CN-122001338-A - All-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit

CN122001338ACN 122001338 ACN122001338 ACN 122001338ACN-122001338-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, in particular to an all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on a multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit, which aims to solve the technical problem that the output pulse cannot meet the requirements of high amplitude, fast front edge and low jitter simultaneously due to inherent parasitic inductance in a discharge loop of the existing multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit. The standard source comprises a direct current charging power supply, a trigger unit, an avalanche diode Marx circuit, a coaxial output cable, a radiation antenna and a waveform modulation structure. The invention improves the Marx circuit topology structure of the multi-tube serial avalanche transistor, introduces an additional waveform modulation structure, effectively improves the rising time of output pulses, solves the technical problem of pulse front edge broadening caused by parasitic inductance of the multi-tube serial circuit, and can generate high-amplitude, fast front edge and low-jitter high-altitude electromagnetic pulse waveforms meeting the standard requirements of the International electrotechnical Commission.

Inventors

CHENG LE
HUA JIANTAO
WU GANG
WANG HAIYANG
JIA WEI
Mei Jiesheng
SHI LING
GUO FAN
JIA ZHEN

Assignees

西北核技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251211

Claims (9)

1. An all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on a multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit is characterized by comprising a direct-current charging power supply (1), a trigger unit, an avalanche diode Marx circuit (4), a coaxial output cable (5) and a radiation antenna (6); the direct-current charging power supply (1) is connected with a charging port of the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) and is used for charging an energy storage capacitor in the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4); the output end of the trigger unit is connected with the trigger input end of the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) and is used for generating a trigger signal and driving the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) to work; The avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) is used for generating pulse voltage, and the output end of the avalanche diode Marx circuit is connected with the input end of the radiation antenna (6) through the coaxial output cable (5); the radiation antenna (6) is used for radiating an input pulse signal.
2. An all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on a multi-tube serial avalanche diode (Marx) circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a waveform modulation structure (7); The waveform modulation structure (7) is formed by a rectangular grounding metal sheet and is arranged below a circuit board of the avalanche transistor Marx circuit (4), and a pair of ground distributed capacitors are respectively formed with a base electrode, an emitter electrode and a collector electrode of the avalanche transistor; the waveform modulation structure (7) is cooperated with the triggering unit, and after the triggering unit drives the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) to output pulse voltage, the waveform modulation structure (7) steepens the output pulse voltage by using the distributed capacitance to ground.
3. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit is characterized in that the output voltage of the direct-current charging power supply (1) is 0-2 kV.
4. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit according to claim 1, wherein the triggering unit comprises a programmable logic signal generator (2) and an electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3); the output end of the programmable logic signal generator (2) is connected with the input end of the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3) through a coaxial cable and is used for generating a programmable trigger signal; The output end of the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3) is connected with the triggering input end of the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) through a coaxial cable, and the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3) is used for transmitting and adjusting triggering signals; the inside of the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3) is provided with a multimode optical fiber connection channel for realizing the transmission of photoelectric signals inside the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3).
5. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit according to claim 4, wherein the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) is an MxN stage, wherein M is a Marx circuit stage, and each stage comprises N avalanche tubes connected in series, a charging capacitor, a charging resistor and a grounding resistor; The base electrode of a first avalanche transistor Q 1,1 of the first stage is connected with the output end of the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3), the base electrodes of the other avalanche transistors are in short circuit with the emitter electrode, and the collector electrode of the former avalanche transistor in each stage is connected with the emitter electrode of the latter avalanche transistor; the emitter of the first avalanche transistor of each stage is connected with one end of the grounding resistor of the stage, the collector of the last avalanche transistor is respectively connected with one end of the charging resistor of the stage and one end of the charging capacitor, the other ends of the grounding resistors of each stage are grounded, the other ends of the charging resistors are connected with a direct current charging power supply (1), the other ends of the charging capacitors of the first stage are grounded, the other ends of the charging capacitors of the other stages are respectively connected with one end of the grounding resistor of the previous stage, and one end of the grounding resistor of the last stage is connected with a radiation antenna (6) through a coaxial output cable (5); And the two ends of the collector and the emitter of each stage of avalanche transistor in the avalanche transistor Marx circuit (4) are connected with megaohm voltage equalizing resistors in parallel, so that static and dynamic voltage equalizing effects are realized in the direct current charging and circuit establishment process.
6. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit is characterized in that the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3) is connected with the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) through a differential circuit; The differential circuit comprises a capacitor C in and a resistor R in , one end of the capacitor C in is connected with the output end of the electro-optic-photoelectric conversion module (3), the other end of the capacitor C in is connected with one end of the resistor R in and the base electrode of a first avalanche transistor Q 1,1 in the avalanche transistor Marx circuit (4), and the other end of the resistor R in is connected with the emitter electrode of the avalanche transistor Q 1,1 ; The trigger signal generated by the trigger unit is converted into a fast-forward trigger pulse after passing through a differential circuit formed by C in and R in , and is fed into the base electrode of a first avalanche transistor Q 1,1 of a first stage in the avalanche transistor Marx circuit (4) to drive the first stage avalanche transistor to conduct, and the rest avalanche transistors are sequentially conducted under the overvoltage condition, so that the avalanche transistor Marx circuit is built.
7. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit is characterized in that the working voltage of the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4) is 1-2 kV, the output voltage amplitude is 10-15 kV, the pulse front edge is 2-3 ns, and the half-width is 25-30 ns.
8. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the characteristic impedance of the coaxial output cable (5) is 50 Ω or 75 Ω, and the coaxial output cable is used for transmitting the output pulse voltage of the avalanche diode Marx circuit (4).
9. The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit according to claim 1, wherein the radiation antenna (6) is used for forming a radiation electric field environment, and the radiation electric field environment can be a metal polar plate or a metal wire grid, and can be in the form of a bounded wave antenna, a biconical dipole antenna and a biconical dipole antenna.

Description

All-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit Technical Field The invention relates to a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation device, in particular to an all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on a multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit. Background The high-altitude electromagnetic pulse is an instantaneous strong electromagnetic radiation field generated by high-altitude nuclear explosion, has the characteristics of nanosecond-level fast front edge, high field intensity (up to 50 kV/m) and wide frequency spectrum (covering kHz to GHz), and can cause global and destructive damage to an electronic information system. With the increasing degree of dependence of modern military and civilian infrastructure on electronic informationized devices, high altitude electromagnetic pulse protection has become a central topic of national security and critical facility reliability. Developing high-altitude electromagnetic pulse effect research, there is a need for an electromagnetic pulse excitation source that can accurately reproduce the high amplitude, fast leading edge, and low jitter of the waveform prescribed by the international electrotechnical commission standard. The existing simulation device based on the gas switch generally has the problems of huge volume, low waveform fidelity, poor controllability and the like, and is difficult to meet the standardized test requirement. The all-solid-state nanosecond pulse source adopts semiconductor devices such as a magnetic switch, a MOSFET, an IGBT or a photoconductive switch, but still has the problems of large volume, high weight, complex control system, low switching speed and the like, and is difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of high amplitude, fast front edge and low jitter. The avalanche triode is used as a silicon-based semiconductor device, and has the characteristics of simple driving, long service life, high repetition frequency and low cost, thereby being an ideal switch for realizing all-solid-state standard sources. However, due to the limitation of single-tube withstand voltage, voltage superposition is required by using a Marx circuit topology with multiple tubes connected in series in order to generate high-voltage pulses of tens of kilovolts. With the increase of the number of stages, the circuit scale and complexity will be significantly increased. The parasitic inductance of the single avalanche transistor, the loop lead inductance and the interstage mutual inductance of the Marx circuit can form equivalent series inductance of hundreds of nanohenry stages in a discharge loop, so that the front edge of an output pulse is widened to be more than 5ns, and the fast front edge characteristic requirement of a standard electromagnetic pulse waveform is difficult to meet. In addition, the existing circuit lacks an effective waveform modulation structure, and the rising time and stability of the output pulse are insufficient. The output end of the Marx circuit is connected with the radiation antenna by adopting a customized switching structure, and the design is complex. Most of the output ends of the existing all-solid-state pulse sources are fixed impedance interfaces, only a single radiation antenna is adapted, different test scenes are difficult to adapt, and the application range of the anti-electromagnetic pulse test is limited. Therefore, how to generate high-amplitude, fast-forward and low-jitter radiation field waveforms on the basis of a multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit, and construct an all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source meeting the international standard waveform requirements becomes a key technical problem to be solved in the field. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on a multi-tube serial avalanche tube Marx circuit, which aims to solve the technical problem that output pulses cannot meet the requirements of high amplitude, fast forward and low jitter simultaneously due to inherent parasitic inductance in a discharge loop in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The all-solid-state high-altitude electromagnetic pulse standard source based on the multi-tube serial avalanche diode Marx circuit is characterized by comprising a direct-current charging power supply, a trigger unit, the avalanche diode Marx circuit, a coaxial output cable and a radiation antenna. The direct-current charging power supply is connected with a charging port of the avalanche diode Marx circuit and is used for charging an energy storage capacitor in the avalanche diode Marx circuit; the output end of the trigger unit is connected with the trigger input end of the avalanche diode Marx circuit and is used for