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CN-122000373-A - Low-temperature electrolyte preparation device and method for zinc-silver reserve battery

CN122000373ACN 122000373 ACN122000373 ACN 122000373ACN-122000373-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of zinc-silver reserve batteries, in particular to a low-temperature electrolyte preparation device and a method for a zinc-silver reserve battery, wherein the method comprises the steps of S1 basic electrolyte preparation, S2 composite functional additive preparation, S3 composite electrolyte mixing and S4 vacuum degassing treatment; the device comprises a mixing tank, wherein a liquid density sensor is arranged in the mixing tank, an additive feeding assembly is arranged at the top of the mixing tank, a rotary driving piece is fixedly connected to the top of the mixing tank, a rotary shaft is fixedly connected to the rotary driving piece, a first stirring paddle assembly is arranged at the bottom of the rotary shaft, a sleeve is sleeved outside the rotary shaft, a second stirring paddle assembly is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve, and a transmission assembly is arranged between the second stirring paddle assembly and the rotary shaft. According to the invention, the composite functional additive is introduced to prepare the electrolyte, so that the working performance of the zinc-silver battery under the wide temperature range condition is improved, the preparation is performed by combining with a preparation device in a specific stirring mode, the mixing efficiency of the additive and the basic electrolyte is ensured, and the quality of a finished product of the low-temperature electrolyte is improved.

Inventors

  • CUI YANHUA
  • XU RONGRUI
  • ZHANG XIAOQIANG
  • ZHAO YU
  • QIU JINXU
  • WANG SHUAI
  • FU CHEN
  • DING LING
  • CUI YIXIU

Assignees

  • 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260206

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for preparing a low-temperature electrolyte for a zinc-silver reserve battery, comprising the steps of: S1, preparing a basic electrolyte, namely adding analytically pure potassium hydroxide solid into deionized water under the protection of inert gas, stirring until the analytically pure potassium hydroxide solid is completely dissolved, preparing a potassium hydroxide solution with the molar concentration of 7 mol/L, and controlling the temperature of the solution to be not more than 30 ℃; s2, preparing a composite functional additive, namely taking dimethyl sulfoxide as a functional additive, and filtering the dimethyl sulfoxide with a 0.22 mu m organic phase filter membrane to remove impurities, so as to obtain an additive monomer with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent; S3, mixing the composite electrolyte, namely adding the additive monomer prepared in the S2 into the potassium hydroxide solution prepared in the S1 at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, and stirring and mixing for 60 minutes to obtain a composite electrolyte system; and S4, vacuum degassing treatment, namely, placing the compounded electrolyte in an environment with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 0.09 MPa for degassing for 30 min, and removing dissolved oxygen and bubbles to obtain the low-temperature electrolyte of the zinc-silver storage battery.
  2. 2. The method for preparing a low-temperature electrolyte for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 1, wherein in the mixing of the additive monomer and the potassium hydroxide solution in the step S3, the volume ratio of the additive monomer is 2% -5% of the total volume of the composite electrolyte system.
  3. 3. A low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery based on the technological characteristics of mixing composite electrolyte in the low-temperature electrolyte preparation method for the zinc-silver storage battery according to any one of claims 1-2, and the low-temperature electrolyte preparation device is characterized by comprising a mixing tank (1), wherein a solution input pipe (2) is communicated with the top of the mixing tank (1), a liquid density sensor is arranged in the mixing tank (1), a controller is connected with signals of the liquid density sensor, an additive input assembly for storing additives and regulating the input amount is arranged at the top of the mixing tank (1), and the additive input assembly is connected with signals of the controller; A temperature adjusting component for adjusting and controlling the temperature of the mixed environment is arranged outside the mixing tank (1), and the temperature adjusting component is in signal connection with the controller; The top of the mixing tank (1) is fixedly connected with a rotary driving piece (12), an output shaft of the rotary driving piece (12) penetrates through the inner top wall of the mixing tank (1) and extends into the mixing tank (1), a rotary shaft (13) which is coincident with the axis of the mixing tank (1) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the output shaft of the rotary driving piece (12), and a first stirring paddle component for dispersing additives is arranged at the bottom of the rotary shaft (13); A sleeve (15) rotationally connected to the inner top wall of the mixing tank (1) is sleeved outside the rotating shaft (13), a second stirring paddle component for uniformly stirring the solution is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve (15), and a transmission component for transmitting the rotating shaft (13) to rotate on the second stirring component is arranged between the second stirring paddle component and the rotating shaft (13); The bottom of the mixing tank (1) is communicated with a liquid outlet (23).
  4. 4. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver reserve battery according to claim 3, wherein the additive feeding assembly comprises a liquid storage box (3) and a metering pump (4) which are fixedly connected to the outer top wall of the mixing tank (1), the liquid storage box (3) is filled with additive monomers, the liquid storage box (3) is communicated with the input end of the metering pump (4), the output end of the metering pump (4) is communicated with an additive feeding pipe (5), and the additive feeding pipe (5) penetrates through the side wall of the mixing tank (1) and extends into the mixing tank (1).
  5. 5. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 4, wherein the water outlet of the additive input pipe (5) located in the mixing tank (1) adopts a chamfer structure at an angle of 45 ° to the inner wall of the mixing tank (1).
  6. 6. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for the zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 5, wherein the temperature regulating assembly comprises a temperature control jacket layer (6) and a liquid pumping piece (7), the temperature control jacket layer (6) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the mixing tank (1), a first electromagnetic regulating valve (8) and a second electromagnetic regulating valve (9) are communicated on the temperature control jacket layer (6), the first electromagnetic regulating valve (8) is communicated with the output end of the liquid pumping piece (7), the second electromagnetic regulating valve (9) is communicated with a water outlet pipe (11), and the input end of the liquid pumping piece (7) is communicated with a water inlet pipe (10); The mixing tank (1) is fixedly connected with a temperature sensor, and the temperature of liquid introduced into the water inlet pipe (10) is controlled within 20-25 ℃.
  7. 7. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 6, wherein the first stirring paddle assembly comprises a plurality of turbine stirring blades (14) fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (13), and the turbine stirring blades (14) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (13).
  8. 8. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 7, wherein the transmission assembly comprises an input gear (16), a transmission gear (17) and an output toothed ring (18), the input gear (16) is coaxially sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (13), the top surface of the transmission gear (17) is rotationally connected with a connecting rod (19), the connecting rod (19) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the mixing tank (1), the output toothed ring (18) is rotationally connected to the bottom end of the sleeve (15), and two sides of the transmission gear (17) are respectively meshed with the input gear (16) and the output toothed ring (18).
  9. 9. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 8, wherein the second stirring assembly comprises an anchor stirring blade (20) and a rotary drum (21), the top end of the rotary drum (21) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of an output toothed ring (18), the anchor stirring blade (20) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotary drum (21), a scraping belt (22) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the anchor stirring blade (20), the scraping belt (22) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials, and the scraping belt (22) is attached to the inner wall of the mixing tank (1); the shape of the anchor stirring blade (20) corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the mixing tank (1).
  10. 10. The low-temperature electrolyte preparation device for a zinc-silver storage battery according to claim 9, wherein the input gear (16), the transmission gear (17) and the output toothed ring (18) are identical in modulus, the number of teeth of the input gear (16) is smaller than the number of teeth of the output toothed ring (18), and the rotation speed of the anchor stirring blade (20) forming the connection with the output toothed ring (18) is lower than the rotation speed of the turbine stirring blade (14) connected with the input gear (16).

Description

Low-temperature electrolyte preparation device and method for zinc-silver reserve battery Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of zinc-silver reserve batteries, in particular to a low-temperature electrolyte preparation device and method for a zinc-silver reserve battery. Background The zinc-silver reserve battery is used as a key special military chemical power supply, and is widely applied to the fields of missile guidance systems, torpedo propulsion devices, aerospace emergency power supplies and other high-precision equipment with extremely severe requirements on power performance due to the remarkable advantages of stable discharge voltage, excellent voltage precision, good intrinsic safety, extremely long storage life (usually more than 10 years) and the like. In order to meet the reliable working requirements of zinc-silver reserve batteries in a wide temperature range from-20 ℃ to +50 ℃, two types of technical schemes are mainly adopted in the current engineering practice, namely an external temperature control system integrating a film heating element (such as Pt resistance wire) and a vacuum heat insulation layer, such as an onboard missile battery pack heating and heat insulation system, which preheats the batteries through an external power supply to maintain the fluidity of electrolyte in a low-temperature environment so as to ensure the activation response speed, and the other type of external temperature control system adopts a mechanical reinforcement design of a thickened high-strength shell and a built-in pressure relief valve so as to solve the problem of internal pressure rise caused by zinc negative electrode hydrogen evolution under the high-temperature condition by improving the bearing capacity and the pressure relief mechanism of the shell. Although the prior external heating heat preservation and shell mechanical strengthening technology relieves the wide temperature range environmental adaptability bottleneck of the zinc-silver reserve battery to a certain extent, the prior external heating heat preservation and shell mechanical strengthening technology has not broken through the core technical bottleneck, for example, by additionally arranging a heating element outside the battery and thickening the shell to respectively cope with the low-temperature working requirement and the high-temperature internal pressure problem, the prior external heating heat preservation and shell mechanical strengthening technology has the advantages of simple operation and controllable cost, but causes remarkable system-level performance loss, wherein the most outstanding is that an additional device greatly reduces the energy density of the battery, and the prior external heating heat preservation and shell mechanical strengthening technology has radical conflict with the technical requirements of equipment on miniaturization, light weight and long endurance. In addition, more critical, the external intervention means cannot reach the electrochemical intrinsic contradiction inside the battery, namely, the heating device cannot eliminate activation lag and capacity decay caused by electrolyte infiltration kinetics retardation and zinc electrode passivation in a low-temperature environment, and the thickened shell cannot inhibit the irreversible influence of continuous corrosion hydrogen evolution side reaction of the zinc cathode on the electrochemical performance and the use safety of the battery in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, there is a need for a low temperature (wide temperature range) electrolyte preparation device and method for zinc-silver reservoir batteries that provides an electrolyte additive that combines high efficiency, broad spectrum applicability, and low cost characteristics, while simultaneously accommodating high and low temperature extreme conditions. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a low-temperature electrolyte preparation device and a method for a zinc-silver storage battery, wherein a composite functional additive is introduced to prepare the electrolyte, so that the working performance of the zinc-silver battery under a wide temperature range condition is improved, the preparation is performed by combining a preparation device with a specific stirring mode, the mixing efficiency of the additive and a basic electrolyte is ensured, and the quality of a finished product of the low-temperature electrolyte is improved. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows, a preparation method of low-temperature electrolyte for a zinc-silver storage battery comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a basic electrolyte, namely adding analytically pure potassium hydroxide solid into deionized water under the protection of inert gas, stirring until the analytically pure potassium hydroxide solid is completely dissolved, preparing a potassium hydroxide solution