CN-122000383-A - Fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system and control method thereof

CN122000383ACN 122000383 ACN122000383 ACN 122000383ACN-122000383-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system and a control method thereof, wherein the system comprises a control and management system for global regulation, a hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system, a high-temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system, a starting power supply, an intelligent cooling and heating circulation system, a gas or liquid pipeline and a control valve system and an intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank, wherein the control and management system is internally provided with a dynamic hydrogen supply regulation method for controlling an MPC based on model prediction. And the running stability and economy of the heavy truck are improved.

Inventors

WANG FUHUA
LIANG XU
WANG LIANG
LI MINGZHI

Assignees

中船双瑞(洛阳)特种装备股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251230

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system, comprising: The system comprises a control and management system for global regulation, a hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system for hydrogen oil supply and reaction product recovery, a high-temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system for hydrogen oil catalytic hydrogen discharge and hydrogen purification and stabilization, a starting power supply and an intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system for starting power supply, system cooling and waste heat recovery, a gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system for medium conveying and accurate control, and an intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank for closed-loop management of hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery; The dynamic hydrogen supply adjusting method based on the model predictive control MPC is built in the control and management system, a dynamic predictive model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen output is built by collecting multidimensional sensing data in real time, fluctuation of hydrogen supply demand is pre-judged in advance based on a rolling optimization principle, heating module power, valve opening and pump body rotating speed are dynamically adjusted, matching of hydrogen supply and power demand of a fuel cell is completed, and energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply are avoided.
2. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the control and management system integrates a control chip and control software, is provided with a control module and a visual operation interface, and is used for performing global command control on each component system of the hydrogen supply reaction system, including heat supply regulation, cooling and thermal cycle regulation, on-off control of pipelines and control valves, and pressure and flow regulation.
3. The heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system is connected with the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank and the hydrogen supply reaction system main body, and comprises a medium delivery pump, a gas-liquid separation component and a filtering component, and is used for supplying hydrogen oil to the reaction system and separating and recovering products after the hydrogen release reaction.
4. The heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system of claim 1, wherein the high temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system is a hydrogen supply core and comprises a pressure-bearing reaction container, a dehydrogenation catalytic assembly, a heating module, a sensing component, a gas-liquid separation drying component and a hydrogen buffer regulating component, wherein the pressure-bearing reaction container, the dehydrogenation catalytic assembly, the heating module, the sensing component, the gas-liquid separation drying component and the hydrogen buffer regulating component are used for catalyzing hydrogen oil to generate a hydrogen release reaction, separating, drying and stabilizing generated hydrogen, and outputting the hydrogen to a fuel cell or a hydrogen internal combustion engine.
5. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the starting power supply and the intelligent cooling and heat recycling system comprise a starting power supply assembly, a cooling module and a heat recycling assembly, the starting power supply assembly is used for quickly starting the heating module to realize quick hydrogen supply of the reaction system, the cooling module is used for quickly cooling when the system is overtemperature or is stopped, the heat recycling assembly is used for collecting waste heat generated in the running process of the system and realizing secondary heat supply, and meanwhile, hot water supply in a heavy truck can be considered.
6. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the gas or liquid pipeline and the control valve system are integrated in the reaction system, and comprise a conveying pipeline, a metering component, a control valve and a sensing component for conveying, metering and controlling hydrogen oil and hydrogen among the systems.
7. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank integrates hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery after reaction, is provided with a sealing isolation component and a heat collection module, and is used for realizing closed-loop management of hydrogen oil.
8. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the process of constructing the dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen output is as follows: The first step is to establish the basic association between the hydrogen output rate and the hydrogen quality rate participating in the reaction, and construct a quantitative relationship by combining the inherent characteristics of the molar mass of the hydrogen oil and the hydrogen, so as to directly embody the stoichiometric nature of the hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction; Secondly, determining the total mass of hydrogen oil through integral operation of the hydrogen oil density and the volume of a reaction area, introducing a catalytic efficiency function determined by the reaction temperature and the pressure to obtain the mass of the hydrogen oil participating in effective reaction, obtaining the change rate after deriving time, and realizing dynamic quantification of material change in the reaction process; Thirdly, constructing a supply-demand adaptation function based on the energy balance relation between the power demand and the hydrogen oil consumption, and integrating the supply-demand adaptation function into the calculation of the hydrogen oil quality change rate participating in the reaction to ensure the dynamic matching of the hydrogen oil consumption and the power demand; And fourthly, integrating the association relation and the constraint condition of the previous three steps to form a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen output, establishing quantitative association of the association relation and the dynamic prediction model, and directly serving for dynamic regulation and control of a hydrogen supply system.
9. The fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, wherein the process of dynamically adjusting the power of the heating module, the opening of the valve and the rotational speed of the pump body is as follows: Firstly, defining a hydrogen supply deviation function delta Q (t) =Q H,target (t)-Q H,pred (t) by taking a rolling optimization period delta t as a time unit, wherein Q H,target (t) is a target hydrogen supply rate corresponding to the power requirement of the fuel cell at the moment t, and the target hydrogen supply rate is obtained by a control and management system based on real-time operation signal conversion of a power device to directly reflect the power requirement of heavy truck driving; constructing a multi-constraint optimization objective function: The system comprises a heating module, a high-temperature pressure container, a hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction area, a control valve system, a hydrogen transmission channel, a control valve system and N pump (t) and a control valve system, wherein P heat (t) is the power of the heating module at the moment t, the catalytic reaction rate of the catalytic reaction system of the high-temperature pressure container is related, and the change of the catalytic reaction rate directly affects the hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction intensity; meanwhile, the optimization process needs to meet multiple system constraint conditions, including the operation limit constraint of the hydrogen supply related execution component and the safety working condition constraint of the reaction system; The optimal value of P heat (t)、θ(t)、N pump (t) in each rolling optimization period is obtained by solving the multi-constraint optimization objective function, and the control and management system converts the optimal value into an execution instruction and transmits the execution instruction to a corresponding system to finish the dynamic adjustment of the power of the heating module, the opening of the valve and the rotation speed of the pump body; In the next rolling optimization period, Q H,pred (t) and delta Q (t) are updated based on the latest acquired multidimensional sensing data, and an optimization function is solved iteratively to form closed loop regulation and control, so that the hydrogen supply rate is ensured to track the change of Q H,target (t) in real time, and the energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen are avoided.
10. A control method of a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system, applied to the implementation of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, acquiring multidimensional operation parameters in real time through a gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system, a high-temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system, a starting power supply, and a sensing component and a metering component which are arranged in an intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system; S2, constructing a dynamic associated prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption rate and hydrogen output based on the collected multidimensional operation parameters, optimizing parameters in the model through a data fitting method, and improving the suitability of the model to an actual operation scene; S3, adopting a rolling optimization principle, taking a preset time window as an iteration period, pre-judging the fluctuation trend of the hydrogen supply demand in advance based on an optimized dynamic prediction model, and generating a cooperative regulation and control scheme of a heating module power regulation range, a gas-liquid valve opening threshold value and a pump body rotating speed control parameter by taking 'maximizing hydrogen supply precision and minimizing energy loss' as objective functions; S4, the control and management system converts the generated regulation and control scheme into an execution instruction, and sends the execution instruction to the high-temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system, the hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system, the gas or liquid pipeline and the control valve system respectively, and the power of the heating module, the valve opening and the rotation speed of the pump body are dynamically adjusted, so that the matching of the hydrogen supply quantity and the power requirement of the fuel cell or the hydrogen internal combustion engine is realized, and the problem of power interruption caused by energy waste or insufficient hydrogen supply due to excessive hydrogen supply is avoided.

Description

Fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system and control method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply equipment, and particularly relates to a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system and a control method thereof. Background The hydrogen energy is used as a clean and efficient energy carrier, the application in the field of heavy trucks becomes an important direction of green transformation in the transportation industry, and the market demand is continuously growing by virtue of the advantages of zero emission, stable dynamic performance and the like of the fuel cell heavy truck. However, the current hydrogen supply mode of the fuel cell heavy truck still has a plurality of real problems to be solved urgently, and the large-scale development of the industry is severely restricted. The existing fuel cell heavy truck generally adopts a hydrogen supply mode that a high-pressure gas cylinder stores hydrogen, the gas cylinder is usually arranged at a vehicle head position, and the inside is filled with hydrogen in a high-pressure state. The extremely high storage pressure enables the hydrogen to have great potential safety hazards in the transportation, filling and use processes, and the inflammable and explosive characteristics increase the occurrence risks of safety accidents such as leakage and explosion, thus the safety of drivers and passengers and the road transportation safety are seriously threatened. Meanwhile, the fuel cell has specific requirements on the hydrogen input pressure, so that the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas cylinder cannot be completely released and utilized, a large amount of hydrogen is remained due to insufficient pressure, serious waste of hydrogen energy resources is caused, and the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen energy is obviously reduced. In addition, the energy density of hydrogen is lower, is limited by the storage capacity of a high-pressure gas cylinder, the endurance mileage of the fuel cell heavy truck is difficult to meet the long-distance transportation requirement, the transportation efficiency is influenced by frequent filling of hydrogen, the current situation of insufficient quantity of hydrogen stations is also limited, and the practicability of the fuel cell heavy truck is further reduced. The traditional hydrogen supply mode lacks an effective energy recovery mechanism, waste heat generated in the operation process is directly dissipated, so that energy waste is caused, and meanwhile, the operation energy consumption of the system is increased. The problems not only affect the popularization and application of the fuel cell heavy truck, but also prevent the hydrogen energy from falling to the ground on a large scale in the transportation field, so that the research and development of a hydrogen supply solution with safety, reliability, high energy utilization rate and strong cruising ability has important practical significance for promoting the development of the fuel cell heavy truck industry and promoting the efficient utilization of the hydrogen energy. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems of poor hydrogen storage safety, low hydrogen utilization rate, short endurance mileage, energy waste and the like of the existing fuel cell heavy-duty truck high-pressure gas cylinder, and realizes safe and efficient supply of hydrogen by adopting hydrogen oil as an energy source and matching an integrated system structure and an accurate regulation and control method, thereby improving the running stability and economy of the heavy-duty truck and promoting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy in the heavy-duty truck field. In view of the above-identified deficiencies or improvements in the art, as a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system comprising: The system comprises a control and management system for global regulation, a hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system for hydrogen oil supply and reaction product recovery, a high-temperature pressure container catalytic reaction system for hydrogen oil catalytic hydrogen discharge and hydrogen purification and stabilization, a starting power supply and an intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system for starting power supply, system cooling and waste heat recovery, a gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system for medium conveying and accurate control, and an intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank for closed-loop management of hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery; The dynamic hydrogen supply adjusting method based on the model predictive control MPC is built in the control and management system, a dynamic predictive model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen output is built by collecting multidimensional sensing data in real time, fluctuation of hydrogen supply de