CN-122000495-A - Long-acting composite additive, aqueous electrolyte and zinc-based battery

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc-based batteries, and particularly relates to a long-acting composite additive, aqueous electrolyte and a zinc-based battery. The long-acting composite additive provided by the invention comprises a main additive (shown as a formula 1) and a guest additive (shown as a formula 2), wherein the guest additive can be directionally arranged in a water-based electrolyte to form a hydrophilic shell of a micelle, and the main additive is coated in a hydrophobic nuclear cavity, so that uniform dispersion and stable coexistence are realized. 1 (1) Formula 2.

Inventors

• XIAO PIN
• REN XIAOLONG
• WANG JIANYUAN
• ZHAI WEI

Assignees

• 西北工业大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20260313

Claims (10)

1. 1. A long-acting composite additive, which is characterized by comprising a host additive and a guest additive; the structure of the main additive is shown as formula 1: The method comprises the steps of (1), The structure of the guest additive is as shown in formula 2: Formula 2; The R 1 includes at least one of hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, methylthio, cyano, sulfonate, halogen substituted C1-C3 alkyl, halogen substituted methylthio, and halogen substituted sulfonate; The R 2 includes at least one of a sulfonic acid group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a glucose group.
2. 2. The long-acting composite additive according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the host additive to the guest additive is 1 (0.5-5).
3. 3. The long acting complex additive of claim 1 wherein the bulk additive is N-trifluoromethylthio saccharin.
4. 4. The long acting complex additive of claim 1 or 2 wherein the guest additive is lauryl glucoside.
5. 5. A water-based electrolyte is characterized by comprising water, electrolyte salt and an additive, wherein the additive is the long-acting composite additive according to any one of claims 1-4, and a guest additive in the long-acting composite additive wraps a main additive to form a micelle structure.
6. 6. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the total mass of the long-acting composite additive is 0.001 to 5wt.% based on the total mass of the electrolyte salt and water.
7. 7. The aqueous electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the electrolyte salt is a zinc salt, and wherein the zinc salt comprises at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc triflate, zinc perchlorate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, and zinc difluorosulfimide.
8. 8. The aqueous electrolyte according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the molar concentration of the electrolyte salt in the aqueous electrolyte is 0.1 to 3mol/L.
9. 9. A zinc-based battery comprising an electrolyte, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, wherein the electrolyte contains the long-acting composite additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or the electrolyte is the aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
10. 10. The zinc-based battery of claim 9, wherein the zinc-based battery is a zinc ion battery, a zinc air battery, or a zinc-based flow battery.

Description

Long-acting composite additive, aqueous electrolyte and zinc-based battery Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc-based batteries, and particularly relates to a long-acting composite additive, aqueous electrolyte and a zinc-based battery. Background In a water-based zinc-based battery system, the zinc metal anode is regarded as one of ideal anode materials due to the advantages of high specific capacity, abundant resources and intrinsic safety, and has wide application prospect in the field of large-scale energy storage. However, the development of the system is deeply limited by the problem of zinc cathode/electrolyte interface, namely, on one hand, uneven deposition of zinc ions at the interface is easy to cause dendrite growth and possibly short circuit of the battery, and on the other hand, side reactions of hydrogen evolution and corrosion caused by water molecules can continuously consume active zinc and electrolyte, so that the cycle life and coulombic efficiency of the battery are remarkably deteriorated. In order to stabilize the interface of the zinc cathode, the strategy of the electrolyte functional additive is a research hot spot because of simplicity and high efficiency. By introducing a single additive, the solvation structure or interfacial adsorption behavior of zinc ions can be regulated to a certain extent. However, the complexity and multiplicity of zinc anode interface problems makes it often difficult to achieve a comprehensive, long-lasting stabilizing effect with single component additives. For example, additives focused on optimizing the deposition morphology may not effectively block water molecule attack, while additives that simply inhibit side reactions may negatively impact ion migration. More importantly, most single additives continue to consume or fail during cycling, failing to provide durable interfacial protection, and even introducing new compatibility issues due to single function. In order to overcome the limitations of single additives, researchers have begun to explore composite additive systems aimed at achieving integrated regulation of the interfacial microenvironment through the synergistic effect of the components. However, the solubility, dispersion stability and intermolecular interaction of the traditional composite additive in the electrolyte are difficult to coordinate, segregation or functional mutual interference is easy to generate, secondly, adsorption competition behaviors of all components on an electrode interface cannot be effectively controlled, so that an interface modification layer is loose in structure and uneven in function, a compact and stable protective layer is difficult to form, and most importantly, the traditional composite mode cannot realize controllable release of the additive, and long-acting protective function is difficult to succeed due to rapid consumption of the additive in the initial stage of circulation. In summary, the shortcomings of the existing composite additive in terms of dispersion uniformity, functional cooperativity and long-acting property lead to limitation in practical application. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a long-acting composite additive, a water-based electrolyte and a zinc-based battery, wherein the guest additive in the long-acting composite additive can be directionally arranged in the water-based electrolyte to form a hydrophilic shell of a micelle, and the main additive is coated in a hydrophobic nuclear cavity, so that uniform dispersion and stable coexistence are realized, the micelle structure realizes long-acting stable release of the main additive, ensures a durable and stable interface modification effect, inhibits side reactions of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution and corrosion, and improves the cycle life, coulomb efficiency and rate capability of the zinc-based battery. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention provides a long-acting composite additive, which comprises a main additive and a guest additive; the structure of the main additive is shown as formula 1: The method comprises the steps of (1), The structure of the guest additive is as shown in formula 2: Formula 2; The R 1 includes at least one of hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, methylthio, cyano, sulfonate, halogen substituted C1-C3 alkyl, halogen substituted methylthio, and halogen substituted sulfonate; The R 2 includes at least one of a sulfonic acid group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a glucose group. Preferably, the molar ratio of the host additive to the guest additive is 1 (0.5-5). Preferably, the bulk additive is N-trifluoromethylthio saccharin. Preferably, the guest additive is lauryl glucoside. The invention also provides a water-based electrolyte, which comprises water, electrolyte salt and an additive, wherein the additive is the long-acting c