CN-122000685-A - Ku frequency band linear polarization phased array antenna, control method thereof and channel calibration method

CN122000685ACN 122000685 ACN122000685 ACN 122000685ACN-122000685-A

Abstract

The application discloses a Ku frequency band random linear polarization phased array antenna and a control and calibration method thereof. The antenna comprises a printed board and a signal receiving chip, wherein a plurality of double-polarization antenna units are arranged on the printed board, each adjacent 2X 2 units form an antenna subarray, and the polarization directions of the two antenna units positioned in diagonal positions in the subarray are rotationally symmetrical relative to the center of the subarray, so that the phases of cross polarization components are opposite and offset each other. The control method configures the channel phase difference to be 0 degrees or 180 degrees according to the quadrant to which the target polarization angle belongs, and fine adjustment of the polarization angle in the quadrant is realized by utilizing the amplitude attenuation difference value among the channels. The application combines the geometric symmetry layout of the array surface with the amplitude combination control strategy, and obtains the polarization control capability with high linear polarization isolation and high precision without complex polarization network.

Inventors

ZHAO WEI
LIU JIANG
LIU BIN
CHEN RONGSHENG
CHENG WEI
YUAN YANWU
QUAN YUAN
CHENG XIAOWEI
Cai Tuan
ZHANG YONGKANG
ZHANG LINLIN

Assignees

合肥九盛卫星科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251226

Claims (10)

1. The Ku frequency band random linear polarization phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a printed board and a signal receiving chip which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of antenna units which are arranged in a rectangular grid are arranged on the upper surface of the printed board, the antenna units are divided into a plurality of antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray is composed of 2X 2 adjacent antenna units, 4 antenna units in each antenna subarray are distributed in a central symmetry mode by taking the geometric center of the subarray as an origin, the antenna units are dual-line polarization units and have a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction, and the polarization directions of the two antenna units at diagonal positions are rotationally symmetrical relative to the geometric center of the subarray in the antenna subarray, so that the phases of cross polarization components generated by the two antenna units are opposite.
2. The phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna element is a dual feed point feed structure comprising a first feed point and a second feed point, wherein a local coordinate system of the element is constructed with a geometric center point of the antenna element as an origin, the first feed point and the second feed point are respectively located on an x-axis and a y-axis of the local coordinate system, and wherein the signal receiving chip has receiving channels respectively connected to the first feed point and the second feed point.
3. The phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the size of the antenna elements on the upper surface of the printed board is 2n×2n, where N is a positive integer, and all the antenna elements on the printed board are arranged in a periodically extending manner according to a symmetrical layout of the antenna subarrays.
4. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the phased array antenna is a2 x2 subarray of antennas.
5. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the phased array antenna is tiled by 4 of the antenna sub-arrays to form a 4 x 4 array scale.
6. The phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein one signal receiving chip is correspondingly arranged in each of 2×2 antenna units, the signal receiving chip is an 8-channel receiving chip, and 8 radio frequency input ports of the 8-channel receiving chip are respectively connected with 8 feeding points of the 2×2 antenna units.
7. Phased array antenna as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that a slot line is provided in the antenna element.
8. A method of controlling any linear polarization based on a phased array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: S1, acquiring a target polarization angle theta of a linear polarized wave to be synthesized; S2, controlling a phase difference between two receiving channels connected with a first feeding point and a second feeding point of the same antenna unit according to the quadrant where the target polarization angle theta is located, wherein the phase difference is configured to be 0 degree or 180 degrees; S3, controlling the amplitude attenuation difference value between two receiving channels connected with a first feeding point and a second feeding point of the same antenna unit according to the specific numerical value of the target polarization angle theta in the quadrant; S4, through symmetrical layout of the antenna units in the antenna subarrays, cross polarization components of the antenna units are counteracted during signal synthesis.
9. The method of any linear polarization control of a phased array antenna according to claim 8, wherein the control strategy of the amplitude attenuation difference is when 0 DEG θ When 90 DEG, the phase of the first feeding point corresponding channel is configured to be 0 DEG, the attenuation is configured to be Sv, the phase of the second feeding point corresponding channel is configured to be 180 DEG, the attenuation is configured to be Sh, and when 90 DEG, the phase of the second feeding point corresponding channel is configured to be Sv θ When the angle is 180 degrees, the phase position of the channel corresponding to the first feeding point is configured to be 0 degrees, the attenuation amount is configured to be Sv, the phase position of the channel corresponding to the second feeding point is configured to be 0 degrees, the attenuation amount is configured to be Sh, wherein Sv and Sh are respectively the attenuation amounts of the vertical channel and the horizontal channel, and the polarization angle stepping control is realized by adjusting the difference value of Sv and Sh.
10. A Ku band linear polarization channel calibration method applied to the phased array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the signal receiving chip has 8 receiving channels RX1 to RX8, the method comprising: When the polarization angle θ=0°, and the RX1, RX4, RX5, and RX8 are configured to be in the maximum attenuation state, horizontally polarized incident waves are input to the antenna unit, and the RX2, RX3, RX6, and RX7 channels are corrected; when the polarization angle θ=90°, and the RX2, RX3, RX6, RX7 are configured to be in the maximum attenuation state, the incident wave of vertical polarization is input to the antenna unit, and the RX1, RX4, RX5, RX8 channels are corrected; When the polarization angle is 0 DEG θ When the angle is 90 DEG, 45 DEG polarized incident waves are input to the antenna unit, the RX1/RX2, RX3/RX4, RX5/RX6 and RX7/RX8 channels are compared in pairs, and the channel attenuation is adjusted to enable the signal intensity output by the pairs of channels to be the same; When the polarization angle is 90 DEG θ When 135 degrees, inputting 135 degrees polarized incident wave to the antenna unit, comparing the RX1/RX2, RX3/RX4, RX5/RX6 and RX7/RX8 channels in pairs, and adjusting channel attenuation to make the signal intensity output by the two channels the same.

Description

Ku frequency band linear polarization phased array antenna, control method thereof and channel calibration method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a Ku frequency band linear polarization phased array antenna, a control method thereof and a channel calibration method. Background In a satellite communication system in Ku frequency band, two polarization modes, circular polarization and linear polarization, are generally adopted. For a linear polarization satellite communication system, satellite signals are divided into two orthogonal linear polarization signals of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization for frequency multiplexing. The multiplexing condition is that the two linear polarization signals are isolated enough and do not interfere with each other. An index for measuring the polarization isolation characteristic of the antenna equipment is polarization isolation, the quality of the index has direct influence on the communication effect, and signals with two orthogonal polarizations are mutually interfered due to the fact that the isolation is too small, so that normal communication cannot be performed. With the development of technology and the reduction of cost, phased array technology is increasingly applied to the field of satellite communication, and the technology changes the beam direction and polarization mode of an antenna array by controlling the amplitude and phase of each radiating element in the antenna array. The prior phased array technology for forming any linear polarization mainly has the following methods, advantages and disadvantages: method 1, the antenna elements of the phased array are designed as half horizontally polarized antenna elements and half vertically polarized antenna elements. When receiving any linear polarized wave, the antenna units with two polarizations always receive a certain polarized component, and then the polarization characteristics of the receiving array can be adjusted by amplifying, phase shifting and attenuating signals through the polarization synthesis circuit, so that any linear polarization matching is realized. In the method, each antenna unit of the antenna array corresponds to one receiving channel, so that the power consumption is relatively low, but the method has the defect of low caliber efficiency. The method 2, the antenna unit of the phased array is designed as a double-linear polarization unit, namely, one antenna unit can receive signals with horizontal polarization and vertical polarization at the same time. When any linear polarization is transmitted, one antenna unit can completely receive the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the linear polarization signal, and two paths of orthogonal polarization signals are respectively amplified, phase-shifted, attenuated and synthesized, so that a synthesized signal with any linear polarization can be obtained. Compared with the method 1, the method has higher caliber efficiency of the array and can reach the theoretical level. Chinese patent CN210744162U gives an example of using this method to achieve arbitrary switching of linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, but the given feed phase distribution does not achieve arbitrary linear polarization control. And the polarization isolation of the array can only depend on the antenna array elements, and the polarization isolation of the array is difficult to improve. In the method 3, the antenna unit of the phased array is designed to be a double circular polarization unit, namely one antenna unit can receive two polarization signals of left circular polarization and right circular polarization at the same time. When any linear polarization is transmitted, one antenna unit can completely receive the left-hand circular polarization component and the right-hand circular polarization component of the linear polarization signal, and two paths of orthogonal polarization signals are amplified, phase-shifted and synthesized respectively, so that a synthesized signal with any linear polarization can be obtained. Compared with the method 1, the method has higher caliber efficiency of the array and can reach the theoretical level. In the prior art, the purpose of adjusting the polarization angle of the phased array antenna is achieved by adjusting the left-right rotation amplitude and the phase difference of the phased array antenna, so that the polarization tracking of the phased array antenna is realized. The Ku band downlink receiving antenna is generally difficult to directly design into a circular polarized antenna due to a wide bandwidth, and the linear polarized antenna is converted into the circular polarized antenna through a bridge, which is one of the disadvantages of the method, and the bridge needs to be added, so that a circuit is relatively complex. Another disadvantage of this method