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CN-122000703-A - Millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on laminated ultra-surface

CN122000703ACN 122000703 ACN122000703 ACN 122000703ACN-122000703-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on a laminated ultra-surface, which comprises a coplanar waveguide-substrate integrated coaxial line switching structure, an eight-division power divider based on the substrate integrated coaxial line structure, butterfly-shaped coupling slots and a laminated ultra-surface antenna, wherein energy is fed in by the coplanar waveguide, is transmitted to the substrate integrated coaxial line power divider through a blind hole structure and is uniformly distributed to 8 channels, and then is coupled and fed to the laminated ultra-surface antenna through the coupling slots. The invention stably works in the frequency range of 15.84 GHz-49.15 GHz, the return loss (S 11 ) is always lower than-10 dB, and the corresponding relative bandwidth is 102.5%. In the target working frequency band, the peak gain of the antenna can reach 18.58 dBi at most, and the ultra-wideband antenna has excellent ultra-wideband characteristics and good radiation performance.

Inventors

  • LIAN JIWEI
  • ZHAO ZHI
  • DING DAZHI
  • LIU YANG
  • WU QINGYUAN

Assignees

  • 南京理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260204

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on a laminated ultra-surface is characterized by comprising an ultra-wideband feed network (1) based on a substrate integrated coaxial line structure, a laminated ultra-surface structure (2) serving as a radiation aperture and an equivalent circuit model (3) of an antenna unit, wherein the ultra-wideband feed network (1) based on the substrate integrated coaxial line structure is composed of a first dielectric substrate (4), a first metal structure (9) printed at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate (4), an adhesive layer (5), a second dielectric substrate (6), a second metal structure (10) printed at the bottom of the second dielectric substrate (6), a third metal structure (11) printed at the top of the second dielectric substrate (6), metal blind holes (12) distributed on the second dielectric substrate (6) and metal through holes (13) distributed on the first dielectric substrate (4), the adhesive layer (5) and the second dielectric substrate (6), and the laminated ultra-surface structure (2) is composed of a third dielectric substrate (7), a fourth metal structure (14) printed at the top of the third dielectric substrate (7), the fourth dielectric substrate (8) and a fifth metal structure (15) printed on the top of the fourth dielectric substrate (8); wherein the third metal structure (11) is etched with U-shaped slot grooves (16) and 8 butterfly-shaped slot grooves (17), the fourth metal structure (14) is formed by 8 3X 3 super-surface arrays (18) and first gaskets (19), the adjacent 3X 3 super-surface arrays (18) are provided with a space, the fifth metal structure (15) is formed by 8 4X 4 super-surface arrays (20) and second gaskets (21), the adjacent 4X 4 super-surface arrays (20) are provided with a space, the first dielectric substrate (4), the adhesive layer (5), the second dielectric substrate (6), the third dielectric substrate (7), the fourth dielectric substrate (8), the first metal structure (9), the third metal structure (11), the first gaskets (19) and the second gaskets (21) are provided with 8 first mechanical holes (22) on both sides so as to facilitate mechanical assembly, the first dielectric substrate (4), the adhesive layer (5), the second dielectric substrate (6), the first metal structure (9) and the third metal structure (11) are provided with 2 second mechanical holes (23), and the equivalent antenna unit (24) is formed by an equivalent model of the antenna (3) and the antenna unit (25) extending from the model part of the equivalent circuit (25), the cavity model (26), the gap model (27), the transformer model (28) for representing the coupling effect, the 3×3 super-surface equivalent model (29) and the 4×4 super-surface equivalent model (30).
  2. 2. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1 is characterized in that an ultra-wideband feed network (1) based on a substrate integrated coaxial line structure adopts a multi-layer structure in space, the space layout of the ultra-wideband feed network sequentially comprises a first dielectric substrate (4), an adhesive layer (5) and a second dielectric substrate (6) from bottom to top, the first dielectric substrate (4) and the second dielectric substrate (6) are mutually adhered and are arranged in a stacked mode along the vertical direction, the adhesive layer (5) is arranged between the first dielectric substrate (4) and the second dielectric substrate (6) and is used for realizing fixed connection of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate (6), blind metal holes (12) are distributed in the second dielectric substrate (6) and are used for realizing electric connection between a metal structure (10) and a metal structure (11), and metal through holes (13) penetrate through the first dielectric substrate (4), the adhesive layer (5) and the second dielectric substrate (6) along the vertical direction and are used for realizing electric connection between different interlayer metal structures.
  3. 3. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the laminated ultra-surface structure (2) is a multi-layer structure in space, and the space layout of the laminated ultra-surface structure is sequentially from bottom to top, namely a third dielectric substrate (7), a 3×3 ultra-surface array (18) printed on the top of the third dielectric substrate (7), a fourth dielectric substrate (8) and a 4×4 ultra-surface array (20) on the top of the fourth dielectric substrate (8), so as to form a multi-layer medium and ultra-surface combined structure which is stacked up and down.
  4. 4. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial antenna array based on laminated ultra-surface according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent circuit model (3) of the antenna unit is sequentially connected in parallel with the port model (24) and the transmission line extension equivalent model (25) along the signal transmission path, the parallel structure is then integrally connected with the serial structure formed by the cavity model (26) and the slot model (27), wherein the slot model (27) is sequentially connected in parallel with the 3 x 3 ultra-surface equivalent model (29) by being connected in parallel with the transformer model (28) for representing the coupling effect, and is then in parallel with the equivalent model (30) of the 4 x 4 ultra-surface on the basis of the parallel connection to form an integral equivalent circuit.
  5. 5. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate (4) is formed of Rogers 5880, 83mm x 21.9mm x 0.381mm, the adhesive layer (5) is formed of Rogers 4450F, 83mm x 21.9mm x 0.1mm, the second dielectric substrate (6) is formed of Rogers 5880, 83mm x 21.9mm x 0.381mm, the third dielectric substrate (7) is formed of Rogers 5880, 83mm x 21.9mm x 1.016mm, a rectangular solid hollowed-out area is formed at an edge portion of the third dielectric substrate (7), the rectangular solid hollowed-out area is formed of a size of 61.3 mm x 14.8 mm x 1. mm, the fourth dielectric substrate (8) is formed of a rectangular solid hollowed-out area of a size of 35.25.35.35 mm, and the fourth dielectric substrate (7) is formed of a rectangular solid hollowed-out area of a size of 83mm 8.35.35.35 mm, and the fourth dielectric substrate (7) is formed of a rectangular solid hollowed-out area of a size of 83mm 8.9 mm 35.35.35 mm.
  6. 6. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the first metal structure (9), the second metal structure (10), the third metal structure (11), the fourth metal structure (14) and the fifth metal structure (15) are made of copper, the thickness is 0.035mm, the first metal structure (9) is 83mm by 21.9mm by 0.035mm, the second metal structure (10) is a signal line of a substrate integrated coaxial line and is composed of three-stage parallel structures and used for realizing transmission and distribution of radio frequency signals, the third metal structure (11) is etched with U-shaped slot grooves (16) and 8 butterfly-shaped slot grooves (17) so as to realize interlayer transmission, the diameter of a metal blind hole (12) is 0.3mm, the height is 0.381mm, the diameter of a metal through hole (13) is 0.3mm, the height is 0.862mm, and the distance between adjacent metal through holes (13) is 0.6mm.
  7. 7. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the third metal structure (11) and the metal blind hole (12) form a feed switching structure of the coplanar waveguide switching substrate integrated coaxial line after etching the U-shaped slot groove (16).
  8. 8. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the butterfly-shaped slot grooves (17) are of a bilateral symmetry structure, the width of the central narrow part is 0.3mm, the width of the open ends at two sides is 1.78 mm, the total length of the slot is 6.35 mm, and the distance between the adjacent butterfly-shaped slot grooves (17) is 7.3mm.
  9. 9. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial antenna array based on laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein said 3 x 3 ultra-surface array (18) has a size of 1.2mm by 1.2mm, a distance between adjacent cells of 0.1mm, a distance between adjacent 3 x 3 ultra-surface arrays (18) of 7.3mm, said first spacer (19) has a size of 11mm by 21.9mm; The size of the 4X 4 super-surface array (20) is 0.68mm x 0.68mm, the distance between adjacent units is 0.73mm, the distance between adjacent 4X 4 super-surface arrays (20) is 7.3mm, and the size of the second gasket (21) is 11mm x 21.9mm; the diameter of the first mechanical holes (22) is 2mm, the distance is 5mm, the diameter of the second mechanical holes (23) is 2.2mm, and the distance is 9.525mm.
  10. 10. The millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on laminated ultra-surface of claim 1, wherein the characteristic impedance of the port model (24) is 35 Ω; The transmission line extension part equivalent model (25) is formed by connecting a first resistor R s , a first inductor L s1 and a first capacitor C s1 in parallel, wherein the first resistor R S =60.3Ω, the first inductor L S1 =0.28 nH and the first capacitor C S1 =0.1 pF; the cavity model (26) is formed by connecting a second resistor R C , a second inductor L C and a second capacitor C C in parallel, wherein the second resistor R C =50.1Ω, the second inductor L C =0.28 nH and the second capacitor C C =0.13 pF; The gap model (27) is formed by a third inductor L S2 , a fourth inductor L S3 and a third capacitor C S2 into a pi-type network, wherein the third inductor L S2 =0.23 nH, the fourth inductor L S3 =4.5 nH and the third capacitor C S2 =0.15 pF; the transformer model (28) for representing the coupling effect has a coupling coefficient n=0.26; The 3×3 super-surface equivalent model (29) is formed by parallel connection of 3 groups of LC resonators, wherein the two groups of circuit parameters at the edge are the same, the values of the two groups of circuit parameters are respectively a fifth inductance L m1 =1.3 nH, a fourth capacitance C m1 =1.2 pF, a sixth inductance L m2 =0.03 nH, and a fifth capacitance C m2 =0.96 pF; The 4×4 super-surface equivalent model (30) is formed by parallel connection of 4 groups of LC resonances, wherein circuit parameters are symmetrical along the center, and the values of the circuit parameters are respectively a seventh inductance L m3 =0.64 nH, a sixth capacitance C m3 =0.12 pF, an eighth inductance L m4 =0.06 nH and a seventh capacitance C m4 =0.04 pF.

Description

Millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on laminated ultra-surface Technical Field The invention relates to the field of ultra-wideband antenna application, in particular to a millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on a laminated ultra-surface. Background With the continued evolution of wireless communication, radar sensing, and imaging technologies, the demand for higher data rates, greater capacity, and higher sensing accuracy for various types of systems has grown. Millimeter wave frequency bands have become an important research direction for high-speed communication and precision detection systems due to the abundant available spectrum resources and excellent spatial resolution capability. The ultra-wideband antenna working in the millimeter wave frequency band has a key effect on realizing high-speed data transmission, high-resolution imaging and high-precision target detection. In order to fully utilize the abundant spectrum resources of millimeter wave frequency bands, related researches have proposed various broadband antenna structures, such as a magneto-electric dipole antenna, a resonant cavity slot antenna, a horn antenna, a patch antenna and the like. Among them, broadband ultra-surface antennas are receiving attention by virtue of low profile, high design flexibility, and easy fabrication. And the special multimode excitation characteristic can excite multiple resonance modes simultaneously, so that the impedance bandwidth is remarkably expanded and the overall radiation performance is improved. However, most conventional subsurface antennas employ a single-layer uniform subsurface structure, and there is a limit to the inherent single electromagnetic characteristic, so that the impedance bandwidth is generally difficult to break through 40%. To this end, the concept of non-uniform supersurfaces and stacked supersurfaces is proposed. However, most of the existing non-uniform super-surface antennas are designed by using different patterns or different sizes of units, and the structural complexity is high. The laminated super surface has few researches at present, and an air layer structure needs to be introduced in most designs, and meanwhile, the research work is concentrated on a microwave frequency band. When the antenna is expanded to the millimeter wave frequency band array antenna, the problems of increased process complexity, limited bandwidth of a feed structure and the like are generally faced. Therefore, the method for designing the laminated super surface in the millimeter wave frequency band is explored, and the method has important significance for realizing the high-performance ultra-wideband antenna. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on a laminated ultra-surface, which provides a new solution for the problems of limited bandwidth, complex structure and difficult integration of the millimeter wave array of the existing ultra-surface antenna and illustrates the realization mechanism of ultra-wideband characteristics in principle. In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the millimeter wave ultra-wideband substrate integrated coaxial line antenna array based on the laminated ultra-surface comprises an ultra-wideband feed network based on a substrate integrated coaxial line structure, the laminated ultra-surface structure as a radiation aperture and an equivalent circuit model of an antenna unit; the ultra-wideband feed network based on the substrate integrated coaxial line structure consists of a first medium substrate, a first metal structure printed at the bottom of the first medium substrate, an adhesive layer, a second medium substrate, a second metal structure printed at the bottom of the second medium substrate, a third metal structure printed at the top of the second medium substrate, metal blind holes distributed on the second medium substrate and metal through holes distributed on the first medium substrate, the adhesive layer and the second medium substrate; the laminated super-surface structure consists of a third medium substrate, a fourth metal structure printed on the top of the third medium substrate, a fourth medium substrate and a fifth metal structure printed on the top of the fourth medium substrate, wherein a U-shaped slot groove and 8 butterfly-shaped slot grooves are etched on the third metal structure, the fourth metal structure consists of 8 3X 3 super-surface arrays and a first gasket, a spacing exists between every two adjacent 3X 3 super-surface arrays, the fifth metal structure consists of 8 4X 4 super-surface arrays and a second gasket, a spacing exists between every two adjacent 4X 4 super-surface arrays, and the first medium substrate, the adhesive layer, the second medium substrate, the third medium sub