CN-122001430-A - Millimeter wave beam forming accurate regulation and control method

CN122001430ACN 122001430 ACN122001430 ACN 122001430ACN-122001430-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave beam forming precise regulation and control, which comprises the steps of system initialization and parameter configuration, completion of core module initialization, node time synchronization and two-way identity authentication, channel state and interference environment sensing, acquisition of channel parameter identification interference types, generation of a channel state matrix and an interference distribution map, calculation of multi-beam amplitude Xiang Quan weight, completion of beam precise forming and rapid switching, real-time monitoring of beam forming effects, dynamic closed-loop optimization of beam parameters, and cooperative scheduling of multi-user time-frequency resources, and completion of data transmission and system state feedback. The invention greatly improves the millimeter wave beam regulation and control precision and the anti-interference capability, compresses the beam switching time delay, optimizes the frequency spectrum and the beam resource utilization efficiency, ensures the long-term stability of a communication link and adapts to the application requirements of multi-scene millimeter wave communication.

Inventors

OUYANG JIANWEI
MA SHENGGUANG
YUAN YUHUI
ZHANG LANXI
YANG GUANGJU

Assignees

南京才华科技集团有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260410

Claims (10)

1. The millimeter wave beam forming accurate regulation and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: System initialization and parameter configuration, namely completing initialization of a core module after a millimeter wave transceiver is powered on, acquiring node position and time synchronization information, presetting a working mode and frequency band parameters, configuring antenna array basic parameters, establishing a communication link with an upper computer and completing identity authentication and permission verification; Channel state and interference environment sensing, complete millimeter wave channel full-band scanning, collect channel and interference related parameters, identify the position and type of an interference source, generate a channel state matrix and an interference distribution map and synchronize to a beam forming control module; the method comprises the steps of (1) initially calculating multi-beam amplitude-phase weights, calculating initial amplitude-phase weights of array elements of an antenna array based on a self-adaptive algorithm by combining target node positions, channel states and interference distribution, determining main beam key parameters, and setting interference direction zero point suppression and polarization regulation parameters; the beam forming is fast shaped and switched, the amplitude-phase characteristics of the antenna array elements are adjusted according to the amplitude-phase weight, and the main beam is accurately shaped and fast switched in a wide range; The method comprises the steps of monitoring the beam forming effect in real time, collecting signal performance parameters of a receiving end in data transmission, monitoring the interference suppression effect, and comparing with preset indexes to generate a beam forming effect evaluation report; dynamic closed-loop optimization of beam parameters, iterative optimization of antenna array amplitude and phase weight, polarization and zero suppression parameters based on evaluation reports and channel real-time changes, and compensation of beam distortion; the multi-user time-frequency resource collaborative scheduling is performed, independent time-frequency resources are allocated for the multi-user based on a beam forming result, interference is restrained through space beam isolation, and resource allocation is dynamically adjusted; And (3) data transmission and state feedback, namely finishing the tasks of data transmission and link establishment through millimeter wave beams, synchronously feeding back system information, encrypting transmission data and checking the integrity.
2. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, further comprising the step of regulating and controlling the three-dimensional positioning and zero depth of an interference source in a self-adaptive manner, wherein the arrival angle, the arrival time difference and the polarization characteristics of an interference signal are collected cooperatively through multiple nodes, a three-dimensional space coordinate model of the interference source is built by combining Beidou or GPS positioning data of each node, the zero suppression depth and the zero width of beam forming are adaptively regulated according to the intensity and the type of the interference signal, a multi-zero beam forming scheme is generated under a multi-interference source scene, and the gain of a main wave beam and the interference suppression effect are synchronously optimized.
3. The method for precisely regulating and controlling the millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of optimizing the time delay of beam switching and tracking a high-speed moving target, predicting the movement track and the next moment position of the target node through a Kalman filtering algorithm based on the moving speed, the moving direction and the position change data of the target node, calculating amplitude and phase weight parameters required by the beam switching in advance, pre-configuring the amplitude and phase regulating and controlling state of an antenna array, compressing the response time delay of the beam switching, continuously updating the beam pointing and shaping parameters in the high-speed moving process of the target node, and completing continuous stable tracking of a main beam on the moving target.
4. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein an array amplitude-phase weight joint optimization model is adopted in the initial calculation process of the multi-beam amplitude-phase weight, and the calculation expression is as follows Wherein For an optimal amplitude Xiang Quan weight vector of the antenna array, Superscript for amplitude and phase weight vector of antenna array Represents the operation of conjugate transposition, For the spatial covariance matrix of the interference plus noise, Is an array manifold vector of the target direction, Is the pitch angle of the target direction, For the azimuth angle of the target direction, Is the first Array manifold vectors of the directions of the individual sources of interference, Is the first The pitch angle of the individual sources of interference, Is the first The azimuth of the individual sources of interference, Is the first The zero-point suppression threshold for each interference direction, Is the total number of interferers.
5. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein in the dynamic closed-loop optimization process of beam parameters, a time-division iterative optimization strategy is adopted for multipath effect and fast fading characteristics of millimeter wave channels, an optimization period is divided into a fast adjustment period and a steady maintenance period, when the channel state change rate exceeds a threshold value, the fast adjustment period is entered, the weight iterative interval is shortened, the optimization frequency is increased, the beam distortion caused by channel time variation is rapidly compensated, when the channel state tends to be stable, the steady maintenance period is entered, and meanwhile, the side lobe level constraint is introduced in the iterative process.
6. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein in the process of multiuser time-frequency resource cooperative scheduling, a multiuser beam resource allocation matrix is constructed based on the communication service priority, the data transmission rate requirement and the channel quality state of users, and simultaneously, spatial coupling interference among beams of different users is eliminated through beam space orthogonalization processing, and the beam quantity and resource allocation proportion are regulated in real time by combining the dynamic changes of the number of users and the service requirement.
7. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein a polarization matching and cross polarization cancellation combined optimization model is adopted in the process of regulating and controlling high cross polarization isolation, and the calculation expression is as follows Wherein the method comprises the steps of For optimal cross-polarization isolation, The magnitude of the electric field strength in the main polarization direction, For the magnitude of the electric field strength in the initial cross-polarization direction, The method comprises the steps of generating a cancellation electric field opposite to an initial cross polarization electric field by adjusting polarization excitation phases and amplitudes of array elements of an antenna array for the cross polarization cancellation electric field amplitude introduced by polarization regulation.
8. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein in the process of system initialization and parameter configuration, a multi-node distributed time synchronization scheme is adopted, a time reference of a main node Beidou or GPS module is used as a core, time synchronization messages are broadcast to all slave nodes through millimeter wave beams, transmission delay is calculated and a local clock is corrected after the slave nodes receive the messages, unique equipment identification and beam forming control authority are allocated to all the nodes, and a beam forming cooperative control link among the multi-nodes is established.
9. The method for precisely regulating and controlling the millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein a multi-dimensional beam performance evaluation system is constructed in the process of monitoring the beam forming effect in real time, a signal-to-noise ratio, a receiving gain, an interference suppression ratio, a cross polarization isolation degree and beam pointing deviation are used as core evaluation indexes, a beam forming comprehensive performance score is calculated, when the comprehensive score is lower than a preset qualified threshold value, a beam parameter closed loop optimization process is automatically triggered, and meanwhile, the channel state, the interference environment and system operation parameters of a beam performance abnormal period are recorded to form a beam performance abnormal database.
10. The method for precisely regulating and controlling millimeter wave beam forming according to claim 1, wherein in the process of data transmission and state feedback, a safe transmission scheme combining hierarchical encryption and lightweight integrity check is adopted, encryption processing is carried out on beam control instructions and core transmission data by adopting an asymmetric encryption algorithm, encryption is carried out on common state feedback data by adopting a symmetric encryption algorithm, a data integrity check value is generated by a hash algorithm, and after check value comparison and data decryption are completed at a receiving end, corresponding beam control operation is carried out, meanwhile, encryption check flow is simplified, and transmission delay caused by encryption check is controlled by adopting an operation algorithm with low time complexity.

Description

Millimeter wave beam forming accurate regulation and control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave wireless communication, in particular to a precise regulation and control method for millimeter wave beam forming. Background The millimeter wave communication relies on electromagnetic wave transmission signals in the frequency band of 30 to 300GHz, has the characteristics of large bandwidth, low time delay and long-distance transmission, is a core component of a medium-and-long-distance wireless communication system, and can be applied in various fields such as emergency communication, remote area communication, ocean navigation, weather detection, civil aviation, military communication and the like in a large scale. Compared with satellite communication, the millimeter wave communication system has lower deployment cost and more flexible networking mode, can realize sky wave propagation by means of ionosphere reflection, can complete signal transmission of tens of thousands of kilometers by multiple reflection of the ground and the ionosphere, can realize wide area coverage without a large number of relay stations, and has outstanding anti-damage capability. Along with the continuous improvement of the requirements of wireless communication service on transmission rate and anti-interference performance, the beam forming technology becomes a core supporting technology of the millimeter wave communication system, high-gain narrow beams can be formed in a target direction by regulating and controlling amplitude-phase parameters of a multi-antenna array, and meanwhile, signal zero points are formed in an interference direction, so that the method is a key means for improving millimeter wave transmission distance, anti-interference capability and spectrum utilization rate, and the regulating and controlling precision and response speed directly determine the overall performance of the millimeter wave communication system. The conventional millimeter wave beam forming technology still has a multi-dimensional technology short board in practical application, and is difficult to adapt to the application requirements of complex electromagnetic environments and diversified scenes. In a beam forming weight calculation link, the existing algorithm mostly adopts a static calculation mode of fixed constraint, the main beam gain optimization and the interference direction zero point suppression cannot be synchronously considered, the main beam pointing precision is insufficient, the side lobe level control effect is poor, the depth zero point suppression of the interference direction cannot be realized in a multi-interference source scene, and the anti-interference performance is difficult to reach expectations. Aiming at the time-varying characteristics and multipath effects of millimeter wave channels, the prior art lacks an effective dynamic compensation mechanism, when the channel state changes, the iteration optimization of beam parameters lags behind, the problems of beam distortion and main beam gain reduction easily occur, and the long-term stability of the beam forming performance cannot be maintained. In a high-speed moving scene, the existing beam switching mechanism adopts a serial processing mode of detection and adjustment, the response time delay of beam switching is large, continuous tracking of a moving target cannot be realized, the problem of communication link interruption easily occurs, and the communication requirements of high-speed moving scenes such as an unmanned plane, a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal and the like are difficult to adapt. Meanwhile, the prior art has insufficient regulation and optimization of antenna polarization characteristics, the cross polarization isolation control effect is poor, the polarization interference between the receiving and transmitting links is difficult to be effectively inhibited, and the receiving and transmitting isolation performance and the signal transmission quality of the millimeter wave communication system are directly affected. The existing millimeter wave beam forming technology also has the problem of insufficient multi-dimensional collaborative optimization, beam forming regulation and control and multi-user time-frequency resource scheduling are mutually disjointed, effective suppression of multi-user interference cannot be realized through space beam isolation, and the utilization efficiency of spectrum resources and beam resources is low in a multi-user parallel communication scene. In a multi-node distributed networking scene, the prior art lacks a high-precision time synchronization mechanism, the time sequence consistency of each node beam forming operation is insufficient, and the cooperative regulation and control of multi-node beam forming cannot be realized. The real-time monitoring and closed-loop optimization mechanism of the beam forming effect is imperfect, a multi-dimensional perform