CN-122002448-A - Relay networking method for low-power wireless communication

CN122002448ACN 122002448 ACN122002448 ACN 122002448ACN-122002448-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a relay networking method for low-power wireless communication, which adopts a layered structure and a dynamic relay selection mechanism and performs networking according to the following steps that S1, an upper layer adopts a base station as a main control node and is responsible for data reporting, data issuing, network management, node registration, ID allocation and global route maintenance, S2, a middle layer is a non-low-power relay node and is responsible for regional communication relay, signal monitoring and networking coordination, S3, a bottom layer is a low-power terminal node and is responsible for periodical heartbeat packet sending, data acquisition and networking request. The relay networking method for low-power wireless communication can expand the transmission distance of low-power nodes, provide low-cost local coverage and realize an efficient self-organizing network.

Inventors

AN SEN
SHI TAILONG
ZHU XIAOYU

Assignees

上海埃威信息科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251217

Claims (10)

1. A relay networking method of low-power wireless communication is characterized in that a layered structure and a dynamic relay selection mechanism are adopted to carry out networking according to the following steps: S1, a base station is adopted as a main control node in an upper layer and is responsible for data reporting, data issuing, network management, node registration, ID allocation and global route maintenance; S2, the middle layer is a non-low-power-consumption relay node and is responsible for regional communication relay, signal monitoring and network access coordination; S3, the bottom layer is a low-power consumption terminal node and is responsible for periodic heartbeat packet sending, data acquisition and network access request.
2. The relay networking method of low power wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein the non-low power nodes act as area manager and relay functions in the network initialization stage, and the networking process is as follows: S21, monitoring the broadcast of a search packet in a network after a non-low-power-consumption node is started, and recording the signal strength, communication delay and data integrity index of the node after the search packet of the network-access node is received; s22, in the selection stage, after the continuous reception of the search packet reaches the preset time, the non-low-power-consumption node evaluates the received node information and selects an optimal node according to the comprehensive priority; s23, in the request stage, after the optimal node is selected, the non-low-power-consumption node sends a network access request packet to the base station; s24, after receiving the request, the base station allocates a unique network access ID for the node, generates a corresponding network access configuration packet, and forwards the configuration packet to the target node in turn according to the reporting route; S25, in the confirmation stage, after the target node receives the configuration packet, the network access confirmation packet is returned to the base station, and the network access configuration is completed for the non-low-power-consumption node.
3. The relay networking method of low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 2, wherein the preset time in the step S22 is 20 seconds.
4. The relay networking method of low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 2, wherein the step S22 is to prioritize according to signal strength, delay and packet loss rate, and select the optimal node.
5. The relay networking method for low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 2, wherein the contents of the network access request packet in step S23 include the device identifier of the node, the target node identifier, the signal quality information and the expected communication path.
6. The relay networking method for low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein the networking steps of the low power consumption terminal node are as follows: s31, in a heartbeat broadcasting stage, low-power consumption nodes which are not connected with the network periodically send heartbeat packets; S32, after receiving the heartbeat packet, the adjacent non-low-power-consumption nodes record the strength and the time stamp of each received signal and form a signal list; S33, ending packet transmission, wherein after the low-power consumption node finishes heartbeat packet transmission of preset times, the low-power consumption node transmits an ending packet to inform surrounding nodes of finishing heartbeat cycles; S34, in a relay reporting stage, after receiving the end packet, the non-low-power-consumption node reports the recorded signal data to the base station through a network access request packet; S35, selecting and distributing an optimal node and an ID, selecting an optimal relay node according to signal strength and communication stability indexes after receiving requests of a plurality of relay nodes by a base station, and distributing a unique network access ID for a low-power consumption node; S36, in the configuration and response stage, the base station transmits the configuration packet to the low-power consumption node through the selected optimal relay node, and the low-power consumption node immediately reports the network access confirmation packet after receiving the configuration packet; s37, in the communication stage of the request channel, after the low-power consumption node sends the end packet, the next communication period sends an information request packet, if the optimal relay node receives the request, the low-power consumption node immediately switches to the request channel and waits for further communication, and after the low-power consumption node sends the request packet, the low-power consumption node continues to repeatedly send the request packet on the request channel, so that reliable transmission of network access information is ensured.
7. The relay networking method of low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 6, wherein the low power consumption node which is not connected to the network in step S31 sends a heartbeat packet every 5 seconds, and the heartbeat packet includes a node unique identifier, a current electric quantity, a time stamp and a signal transmission intensity.
8. The method for relay networking of low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein when the performance of a certain relay node is attenuated or fails, the affected low power consumption terminal node briefly enters an enhanced interception mode to accelerate the broadcasting of heartbeat packets, other surrounding relay nodes enter a candidate discovery mode to actively intercept and report the signal quality of the node, the base station gathers evaluation data from a plurality of candidate nodes, comprehensively considers the signal strength, stability, the load of the candidate nodes and the residual energy, reselects an optimal relay node, then generates a relay switching instruction and sends the relay switching instruction to the low power consumption node through an original relay or a new relay, and the low power consumption node updates the associated relay information, so that the subsequent communication is performed through a new path to realize the dynamic switching of the relay node.
9. The relay networking method of low power wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein the base station starts an automatic network topology reconfiguration mechanism when the network scale changes, the nodes move or the large area link quality fluctuates as follows: i. The method comprises the steps that a base station broadcasts a topology information request packet, and all online nodes report neighbor tables, link quality and a connected terminal node list step by step; ii. The base station builds a real-time network topology global view based on the collected information, and analyzes whether a communication bottleneck, a redundant path or a single point fault risk exists or not by using a graph theory algorithm; The base station calculates a better route path to generate a new network route table, and transmits the updated route information to all relevant relay nodes through a batch of synchronous packets with confirmation; And iv, after receiving the synchronous packet, each node updates the local routing table and replies acknowledgement to the base station.
10. The method for relay networking for low power consumption wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein the base station periodically analyzes the data forwarding amount of each relay node, and when the difference of the residual power between adjacent relay nodes exceeds a preset range or a hot spot area is identified, starts the following load balancing and energy consumption management mechanism: i. the base station establishes dynamic images for each relay node, records the historical forwarding load, the current residual electric quantity and the unit energy consumption of the dynamic images; ii. Task reassignment decision, namely for high-load or low-power nodes, the base station searches for abundant nodes with lighter load and sufficient power in the adjacent areas; The base station temporarily or permanently reassigns partial low-power consumption terminal nodes subordinate to the high-load node to the selected rich node for relay in the next communication period; and iv, policy validation and monitoring, namely after a load adjustment instruction is issued, the base station monitors the adjustment effect, and ensures that the overall flow distribution of the network tends to be balanced.

Description

Relay networking method for low-power wireless communication Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular relates to a relay networking method suitable for an internet of things (IoT) and a low-power-consumption wide area network (LPWAN), and particularly relates to a networking method for expanding communication distance and reducing overall power consumption of a system through a layered architecture and dynamic relay selection. Background With the rapid development of the internet of things technology, massive low-power-consumption terminal nodes (such as sensors and actuators) are deployed in scenes such as environment monitoring, intelligent home, industrial control and the like. These nodes are typically battery powered and the design core is very low power consumption to extend their operational life, which directly limits the transmit power and receive sensitivity of their wireless communication modules, resulting in a very limited single point communication distance (typically tens to hundreds of meters). In order to cover a wider area, a practical low-power wireless network must be constructed by means of relay technology. In the prior art, the main flow scheme for expanding the coverage of the low-power-consumption network mainly has the following limitations: 1. The isomorphic multi-hop relay network is composed of low-power consumption nodes of the same type, and data is transmitted to the gateway in a multi-hop relay mode. The single-point power consumption is reduced, but the new problem is brought that the relay node is heavy in load because of needing to frequently forward data to other nodes, becomes a short board in the network, and shortens the whole network life cycle. 2. The high-power consumption gateway is intensively covered, namely, a small number of gateway equipment with high power and high cost is deployed to directly carry out long-distance communication with all terminal nodes. In this way, although the network structure is simplified, the terminal node is required to have enough power for communication with the gateway, which is contrary to the design goal of low power consumption, and meanwhile, the gateway deployment density is high, the cost is high, and the signal is easy to be blocked and the coverage is uneven in a complex environment. 3. And a relay network with static configuration, wherein relay nodes and routing paths are manually preset when the network is deployed. The method lacks flexibility, cannot adapt to link quality fluctuation caused by node faults, electric quantity attenuation or environmental changes (such as signal shielding caused by object movement), has poor network robustness and high maintenance cost. In summary, the prior art has difficulty in achieving a good balance in several key dimensions of low power consumption, wide coverage, low cost, and high reliability. Therefore, an intelligent networking method is urgently needed, network resources can be dynamically organized and managed, and on the premise of keeping the low power consumption characteristic of the terminal node to the maximum extent, the network coverage is economically and reliably expanded, and the network dynamic change is adapted. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a relay networking method for low-power wireless communication, which can expand the transmission distance of low-power nodes, provide low-cost local coverage and realize an efficient self-organizing network. The invention provides a relay networking method for low-power wireless communication, which adopts a layered structure and a dynamic relay selection mechanism and performs networking according to the following steps that S1, an upper layer adopts a base station as a main control node and is responsible for data reporting, data issuing, network management, node registration, ID allocation and global route maintenance, S2, a middle layer is a non-low-power relay node and is responsible for regional communication relay, signal monitoring and networking coordination, S3, a bottom layer is a low-power terminal node and is responsible for periodical heartbeat packet sending, data acquisition and networking request. The network access process of the non-low power consumption node is characterized in that the non-low power consumption node serves as a region manager and a relay function in a network initialization stage, the network access process comprises S21, after the non-low power consumption node is started, searching packet broadcasting in a network is monitored, after the searching packet of the network access node is received, signal intensity, communication delay and data integrity indexes of the node are recorded, S22, after the searching packet is continuously received for a preset time, the non-low power consumption node evaluates received node information and selects an optimal node according to c