CN-122001174-A - Magnetic circuit switch type permanent magnet driving device and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic circuit switch type permanent magnet driving device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet driving. The device comprises a stator, a rotor, a controllable magnetic circuit layer and a control system. The controllable magnetic circuit layer is arranged in an air gap between the stator and the rotor and is used as a magnetic circuit switch which can be controlled by an electric signal. The control system directly dispatches the static magnetic field between the permanent magnets by periodically switching the magnetic resistance states (high resistance state or low resistance state) of different partitions of the controllable magnetic circuit layer, thereby driving the rotor to realize continuous directional rotation. The invention eliminates the mode that the traditional motor relies on alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field, realizes the efficient and direct utilization of the static magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and has the outstanding advantages of high energy efficiency, simple control, large torque density, good reliability and the like.

Inventors

• JIANG HUA

Assignees

• 江华

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20251209

Priority Date

20251015

Claims (20)

1. 1.A magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device, characterized by comprising: at least one drive assembly, each of said drive assemblies comprising a stator, a rotor and a controllable magnetic circuit layer; The controllable magnetic circuit layer is arranged between the stator and the rotor, and the magnetic resistance or the magnetic permeability of the controllable magnetic circuit layer can be dynamically changed in response to external excitation; And the control system is used for applying the external excitation to the controllable magnetic circuit layer so as to control the magnetic state of at least one subarea to be periodically changed, thereby driving the rotor to continuously rotate in a directional manner.
2. 2. The permanent magnet drive of claim 1 wherein the controllable magnetic circuit layer is physically mounted to the stator, to the rotor, or to a separate support structure.
3. 3. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controllable magnetic circuit layer is composed of a matrix made of a magnetically saturated material and a control part for changing the magnetization state of the matrix, and the control system is used for switching the matrix between the magnetically saturated state and the unsaturated state by controlling the control part, so that the change of the reluctance state of the matrix is realized.
4. 4. A magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 3, wherein the saturation induction of the matrix of magnetically saturable material is slightly higher or lower than the static operating induction generated by the permanent magnets on the stator and/or rotor at the controllable magnetic circuit layer.
5. 5. The magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet driving device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the magnetically saturated material matrix is made of a soft magnetic material with high initial permeability and low coercivity, preferably comprising permalloy, iron-based nanocrystalline, microcrystalline material or ferrite.
6. 6. A magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controllable magnetic circuit layer is a magnetic barrier layer comprising a layer of high reluctance material and/or a dynamic adjustment unit for selectively blocking or conducting the magnetic flux path.
7. 7. A magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the controllable magnetic circuit layer comprises magnetorheological fluid or a piezomagnetic material whose permeability is changeable in response to an electric field or mechanical stress.
8. 8. A magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet driving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controllable magnetic circuit layer is constituted by a plurality of soft magnetic units whose physical states are changeable, and the control system changes the physical states of these soft magnetic units by a micro driving mechanism to reconstruct the magnetic circuit.
9. 9. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means for exerting a control action on the controllable magnetic circuit layer is arranged in relation to the controllable magnetic circuit layer as follows: a) The control part is integrated in the controllable magnetic circuit layer itself, or B) The control component is independently arranged on the rotor or the stator.
10. 10. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 9, wherein when the configuration b is adopted, the control means is an auxiliary control coil provided on the rotor and/or stator, and the control system generates a control magnetic field acting on the controllable magnetic circuit layer by controlling the current of the auxiliary control coil.
11. 11. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 3, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the device is configured as a repulsive force type layout, an attractive force type layout or a repulsive force and attractive force mixed type layout; wherein the control system is configured to: When the arrangement is the repulsive force type arrangement, the controllable magnetic circuit layer of the control target partition is switched to a high magnetic resistance state so as to drive the rotor to rotate towards the area; when the magnetic circuit layer is in the attractive layout, the controllable magnetic circuit layer of the control target partition is switched to a low magnetic resistance state so as to drive the rotor to rotate towards the region; when the magnetic circuit layer is in a repulsive force and gravitation mixed layout, the controllable magnetic circuit layer of the control target partition is switched to a low magnetic resistance state so as to drive the rotor to rotate towards the region.
12. 12. The magnetic circuit switch type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises a driving combination, the controllable magnetic circuit layer in the driving combination is divided into at least two partitions capable of being regulated and controlled independently, and the control system drives the rotor by alternately switching the magnetic states of the at least two partitions.
13. 13. The magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 12, wherein the one drive combination comprises a rotor and at least two stator elements disposed around the rotor, the controllable magnetic circuit layer being disposed between the rotor and each stator element.
14. 14. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 13, further comprising an electromagnetic clutch and a unidirectional rotation mechanism corresponding to each stator element, wherein the control system is further configured to coordinate and control engagement and disengagement of the electromagnetic clutch.
15. 15. The magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drive comprises at least two of the drive combinations, the rotors of each of the drive combinations being mechanically coupled to output power, the control system being configured to control each of the drive combinations to alternately enter an active drive state.
16. 16. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 15, wherein each of the driving combinations comprises a rotor and a stator corresponding to the rotor, and the device further comprises an electromagnetic clutch, a unidirectional rotation mechanism and a phase compensator corresponding to each driving combination.
17. 17. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the driving combination is configured as an inner rotor type, an outer rotor type, a single stator double rotor type or a single rotor double stator type.
18. 18. The magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 17, wherein when the drive combination configuration is of inner rotor type: The stator is annular, and the whole area of the inner circumferential surface of the stator is provided with a first permanent magnet array; the rotor is arranged inside the stator, and at least two symmetrical areas of the outer circumferential surface of the rotor are provided with second permanent magnet arrays.
19. 19. The magnetic circuit switching permanent magnet drive according to claim 17, wherein when the drive combination configuration is of the outer rotor type: The stator is arranged in the center of the device, and the whole area of the outer circumferential surface of the stator is provided with a first permanent magnet array; The rotor is annular and sleeved outside the stator, and at least two symmetrical areas on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor are provided with second permanent magnet arrays.
20. 20. The magnetic circuit switching type permanent magnet driving device according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, When the device is in a repulsive force type or attractive force type layout, all the permanent magnet poles of the first permanent magnet array face the same direction, and the magnetic pole direction of the second permanent magnet array is repulsive or attractive to the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnet array; when the device is in a repulsive force and attractive force mixed layout, the first permanent magnet array and the second permanent magnet array are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction according to N poles and S poles.

Description

Magnetic circuit switch type permanent magnet driving device and control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet driving, in particular to a permanent magnet driving device and a control method for realizing continuous directional rotation of a rotor through magnetic circuit regulation. Background The operation of the traditional permanent magnet driving devices such as a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a brushless direct current motor and the like depends on that multiphase alternating current is fed into a stator winding to generate a rotating magnetic field to drag a permanent magnet rotor. This conventional principle causes two inherent limitations, namely low energy utilization and complex control system. The system cannot directly and efficiently utilize the inherent static magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and electric energy must be continuously consumed to generate a driving magnetic field, so that significant winding and core loss are caused. Meanwhile, in order to realize stable driving, complicated position sensors, controllers and algorithms (such as vector control) are needed, so that the cost is high and the real-time performance is strictly required. Although some schemes are improved through magnetic circuit regulation, the problems of delayed dynamic response, poor structural stability, limited applicable scene and the like exist. Therefore, developing a new driving principle that can directly schedule and utilize a static permanent magnetic field, rather than relying on continuous electric energy conversion to generate a magnetic field, has become a key to breaking through the bottleneck of the prior art. The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a permanent magnet directional driving device and method based on magnetic circuit dispatching, which have the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and high efficiency. Disclosure of Invention In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: A magnetic circuit switch type permanent magnet driving device comprises at least one driving combination, wherein each driving combination comprises a stator, a rotor and a controllable magnetic circuit layer, the controllable magnetic circuit layer is arranged between the stator and the rotor, the magnetic resistance or the magnetic permeability of the controllable magnetic circuit layer can be dynamically changed in response to external excitation, and a control system is used for applying the external excitation to the controllable magnetic circuit layer so as to control the magnetic state of at least one subarea to be periodically changed, so that the rotor is driven to continuously rotate in a directional mode. The controllable magnetic circuit layer can be composed of a matrix made of magnetic saturation materials and a control component for changing the magnetization state of the matrix, and the control system enables the matrix to be switched between the magnetic saturation state and the non-saturation state by controlling the control component, so that the change of the magnetic resistance state of the matrix is realized. The saturation induction of the matrix of magnetically saturable material is slightly higher or lower than the static working induction generated by the permanent magnets on the stator and/or rotor at the controllable magnetic circuit layer. In particular, the controllable magnetic circuit layer is arranged in the air gap between the rotor and the stator. The controllable magnetic circuit layer may be fixed to the stator, rotor or independent support structure. The magnetic field control component (such as a control coil) is used for applying a control magnetic field to the controllable magnetic circuit layer, and can be integrated in the controllable magnetic circuit layer itself or can be independently arranged on the rotor or the stator. Through the combination of the different positions of the components, the dynamic regulation and control of the air gap magnetic circuit can be realized. A controllable magnetic circuit layer, broadly referred to as any functional layer whose reluctance or permeability can be dynamically modulated by external excitation (including but not limited to electricity, magnetism, mechanical force, heat, etc.), is used to periodically alter the distribution path of the magnetic field between the rotor and stator. Implementations of the controllable magnetic circuit layer include, but are not limited to: (1) The controllable magnetic circuit layer consists of a magnetic saturation material matrix and a control coil embedded in the magnetic saturation material matrix, and the magnetic resistance is changed by saturating or desaturating the magnetic saturation material matrix through electric control; (2) Composed of magnetorheological fluid, piezomagnetic material, etc., whose permeability can be changed in respo