption effects of such failures are considerable each year. For example, in the operation of an electrical system, a fire accident caused by a fault such as a short circuit or overload occurs, and the cable is required to have excellent flame retardant performance so as to inhibit flame propagation, reduce release of toxic smoke and avoid potential safety hazard expansion caused by breakage and cracking of the cable. Meanwhile, the cable needs to be contacted and rubbed with hard objects such as soil, sand, pipelines and the like when being laid underground, the cable is likely to suffer from mutual friction under wind load or collision of external objects when being erected in open air, and the cable insulating layer and the sheath layer are easy to damage due to long-term abrasion, so that serious faults such as electric leakage and short circuit are caused, and the wear resistance is one of key indexes for guaranteeing the structural integrity and long-term service stability of the cable. Common cables are difficult to meet the high standard use requirements under the current complex environment in the aspects of freezing resistance, flame retardance, wear resistance and other core performances, and the research and the development and the application of the high-performance special cables become the necessary trend of industry development. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the cable in the prior art in the core performances of flame retardance, frost resistance, wear resistance and the like, the invention provides a multilayer composite special cable and a preparation method thereof, the cable not only has excellent wear resistance, but also can resist mechanical wear in the laying and service processes, the flame-retardant coating can be adapted to extreme service conditions such as cold areas, effectively resist damage to material structures by low-temperature environments, has excellent flame-retardant efficiency, can inhibit flame propagation in fire hazard scenes, and ensures use safety. The specific scheme is as follows: The invention provides a multilayer composite special cable which comprises a conducting layer, a semiconductive nylon layer, an insulating layer, a flame retardant layer, an antifreezing layer, a buffer layer and an outer sheath, wherein the conducting layer, the semiconductive nylon layer, the insulating layer, the flame retardant layer, the antifreezing layer, the buffer layer and the outer sheath are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; The conductive layer is formed by helically twisting a plurality of groups of oxygen-free copper wires; the semi-conductive nylon layer is wound on the outer layer of each group of conductive layers by adopting a semi-conductive nylon belt; The insulating layer is extruded and molded on the outer layer of the semiconductive nylon layer; the flame-retardant layer is wound on the outer layer of the insulating layer by adopting a flame-retardant rubber belt; the antifreezing layer is wound on the outer layer of the flame-retardant layer by adopting an antifreezing rubber belt; the buffer layer is wound on the outer layer of the antifreezing layer by adopting a sponge belt; the outer layer of the outer sheath is uniformly distributed with a plurality of wear-resistant bulges, the wear-resistant bulges are wear-resistant bulges I or wear-resistant bulges II, the wear-resistant bulges I are hemispheres, the center of the wear-resistant bulges II is a plurality of hemispheric bulges uniformly distributed, the periphery of the wear-resistant bulges II is surrounded by a plurality of hemispheric bulges which are in the shape of a half shuttle, and the height of the hemispheric bulges II is lower than that of the hemispheric bulges which are in the shape of a half shuttle. Preferably, the flame-retardant rubber belt of the flame-retardant layer comprises the following raw materials, by we